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  • Committer: Arnold D. Robbins
  • Date: 2024-10-24 18:43:54 UTC
  • Revision ID: git-v1:dd309e2626b132dcd9e2693a64eaf17f69e25719
Change lshift/rshift to return 0 if shifting by too many bits.

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doc/gawk.info
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     produces a fatal error.  See the sidebar "Beware The Smoke and
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     Mirrors!"  for more information as to why.
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     Beginning with ‘gawk’ version 5.4, if not in MPFR mode (*note
 
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     Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic::), shifting with ‘lsfhit()’ or
 
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     ‘rshift()’ by as many or more bits than are available in the
 
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     largest unsigned integer returns zero, instead of whatever the
 
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     underlying C compiler might do.
 
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   Here is a user-defined function (*note User-defined::) that
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illustrates the use of these functions:
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                     Beware The Smoke and Mirrors!
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   It other languages, bitwise operations are performed on integer
 
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   In other languages, bitwise operations are performed on integer
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values, not floating-point values.  As a general statement, such
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operations work best when performed on unsigned integers.
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* BINMODE variable:                      User-modified.       (line  15)
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* BINMODE variable <1>:                  PC Using.            (line  18)
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* bit-manipulation functions:            Bitwise Functions.   (line   6)
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* bits2str() user-defined function:      Bitwise Functions.   (line  69)
 
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* bits2str() user-defined function:      Bitwise Functions.   (line  75)
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* bitwise, AND:                          Bitwise Functions.   (line  40)
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* bitwise, complement:                   Bitwise Functions.   (line  25)
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* bitwise, complement <1>:               Bitwise Functions.   (line  44)
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* converting, integer array subscripts to strings: Numeric Array Subscripts.
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                                                              (line  31)
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* converting, numbers to strings:        Strings And Numbers. (line   6)
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* converting, numbers to strings <1>:    Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 
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* converting, numbers to strings <1>:    Bitwise Functions.   (line 115)
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* converting, string to lower case:      String Functions.    (line 553)
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* converting, string to numbers:         Strings And Numbers. (line   6)
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* converting, string to numbers <1>:     String Functions.    (line 420)
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* converting, string to numbers <2>:     Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 
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* converting, string to numbers <2>:     Bitwise Functions.   (line 115)
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* converting, string to upper case:      String Functions.    (line 559)
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* CONVFMT variable:                      Strings And Numbers. (line  29)
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* CONVFMT variable <1>:                  User-modified.       (line  30)
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* number sign (#), commenting:           Comments.            (line   6)
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* numbers, as array subscripts:          Numeric Array Subscripts.
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                                                              (line   6)
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* numbers, as string of bits:            Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 
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* numbers, as string of bits:            Bitwise Functions.   (line 115)
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* numbers, as values of characters:      Ordinal Functions.   (line   6)
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* numbers, Cliff random:                 Cliff Random Function.
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                                                              (line   6)
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* numbers, converting:                   Strings And Numbers. (line   6)
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* numbers, converting <1>:               Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 
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* numbers, converting <1>:               Bitwise Functions.   (line 115)
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* numbers, converting, to strings:       User-modified.       (line  30)
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* numbers, converting, to strings <1>:   User-modified.       (line 107)
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* numbers, hexadecimal:                  Nondecimal-numbers.  (line   6)
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                                                              (line  72)
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* sidebar, Backslash Before Regular Characters: Escape Sequences.
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                                                              (line 122)
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* sidebar, Beware The Smoke and Mirrors!: Bitwise Functions.  (line 127)
 
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* sidebar, Beware The Smoke and Mirrors!: Bitwise Functions.  (line 133)
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* sidebar, Carriage-Return-Line-Feed Line Endings In CSV Files: Comma Separated Fields.
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                                                              (line  45)
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* sidebar, Caveats When Using Regular Expressions for RS: gawk split records.
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* string-translation functions:          I18N Functions.      (line   6)
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* strings, continuation across lines:    Scalar Constants.    (line  53)
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* strings, converting:                   Strings And Numbers. (line   6)
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* strings, converting <1>:               Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 
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* strings, converting <1>:               Bitwise Functions.   (line 115)
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* strings, converting, numbers to:       User-modified.       (line  30)
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* strings, converting, numbers to <1>:   User-modified.       (line 107)
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* strings, converting letter case:       String Functions.    (line 552)
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* tee.awk program:                       Tee Program.         (line  26)
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* temporary breakpoint:                  Breakpoint Control.  (line  90)
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* terminating records:                   awk split records.   (line 118)
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* testbits.awk program:                  Bitwise Functions.   (line  69)
 
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* testbits.awk program:                  Bitwise Functions.   (line  75)
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* testext extension:                     Extension Sample API Tests.
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                                                              (line   6)
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* Texinfo:                               Conventions.         (line   6)
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* user-defined, function, _pw_init():    Passwd Functions.    (line 105)
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* user-defined, function, assert():      Assert Function.     (line  28)
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* user-defined, function, beginfile():   Filetrans Function.  (line  62)
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* user-defined, function, bits2str():    Bitwise Functions.   (line  69)
 
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* user-defined, function, bits2str():    Bitwise Functions.   (line  75)
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* user-defined, function, chr():         Ordinal Functions.   (line  16)
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* user-defined, function, cliff_rand():  Cliff Random Function.
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                                                              (line  12)
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Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6643889
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Node: Bitwise Functions644167
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Ref: table-bitwise-ops644765
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Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1651007
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Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2651184
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Node: Type Functions651379
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Node: I18N Functions653550
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Node: User-defined655285
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Node: Definition Syntax656031
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Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1661886
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Node: Function Example661961
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Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1664940
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Node: Function Calling664962
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Node: Calling A Function665554
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Node: Variable Scope666524
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Node: Pass By Value/Reference669578
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Node: Function Caveats672306
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Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1674397
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Node: Return Statement674517
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Node: Dynamic Typing677549
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Node: Dynamic Typing Awk678131
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Node: Dynamic Typing Gawk680269
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Node: Shadowed Variables683639
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Node: Indirect Calls685987
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Node: Functions Summary697128
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Node: Library Functions700094
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Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1703642
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Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2703787
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Node: Library Names703962
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Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1707733
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Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2707960
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Node: General Functions708054
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Node: Strtonum Function709324
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Node: Assert Function712406
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Node: Round Function715856
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Node: Cliff Random Function717428
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Node: Ordinal Functions718452
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Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1721555
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Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2721807
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Node: Join Function722021
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Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1723819
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Node: Getlocaltime Function724023
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Node: Readfile Function727797
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Node: Shell Quoting729826
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Node: Isnumeric Function731282
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Node: To CSV Function732718
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Node: Data File Management734810
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Node: Filetrans Function735442
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Node: Rewind Function739718
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Node: File Checking741689
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Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1743055
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Node: Empty Files743260
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Node: Ignoring Assigns745323
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Node: Getopt Function746897
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Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1762715
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Node: Passwd Functions762927
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Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1772062
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Node: Group Functions772150
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Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1780274
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Node: Walking Arrays780485
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Node: Library Functions Summary783531
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Node: Library Exercises784951
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Node: Sample Programs785436
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Node: Running Examples786218
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Node: Clones786970
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Node: Cut Program788238
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Node: Egrep Program798662
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Node: Id Program807961
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Node: Split Program818053
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Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1828266
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Node: Tee Program828451
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Node: Uniq Program831357
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Node: Wc Program839217
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Node: Bytes vs. Characters839612
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Node: Using extensions841212
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Node: wc program841990
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Node: Miscellaneous Programs846983
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Node: Dupword Program848208
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Node: Alarm Program850257
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Node: Translate Program855160
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Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1859869
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Node: Labels Program860147
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Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1863582
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Node: Word Sorting863666
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Node: History Sorting867840
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Node: Extract Program870113
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Node: Simple Sed878366
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Node: Igawk Program881576
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Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1896786
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Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2896992
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Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3897122
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Node: Anagram Program897249
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Node: Signature Program900335
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Node: Programs Summary901585
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Node: Programs Exercises902839
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Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1907668
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Node: Advanced Features907754
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Node: Nondecimal Data910235
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Node: Boolean Typed Values911865
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Node: Array Sorting913822
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Node: Controlling Array Traversal914551
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Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1923054
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Node: Array Sorting Functions923176
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Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1929273
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Node: Two-way I/O929481
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Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1937452
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Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2937643
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Node: TCP/IP Networking937725
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Node: Profiling940893
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Node: Persistent Memory950563
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Ref: Persistent Memory-Footnote-1960135
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Node: Extension Philosophy960266
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Node: Advanced Features Summary961793
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Node: Internationalization964059
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Node: I18N and L10N965761
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Node: Explaining gettext966456
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Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1972592
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Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2972785
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Node: Programmer i18n972950
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Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1978062
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Node: Translator i18n978111
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Node: String Extraction978941
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Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1980117
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Node: Printf Ordering980215
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Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1983073
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Node: I18N Portability983141
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Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1985701
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Node: I18N Example985768
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Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1989162
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Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2989235
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Node: Gawk I18N989352
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Node: I18N Summary990006
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Node: Debugger991403
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Node: Debugging992423
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Node: Debugging Concepts992872
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Node: Debugging Terms994689
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Node: Awk Debugging997292
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Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1998265
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Node: Sample Debugging Session998401
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Node: Debugger Invocation998951
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Node: Finding The Bug1000576
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Node: List of Debugger Commands1007208
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Node: Breakpoint Control1008585
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Node: Debugger Execution Control1012407
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Node: Viewing And Changing Data1015881
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Node: Execution Stack1019615
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Node: Debugger Info1021296
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Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands1025591
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Node: Readline Support1030832
40544
 
Node: Limitations1031776
40545
 
Node: Debugging Summary1034400
40546
 
Node: Namespaces1035699
40547
 
Node: Global Namespace1036939
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Node: Qualified Names1038373
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Node: Default Namespace1039408
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Node: Changing The Namespace1040181
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Node: Naming Rules1041863
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Node: Internal Name Management1043818
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Node: Namespace Example1044888
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Node: Inclusion For Namespaces1047467
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Node: Namespace And Features1049910
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Node: Namespace Summary1051372
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Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic1052885
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Node: Computer Arithmetic1054404
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Ref: table-numeric-ranges1058329
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Ref: table-floating-point-ranges1058826
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Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-11059484
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Node: Math Definitions1059541
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Ref: table-ieee-formats1062573
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Node: MPFR features1063146
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Node: MPFR On Parole1063599
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Ref: MPFR On Parole-Footnote-11064440
40567
 
Node: MPFR Intro1064599
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Node: FP Math Caution1066283
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Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-11067355
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Node: Inexactness of computations1067728
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Node: Inexact representation1068759
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Node: Comparing FP Values1070140
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Node: Errors accumulate1071398
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Node: Strange values1072863
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Ref: Strange values-Footnote-11075517
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Node: Getting Accuracy1075622
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Node: Try To Round1078359
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Node: Setting precision1079266
40579
 
Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings1079971
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Node: Setting the rounding mode1081855
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Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes1082237
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Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-11086289
40583
 
Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers1086474
40584
 
Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-11089684
40585
 
Node: Checking for MPFR1089837
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Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems1091327
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Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-11096147
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Node: Floating point summary1096185
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Node: Dynamic Extensions1098441
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Node: Extension Intro1100038
40591
 
Node: Plugin License1101340
40592
 
Node: Extension Mechanism Outline1102153
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Ref: figure-load-extension1102604
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Ref: figure-register-new-function1104182
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Ref: figure-call-new-function1105291
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Node: Extension API Description1107406
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Node: Extension API Functions Introduction1109135
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Ref: table-api-std-headers1111029
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Node: General Data Types1115470
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Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11124616
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Node: Memory Allocation Functions1124919
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Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11129634
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Node: Constructor Functions1129733
40604
 
Node: API Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values1133634
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Node: Registration Functions1135187
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Node: Extension Functions1135891
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Node: Exit Callback Functions1141465
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Node: Extension Version String1142779
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Node: Input Parsers1143474
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Node: Output Wrappers1158093
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Node: Two-way processors1162935
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Node: Printing Messages1165288
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Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11166499
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Node: Updating ERRNO1166652
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Node: Requesting Values1167451
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Ref: table-value-types-returned1168204
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Node: Accessing Parameters1170263
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Node: Symbol Table Access1171544
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Node: Symbol table by name1172056
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Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11175257
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Node: Symbol table by cookie1175389
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Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11179658
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Node: Cached values1179722
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Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11183354
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Node: Array Manipulation1183511
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Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11184610
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Node: Array Data Types1184647
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Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11187465
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Node: Array Functions1187561
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Node: Flattening Arrays1192590
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Node: Creating Arrays1199638
40632
 
Node: Redirection API1204480
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Node: Extension API Variables1207497
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Node: Extension Versioning1208220
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Ref: gawk-api-version1208649
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Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1210436
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Node: Extension API Informational Variables1212140
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Node: Extension API Boilerplate1213393
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Node: Changes from API V11217523
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Node: Finding Extensions1219155
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Node: Extension Example1219730
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Node: Internal File Description1220552
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Node: Internal File Ops1224844
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Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11236394
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Node: Using Internal File Ops1236542
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Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11238975
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Node: Extension Samples1239253
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Node: Extension Sample File Functions1240822
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Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1248947
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Node: Extension Sample Fork1250542
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Node: Extension Sample Inplace1251818
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Node: Extension Sample Ord1255920
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Node: Extension Sample Readdir1256796
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Ref: table-readdir-file-types1257585
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Node: Extension Sample Revout1258941
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Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1259538
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Node: Extension Sample Read write array1260290
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Node: Extension Sample Readfile1263564
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Node: Extension Sample Time1264695
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Node: Extension Sample API Tests1266695
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Node: gawkextlib1267203
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Node: Extension summary1270235
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Node: Extension Exercises1274083
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Node: Language History1275353
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Node: V7/SVR3.11277065
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Node: SVR41279415
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Node: POSIX1280947
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Node: BTL1282372
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Node: POSIX/GNU1283139
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Ref: Gawk Extension Functions1286529
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Node: Feature History1289953
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Node: Common Extensions1309985
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Node: Ranges and Locales1311460
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Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11316245
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Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21316272
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Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31316507
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Node: Contributors1316730
40678
 
Node: History summary1323082
40679
 
Node: Installation1324524
40680
 
Node: Gawk Distribution1325488
40681
 
Node: Getting1325980
40682
 
Node: Extracting1326979
40683
 
Node: Distribution contents1328685
40684
 
Node: Unix Installation1336575
40685
 
Node: Quick Installation1337395
40686
 
Node: Compiling with MPFR1339935
40687
 
Node: Shell Startup Files1340641
40688
 
Node: Additional Configuration Options1341798
40689
 
Node: Configuration Philosophy1344181
40690
 
Node: Compiling from Git1346681
40691
 
Node: Building the Documentation1347240
40692
 
Node: Non-Unix Installation1348652
40693
 
Node: PC Installation1349128
40694
 
Node: PC Binary Installation1349997
40695
 
Node: PC Compiling1350890
40696
 
Node: PC Using1352068
40697
 
Node: Cygwin1355784
40698
 
Node: MSYS1357036
40699
 
Node: OpenVMS Installation1357662
40700
 
Node: OpenVMS Compilation1358343
40701
 
Ref: OpenVMS Compilation-Footnote-11359826
40702
 
Node: OpenVMS Dynamic Extensions1359884
40703
 
Node: OpenVMS Installation Details1361520
40704
 
Node: OpenVMS Running1363951
40705
 
Node: OpenVMS GNV1368088
40706
 
Node: Bugs1368843
40707
 
Node: Bug definition1369763
40708
 
Node: Bug address1373364
40709
 
Node: Usenet1376933
40710
 
Node: Performance bugs1378146
40711
 
Node: Asking for help1381150
40712
 
Node: Maintainers1383137
40713
 
Node: Other Versions1384164
40714
 
Node: Installation summary1394153
40715
 
Node: Notes1395535
40716
 
Node: Compatibility Mode1396345
40717
 
Node: Additions1397167
40718
 
Node: Accessing The Source1398112
40719
 
Node: Adding Code1399643
40720
 
Node: New Ports1406754
40721
 
Node: Derived Files1411257
40722
 
Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11417068
40723
 
Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21417103
40724
 
Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31417714
40725
 
Node: Future Extensions1417828
40726
 
Node: Implementation Limitations1418498
40727
 
Node: Extension Design1419740
40728
 
Node: Old Extension Problems1420900
40729
 
Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11422472
40730
 
Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1422533
40731
 
Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11426003
40732
 
Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1426204
40733
 
Node: Extension Future Growth1428401
40734
 
Node: Notes summary1429021
40735
 
Node: Basic Concepts1430231
40736
 
Node: Basic High Level1430916
40737
 
Ref: figure-general-flow1431198
40738
 
Ref: figure-process-flow1431900
40739
 
Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11435270
40740
 
Node: Basic Data Typing1435459
40741
 
Node: Glossary1438867
40742
 
Node: Copying1471745
40743
 
Node: GNU Free Documentation License1509303
40744
 
Node: Index1534426
 
40404
Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1651326
 
40405
Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2651503
 
40406
Node: Type Functions651698
 
40407
Node: I18N Functions653869
 
40408
Node: User-defined655604
 
40409
Node: Definition Syntax656350
 
40410
Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1662205
 
40411
Node: Function Example662280
 
40412
Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1665259
 
40413
Node: Function Calling665281
 
40414
Node: Calling A Function665873
 
40415
Node: Variable Scope666843
 
40416
Node: Pass By Value/Reference669897
 
40417
Node: Function Caveats672625
 
40418
Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1674716
 
40419
Node: Return Statement674836
 
40420
Node: Dynamic Typing677868
 
40421
Node: Dynamic Typing Awk678450
 
40422
Node: Dynamic Typing Gawk680588
 
40423
Node: Shadowed Variables683958
 
40424
Node: Indirect Calls686306
 
40425
Node: Functions Summary697447
 
40426
Node: Library Functions700413
 
40427
Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1703961
 
40428
Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2704106
 
40429
Node: Library Names704281
 
40430
Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1708052
 
40431
Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2708279
 
40432
Node: General Functions708373
 
40433
Node: Strtonum Function709643
 
40434
Node: Assert Function712725
 
40435
Node: Round Function716175
 
40436
Node: Cliff Random Function717747
 
40437
Node: Ordinal Functions718771
 
40438
Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1721874
 
40439
Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2722126
 
40440
Node: Join Function722340
 
40441
Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1724138
 
40442
Node: Getlocaltime Function724342
 
40443
Node: Readfile Function728116
 
40444
Node: Shell Quoting730145
 
40445
Node: Isnumeric Function731601
 
40446
Node: To CSV Function733037
 
40447
Node: Data File Management735129
 
40448
Node: Filetrans Function735761
 
40449
Node: Rewind Function740037
 
40450
Node: File Checking742008
 
40451
Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1743374
 
40452
Node: Empty Files743579
 
40453
Node: Ignoring Assigns745642
 
40454
Node: Getopt Function747216
 
40455
Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1763034
 
40456
Node: Passwd Functions763246
 
40457
Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1772381
 
40458
Node: Group Functions772469
 
40459
Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1780593
 
40460
Node: Walking Arrays780804
 
40461
Node: Library Functions Summary783850
 
40462
Node: Library Exercises785270
 
40463
Node: Sample Programs785755
 
40464
Node: Running Examples786537
 
40465
Node: Clones787289
 
40466
Node: Cut Program788557
 
40467
Node: Egrep Program798981
 
40468
Node: Id Program808280
 
40469
Node: Split Program818372
 
40470
Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1828585
 
40471
Node: Tee Program828770
 
40472
Node: Uniq Program831676
 
40473
Node: Wc Program839536
 
40474
Node: Bytes vs. Characters839931
 
40475
Node: Using extensions841531
 
40476
Node: wc program842309
 
40477
Node: Miscellaneous Programs847302
 
40478
Node: Dupword Program848527
 
40479
Node: Alarm Program850576
 
40480
Node: Translate Program855479
 
40481
Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1860188
 
40482
Node: Labels Program860466
 
40483
Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1863901
 
40484
Node: Word Sorting863985
 
40485
Node: History Sorting868159
 
40486
Node: Extract Program870432
 
40487
Node: Simple Sed878685
 
40488
Node: Igawk Program881895
 
40489
Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1897105
 
40490
Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2897311
 
40491
Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3897441
 
40492
Node: Anagram Program897568
 
40493
Node: Signature Program900654
 
40494
Node: Programs Summary901904
 
40495
Node: Programs Exercises903158
 
40496
Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1907987
 
40497
Node: Advanced Features908073
 
40498
Node: Nondecimal Data910554
 
40499
Node: Boolean Typed Values912184
 
40500
Node: Array Sorting914141
 
40501
Node: Controlling Array Traversal914870
 
40502
Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1923373
 
40503
Node: Array Sorting Functions923495
 
40504
Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1929592
 
40505
Node: Two-way I/O929800
 
40506
Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1937771
 
40507
Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2937962
 
40508
Node: TCP/IP Networking938044
 
40509
Node: Profiling941212
 
40510
Node: Persistent Memory950882
 
40511
Ref: Persistent Memory-Footnote-1960454
 
40512
Node: Extension Philosophy960585
 
40513
Node: Advanced Features Summary962112
 
40514
Node: Internationalization964378
 
40515
Node: I18N and L10N966080
 
40516
Node: Explaining gettext966775
 
40517
Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1972911
 
40518
Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2973104
 
40519
Node: Programmer i18n973269
 
40520
Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1978381
 
40521
Node: Translator i18n978430
 
40522
Node: String Extraction979260
 
40523
Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1980436
 
40524
Node: Printf Ordering980534
 
40525
Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1983392
 
40526
Node: I18N Portability983460
 
40527
Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1986020
 
40528
Node: I18N Example986087
 
40529
Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1989481
 
40530
Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2989554
 
40531
Node: Gawk I18N989671
 
40532
Node: I18N Summary990325
 
40533
Node: Debugger991722
 
40534
Node: Debugging992742
 
40535
Node: Debugging Concepts993191
 
40536
Node: Debugging Terms995008
 
40537
Node: Awk Debugging997611
 
40538
Ref: Awk Debugging-Footnote-1998584
 
40539
Node: Sample Debugging Session998720
 
40540
Node: Debugger Invocation999270
 
40541
Node: Finding The Bug1000895
 
40542
Node: List of Debugger Commands1007527
 
40543
Node: Breakpoint Control1008904
 
40544
Node: Debugger Execution Control1012726
 
40545
Node: Viewing And Changing Data1016200
 
40546
Node: Execution Stack1019934
 
40547
Node: Debugger Info1021615
 
40548
Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands1025910
 
40549
Node: Readline Support1031151
 
40550
Node: Limitations1032095
 
40551
Node: Debugging Summary1034719
 
40552
Node: Namespaces1036018
 
40553
Node: Global Namespace1037258
 
40554
Node: Qualified Names1038692
 
40555
Node: Default Namespace1039727
 
40556
Node: Changing The Namespace1040500
 
40557
Node: Naming Rules1042182
 
40558
Node: Internal Name Management1044137
 
40559
Node: Namespace Example1045207
 
40560
Node: Inclusion For Namespaces1047786
 
40561
Node: Namespace And Features1050229
 
40562
Node: Namespace Summary1051691
 
40563
Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic1053204
 
40564
Node: Computer Arithmetic1054723
 
40565
Ref: table-numeric-ranges1058648
 
40566
Ref: table-floating-point-ranges1059145
 
40567
Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-11059803
 
40568
Node: Math Definitions1059860
 
40569
Ref: table-ieee-formats1062892
 
40570
Node: MPFR features1063465
 
40571
Node: MPFR On Parole1063918
 
40572
Ref: MPFR On Parole-Footnote-11064759
 
40573
Node: MPFR Intro1064918
 
40574
Node: FP Math Caution1066602
 
40575
Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-11067674
 
40576
Node: Inexactness of computations1068047
 
40577
Node: Inexact representation1069078
 
40578
Node: Comparing FP Values1070459
 
40579
Node: Errors accumulate1071717
 
40580
Node: Strange values1073182
 
40581
Ref: Strange values-Footnote-11075836
 
40582
Node: Getting Accuracy1075941
 
40583
Node: Try To Round1078678
 
40584
Node: Setting precision1079585
 
40585
Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings1080290
 
40586
Node: Setting the rounding mode1082174
 
40587
Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes1082556
 
40588
Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-11086608
 
40589
Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers1086793
 
40590
Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-11090003
 
40591
Node: Checking for MPFR1090156
 
40592
Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems1091646
 
40593
Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-11096466
 
40594
Node: Floating point summary1096504
 
40595
Node: Dynamic Extensions1098760
 
40596
Node: Extension Intro1100357
 
40597
Node: Plugin License1101659
 
40598
Node: Extension Mechanism Outline1102472
 
40599
Ref: figure-load-extension1102923
 
40600
Ref: figure-register-new-function1104501
 
40601
Ref: figure-call-new-function1105610
 
40602
Node: Extension API Description1107725
 
40603
Node: Extension API Functions Introduction1109454
 
40604
Ref: table-api-std-headers1111348
 
40605
Node: General Data Types1115789
 
40606
Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-11124935
 
40607
Node: Memory Allocation Functions1125238
 
40608
Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-11129953
 
40609
Node: Constructor Functions1130052
 
40610
Node: API Ownership of MPFR and GMP Values1133953
 
40611
Node: Registration Functions1135506
 
40612
Node: Extension Functions1136210
 
40613
Node: Exit Callback Functions1141784
 
40614
Node: Extension Version String1143098
 
40615
Node: Input Parsers1143793
 
40616
Node: Output Wrappers1158412
 
40617
Node: Two-way processors1163254
 
40618
Node: Printing Messages1165607
 
40619
Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11166818
 
40620
Node: Updating ERRNO1166971
 
40621
Node: Requesting Values1167770
 
40622
Ref: table-value-types-returned1168523
 
40623
Node: Accessing Parameters1170582
 
40624
Node: Symbol Table Access1171863
 
40625
Node: Symbol table by name1172375
 
40626
Ref: Symbol table by name-Footnote-11175576
 
40627
Node: Symbol table by cookie1175708
 
40628
Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11179977
 
40629
Node: Cached values1180041
 
40630
Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11183673
 
40631
Node: Array Manipulation1183830
 
40632
Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11184929
 
40633
Node: Array Data Types1184966
 
40634
Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11187784
 
40635
Node: Array Functions1187880
 
40636
Node: Flattening Arrays1192909
 
40637
Node: Creating Arrays1199957
 
40638
Node: Redirection API1204799
 
40639
Node: Extension API Variables1207816
 
40640
Node: Extension Versioning1208539
 
40641
Ref: gawk-api-version1208968
 
40642
Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1210755
 
40643
Node: Extension API Informational Variables1212459
 
40644
Node: Extension API Boilerplate1213712
 
40645
Node: Changes from API V11217842
 
40646
Node: Finding Extensions1219474
 
40647
Node: Extension Example1220049
 
40648
Node: Internal File Description1220871
 
40649
Node: Internal File Ops1225163
 
40650
Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11236713
 
40651
Node: Using Internal File Ops1236861
 
40652
Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11239294
 
40653
Node: Extension Samples1239572
 
40654
Node: Extension Sample File Functions1241141
 
40655
Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1249266
 
40656
Node: Extension Sample Fork1250861
 
40657
Node: Extension Sample Inplace1252137
 
40658
Node: Extension Sample Ord1256239
 
40659
Node: Extension Sample Readdir1257115
 
40660
Ref: table-readdir-file-types1257904
 
40661
Node: Extension Sample Revout1259260
 
40662
Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1259857
 
40663
Node: Extension Sample Read write array1260609
 
40664
Node: Extension Sample Readfile1263883
 
40665
Node: Extension Sample Time1265014
 
40666
Node: Extension Sample API Tests1267014
 
40667
Node: gawkextlib1267522
 
40668
Node: Extension summary1270554
 
40669
Node: Extension Exercises1274402
 
40670
Node: Language History1275672
 
40671
Node: V7/SVR3.11277384
 
40672
Node: SVR41279734
 
40673
Node: POSIX1281266
 
40674
Node: BTL1282691
 
40675
Node: POSIX/GNU1283458
 
40676
Ref: Gawk Extension Functions1286848
 
40677
Node: Feature History1290272
 
40678
Node: Common Extensions1310304
 
40679
Node: Ranges and Locales1311779
 
40680
Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11316564
 
40681
Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21316591
 
40682
Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31316826
 
40683
Node: Contributors1317049
 
40684
Node: History summary1323401
 
40685
Node: Installation1324843
 
40686
Node: Gawk Distribution1325807
 
40687
Node: Getting1326299
 
40688
Node: Extracting1327298
 
40689
Node: Distribution contents1329004
 
40690
Node: Unix Installation1336894
 
40691
Node: Quick Installation1337714
 
40692
Node: Compiling with MPFR1340254
 
40693
Node: Shell Startup Files1340960
 
40694
Node: Additional Configuration Options1342117
 
40695
Node: Configuration Philosophy1344500
 
40696
Node: Compiling from Git1347000
 
40697
Node: Building the Documentation1347559
 
40698
Node: Non-Unix Installation1348971
 
40699
Node: PC Installation1349447
 
40700
Node: PC Binary Installation1350316
 
40701
Node: PC Compiling1351209
 
40702
Node: PC Using1352387
 
40703
Node: Cygwin1356103
 
40704
Node: MSYS1357355
 
40705
Node: OpenVMS Installation1357981
 
40706
Node: OpenVMS Compilation1358662
 
40707
Ref: OpenVMS Compilation-Footnote-11360145
 
40708
Node: OpenVMS Dynamic Extensions1360203
 
40709
Node: OpenVMS Installation Details1361839
 
40710
Node: OpenVMS Running1364270
 
40711
Node: OpenVMS GNV1368407
 
40712
Node: Bugs1369162
 
40713
Node: Bug definition1370082
 
40714
Node: Bug address1373683
 
40715
Node: Usenet1377252
 
40716
Node: Performance bugs1378465
 
40717
Node: Asking for help1381469
 
40718
Node: Maintainers1383456
 
40719
Node: Other Versions1384483
 
40720
Node: Installation summary1394472
 
40721
Node: Notes1395854
 
40722
Node: Compatibility Mode1396664
 
40723
Node: Additions1397486
 
40724
Node: Accessing The Source1398431
 
40725
Node: Adding Code1399962
 
40726
Node: New Ports1407073
 
40727
Node: Derived Files1411576
 
40728
Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11417387
 
40729
Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21417422
 
40730
Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31418033
 
40731
Node: Future Extensions1418147
 
40732
Node: Implementation Limitations1418817
 
40733
Node: Extension Design1420059
 
40734
Node: Old Extension Problems1421219
 
40735
Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11422791
 
40736
Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1422852
 
40737
Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11426322
 
40738
Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1426523
 
40739
Node: Extension Future Growth1428720
 
40740
Node: Notes summary1429340
 
40741
Node: Basic Concepts1430550
 
40742
Node: Basic High Level1431235
 
40743
Ref: figure-general-flow1431517
 
40744
Ref: figure-process-flow1432219
 
40745
Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11435589
 
40746
Node: Basic Data Typing1435778
 
40747
Node: Glossary1439186
 
40748
Node: Copying1472064
 
40749
Node: GNU Free Documentation License1509622
 
40750
Node: Index1534745
40745
40751
 
40746
40752
End Tag Table
40747
40753