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- Committer: Bazaar Package Importer
- Author(s): Nathaniel McCallum
- Date: 2004-09-03 15:15:33 UTC
- Revision ID: james.westby@ubuntu.com-20040903151533-px02yqlrchs4fv2t
Tags: upstream-4.0.2
Import upstream version 4.0.2
- files added:
- FAQ
- doc
- doc/install.sh
- etc
- terminfo
- utf8encodings
added
removed
doc/screen.info-1
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This is screen.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.5 from
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./screen.texinfo.
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INFO-DIR-SECTION General Commands
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START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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* Screen: (screen). Full-screen window manager.
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END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
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This file documents the `Screen' virtual terminal manager.
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Copyright (c) 1993-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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preserved on all copies.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
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this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
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the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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permission notice identical to this one.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
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manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
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versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
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translation approved by the Foundation.
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File: screen.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
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Screen
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******
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This file documents the `Screen' virtual terminal manager, version
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4.0.2.
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36
* Menu:
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38
* Overview:: Preliminary information.
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* Getting Started:: An introduction to `screen'.
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* Invoking Screen:: Command line options for `screen'.
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* Customization:: The `.screenrc' file.
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* Commands:: List all of the commands.
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* New Window:: Running a program in a new window.
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* Selecting:: Selecting a window to display.
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* Session Management:: Suspend/detach, grant access, connect sessions.
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* Regions:: Split-screen commands.
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* Window Settings:: Titles, logging, etc.
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* Virtual Terminal:: Controlling the `screen' VT100 emulation.
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* Copy and Paste:: Exchanging text between windows and sessions.
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* Subprocess Execution:: I/O filtering with `exec'.
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* Key Binding:: Binding commands to keys.
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* Flow Control:: Trap or pass flow control characters.
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* Termcap:: Tweaking your terminal's termcap entry.
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* Message Line:: The `screen' message line.
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* Logging:: Keeping a record of your session.
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* Startup:: Functions only useful at `screen' startup.
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* Miscellaneous:: Various other commands.
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* String Escapes:: Inserting current information into strings
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* Environment:: Environment variables used by `screen'.
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* Files:: Files used by `screen'.
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* Credits:: Who's who of `screen'.
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* Bugs:: What to do if you find a bug.
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* Installation:: Getting `screen' running on your system.
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* Concept Index:: Index of concepts.
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* Command Index:: Index of all `screen' commands.
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* Keystroke Index:: Index of default key bindings.
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File: screen.info, Node: Overview, Next: Getting Started, Prev: Top, Up: Top
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Overview
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********
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Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical
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terminal between several processes, typically interactive shells. Each
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virtual terminal provides the functions of the DEC VT100 terminal and,
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in addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI
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X3.64) and ISO 2022 standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for
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multiple character sets). There is a scrollback history buffer for
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each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste mechanism that allows the
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user to move text regions between windows.
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When `screen' is called, it creates a single window with a shell in
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it (or the specified command) and then gets out of your way so that you
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can use the program as you normally would. Then, at any time, you can
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create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including
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more shells), kill the current window, view a list of the active
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windows, turn output logging on and off, copy text between windows, view
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the scrollback history, switch between windows, etc. All windows run
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their programs completely independent of each other. Programs continue
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to run when their window is currently not visible and even when the
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whole screen session is detached from the user's terminal.
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When a program terminates, `screen' (per default) kills the window
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that contained it. If this window was in the foreground, the display
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switches to the previously displayed window; if none are left, `screen'
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exits.
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Everything you type is sent to the program running in the current
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window. The only exception to this is the one keystroke that is used to
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initiate a command to the window manager. By default, each command
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begins with a control-a (abbreviated `C-a' from now on), and is
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followed by one other keystroke. The command character (*note Command
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Character::) and all the key bindings (*note Key Binding::) can be fully
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customized to be anything you like, though they are always two
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characters in length.
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`Screen' does not understand the prefix `C-' to mean control.
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Please use the caret notation (`^A' instead of `C-a') as arguments to
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e.g. the `escape' command or the `-e' option. `Screen' will also print
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out control characters in caret notation.
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The standard way to create a new window is to type `C-a c'. This
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creates a new window running a shell and switches to that window
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immediately, regardless of the state of the process running in the
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current window. Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom
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command in it by first binding the command to a keystroke (in your
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`.screenrc' file or at the `C-a :' command line) and then using it just
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like the `C-a c' command. In addition, new windows can be created by
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running a command like:
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screen emacs prog.c
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from a shell prompt within a previously created window. This will not
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run another copy of `screen', but will instead supply the command name
126
and its arguments to the window manager (specified in the $STY
127
environment variable) who will use it to create the new window. The
128
above example would start the `emacs' editor (editing `prog.c') and
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switch to its window.
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If `/etc/utmp' is writable by `screen', an appropriate record will
132
be written to this file for each window, and removed when the window is
133
closed. This is useful for working with `talk', `script', `shutdown',
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`rsend', `sccs' and other similar programs that use the utmp file to
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determine who you are. As long as `screen' is active on your terminal,
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the terminal's own record is removed from the utmp file. *Note Login::.
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File: screen.info, Node: Getting Started, Next: Invoking Screen, Prev: Overview, Up: Top
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Getting Started
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***************
143
144
Before you begin to use `screen' you'll need to make sure you have
145
correctly selected your terminal type, just as you would for any other
146
termcap/terminfo program. (You can do this by using `tset', `qterm',
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or just `set term=mytermtype', for example.)
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If you're impatient and want to get started without doing a lot more
150
reading, you should remember this one command: `C-a ?' (*note Key
151
Binding::). Typing these two characters will display a list of the
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available `screen' commands and their bindings. Each keystroke is
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discussed in the section on keystrokes (*note Default Key Bindings::).
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Another section (*note Customization::) deals with the contents of your
155
`.screenrc'.
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If your terminal is a "true" auto-margin terminal (it doesn't allow
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the last position on the screen to be updated without scrolling the
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screen) consider using a version of your terminal's termcap that has
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automatic margins turned _off_. This will ensure an accurate and
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optimal update of the screen in all circumstances. Most terminals
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nowadays have "magic" margins (automatic margins plus usable last
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column). This is the VT100 style type and perfectly suited for
164
`screen'. If all you've got is a "true" auto-margin terminal `screen'
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will be content to use it, but updating a character put into the last
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position on the screen may not be possible until the screen scrolls or
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the character is moved into a safe position in some other way. This
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delay can be shortened by using a terminal with insert-character
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capability.
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*Note Special Capabilities::, for more information about telling
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`screen' what kind of terminal you have.
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File: screen.info, Node: Invoking Screen, Next: Customization, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top
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177
Invoking `Screen'
178
*****************
179
180
Screen has the following command-line options:
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182
`-a'
183
Include _all_ capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each
184
window's termcap, even if `screen' must redraw parts of the display
185
in order to implement a function.
186
187
`-A'
188
Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the display. By
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default, `screen' may try to restore its old window sizes when
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attaching to resizable terminals (those with `WS' in their
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descriptions, e.g. `suncmd' or some varieties of `xterm').
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193
`-c FILE'
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Use FILE as the user's configuration file instead of the default
195
of `$HOME/.screenrc'.
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197
`-d [PID.SESSIONNAME]'
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`-D [PID.SESSIONNAME]'
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Do not start `screen', but instead detach a `screen' session
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running elsewhere (*note Detach::). `-d' has the same effect as
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typing `C-a d' from the controlling terminal for the session.
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`-D' is the equivalent to the power detach key. If no session can
203
be detached, this option is ignored. In combination with the
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`-r'/`-R' option more powerful effects can be achieved:
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206
`-d -r'
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Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.
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209
`-d -R'
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Reattach a session and if necessary detach or even create
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it first.
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`-d -RR'
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Reattach a session and if necessary detach or create it. Use
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the first session if more than one session is available.
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217
`-D -r'
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Reattach a session. If necessary detach and logout remotely
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first.
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221
`-D -R'
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Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is
223
running, then reattach. If necessary detach and logout
224
remotely first. If it was not running create it and notify
225
the user. This is the author's favorite.
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`-D -RR'
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Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.
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230
_Note_: It is a good idea to check the status of your sessions
231
with `screen -list' before using this option.
232
233
`-e XY'
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Set the command character to X, and the character generating a
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literal command character (when typed after the command character)
236
to Y. The defaults are `C-a' and `a', which can be specified as
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`-e^Aa'. When creating a `screen' session, this option sets the
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default command character. In a multiuser session all users added
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will start off with this command character. But when attaching to
240
an already running session, this option only changes the command
241
character of the attaching user. This option is equivalent to the
242
commands `defescape' or `escape' respectively. (*note Command
243
Character::).
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`-f'
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`-fn'
247
`-fa'
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Set flow-control to on, off, or automatic switching mode,
249
respectively. This option is equivalent to the `defflow' command
250
(*note Flow Control::).
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`-h NUM'
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Set the history scrollback buffer to be NUM lines high.
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Equivalent to the `defscrollback' command (*note Copy::).
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`-i'
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Cause the interrupt key (usually `C-c') to interrupt the display
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immediately when flow control is on. This option is equivalent to
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the `interrupt' argument to the `defflow' command (*note Flow
260
Control::). Its use is discouraged.
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`-l'
263
`-ln'
264
Turn login mode on or off (for `/etc/utmp' updating). This option
265
is equivalent to the `deflogin' command (*note Login::).
266
267
`-ls [MATCH]'
268
`-list [MATCH]'
269
Do not start `screen', but instead print a list of session
270
identification strings (usually of the form PID.TTY.HOST; *note
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Session Name::). Sessions marked `detached' can be resumed with
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`screen -r'. Those marked `attached' are running and have a
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controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser mode, it
274
is marked `multi'. Sessions marked as `unreachable' either live
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on a different host or are dead. An unreachable session is
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considered dead, when its name matches either the name of the
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local host, or the specified parameter, if any. See the `-r' flag
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for a description how to construct matches. Sessions marked as
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`dead' should be thoroughly checked and removed. Ask your system
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administrator if you are not sure. Remove sessions with the
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`-wipe' option.
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`-L'
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Tell `screen' to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.
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`-m'
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Tell `screen' to ignore the `$STY' environment variable. When
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this option is used, a new session will always be created,
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regardless of whether `screen' is being called from within another
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`screen' session or not. This flag has a special meaning in
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connection with the `-d' option:
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`-d -m'
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Start `screen' in _detached_ mode. This creates a new session
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but doesn't attach to it. This is useful for system startup
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scripts.
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`-D -m'
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This also starts `screen' in _detached_ mode, but doesn't fork
299
a new process. The command exits if the session terminates.
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`-p NAME_OR_NUMBER'
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Preselect a window. This is usefull when you want to reattach to a
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specific windor or you want to send a command via the `-X' option
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to a specific window. As with screen's select commant, `-' selects
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the blank window. As a special case for reattach, `=' brings up
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the windowlist on the blank window.
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`-q'
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Suppress printing of error messages. In combination with `-ls' the
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exit value is set as follows: 9 indicates a directory without
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sessions. 10 indicates a directory with running but not attachable
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sessions. 11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions. In
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combination with `-r' the exit value is as follows: 10 indicates
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that there is no session to resume. 12 (or more) indicates that
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there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume and you should specify
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which one to choose. In all other cases `-q' has no effect.
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`-r [PID.SESSIONNAME]'
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`-r SESSIONOWNER/[PID.SESSIONNAME]'
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Resume a detached `screen' session. No other options (except
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combinations with `-d' or `-D') may be specified, though the
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session name (*note Session Name::) may be needed to distinguish
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between multiple detached `screen' sessions. The second form is
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used to connect to another user's screen session which runs in
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multiuser mode. This indicates that screen should look for
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sessions in another user's directory. This requires setuid-root.
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`-R'
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Resume the first appropriate detached `screen' session. If
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successful, all other command-line options are ignored. If no
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detached session exists, start a new session using the specified
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options, just as if `-R' had not been specified. This option is
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set by default if screen is run as a login-shell (actually screen
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uses `-xRR' in that case). For combinations with the `-D'/`-d'
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option see there.
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`-s PROGRAM'
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Set the default shell to be PROGRAM. By default, `screen' uses
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the value of the environment variable `$SHELL', or `/bin/sh' if it
340
is not defined. This option is equivalent to the `shell' command
341
(*note Shell::).
342
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`-S SESSIONNAME'
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Set the name of the new session to SESSIONNAME. This option can
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be used to specify a meaningful name for the session in place of
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the default TTY.HOST suffix. This name identifies the session for
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the `screen -list' and `screen -r' commands. This option is
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equivalent to the `sessionname' command (*note Session Name::).
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350
`-t NAME'
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Set the title (name) for the default shell or specified program.
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This option is equivalent to the `shelltitle' command (*note
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Shell::).
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`-U'
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Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your
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terminal sends and understands UTF-8 encoded characters. It also
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sets the default encoding for new windows to `utf8'.
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`-v'
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Print the version number.
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`-wipe [MATCH]'
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List available screens like `screen -ls', but remove destroyed
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sessions instead of marking them as `dead'. An unreachable
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session is considered dead, when its name matches either the name
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of the local host, or the explicitly given parameter, if any. See
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the `-r' flag for a description how to construct matches.
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`-x'
371
Attach to a session which is already attached elsewhere
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(multi-display mode).
373
374
`-X'
375
Send the specified command to a running screen session. You can use
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the `-d' or `-r' option to tell screen to look only for attached
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or detached screen sessions. Note that this command doesn't work
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if the session is password protected.
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File: screen.info, Node: Customization, Next: Commands, Prev: Invoking Screen, Up: Top
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Customizing `Screen'
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********************
386
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You can modify the default settings for `screen' to fit your tastes
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either through a personal `.screenrc' file which contains commands to
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be executed at startup, or on the fly using the `colon' command.
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* Menu:
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* Startup Files:: The `.screenrc' file.
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* Source:: Read commands from a file.
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* Colon:: Entering customization commands interactively.
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File: screen.info, Node: Startup Files, Next: Source, Up: Customization
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The `.screenrc' file
401
====================
402
403
When `screen' is invoked, it executes initialization commands from
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the files `.screenrc' in the user's home directory and
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`/usr/local/etc/screenrc'. These defaults can be overridden in the
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following ways: For the global screenrc file `screen' searches for the
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environment variable `$SYSSCREENRC' (this override feature may be
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disabled at compile-time). The user specific screenrc file is searched
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for in `$SCREENRC', then ``$HOME'/.screenrc'. The command line option
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`-c' specifies which file to use (*note Invoking Screen::. Commands in
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these files are used to set options, bind commands to keys, and to
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automatically establish one or more windows at the beginning of your
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`screen' session. Commands are listed one per line, with empty lines
414
being ignored. A command's arguments are separated by tabs or spaces,
415
and may be surrounded by single or double quotes. A `#' turns the rest
416
of the line into a comment, except in quotes. Unintelligible lines are
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warned about and ignored. Commands may contain references to
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environment variables. The syntax is the shell-like `$VAR' or
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`${VAR}'. Note that this causes incompatibility with previous `screen'
420
versions, as now the '$'-character has to be protected with '\' if no
421
variable substitution is intended. A string in single-quotes is also
422
protected from variable substitution.
423
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Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your screen
425
distribution: `etc/screenrc' and `etc/etcscreenrc'. They contain a
426
number of useful examples for various commands.
427
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File: screen.info, Node: Source, Next: Colon, Prev: Startup Files, Up: Customization
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431
Source
432
======
433
434
- Command: source file
435
(none)
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Read and execute commands from file FILE. Source commands may be
437
nested to a maximum recursion level of ten. If FILE is not an
438
absolute path and screen is already processing a source
439
command, the parent directory of the running source command file
440
is used to search for the new command file before screen's
441
current directory.
442
443
Note that termcap/terminfo/termcapinfo commands only work at
444
startup and reattach time, so they must be reached via the
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default screenrc files to have an effect.
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File: screen.info, Node: Colon, Prev: Source, Up: Customization
449
450
Colon
451
=====
452
453
Customization can also be done online, with this command:
454
455
- Command: colon
456
(`C-a :')
457
Allows you to enter `.screenrc' command lines. Useful for
458
on-the-fly modification of key bindings, specific window creation
459
and changing settings. Note that the `set' keyword no longer
460
exists, as of version 3.3. Change default settings with commands
461
starting with `def'. You might think of this as the `ex' command
462
mode of `screen', with `copy' as its `vi' command mode (*note Copy
463
and Paste::).
464
465
466
File: screen.info, Node: Commands, Next: New Window, Prev: Customization, Up: Top
467
468
Commands
469
********
470
471
A command in `screen' can either be bound to a key, invoked from a
472
screenrc file, or called from the `colon' prompt (*note
473
Customization::). As of version 3.3, all commands can be bound to
474
keys, although some may be less useful than others. For a number of
475
real life working examples of the most important commands see the files
476
`etc/screenrc' and `etc/etcscreenrc' of your screen distribution.
477
478
In this manual, a command definition looks like this:
479
480
- Command: command [-n] ARG1 [ARG2] ...
481
(KEYBINDINGS)
482
This command does something, but I can't remember what.
483
484
An argument in square brackets (`[]') is optional. Many commands
485
take an argument of `on' or `off', which is indicated as STATE in the
486
definition.
487
488
* Menu:
489
490
* Default Key Bindings:: `screen' keyboard commands.
491
* Command Summary:: List of all commands.
492
493
494
File: screen.info, Node: Default Key Bindings, Next: Command Summary, Up: Commands
495
496
Default Key Bindings
497
====================
498
499
As mentioned previously, each keyboard command consists of a `C-a'
500
followed by one other character. For your convenience, all commands
501
that are bound to lower-case letters are also bound to their control
502
character counterparts (with the exception of `C-a a'; see below).
503
Thus, both `C-a c' and `C-a C-c' can be used to create a window.
504
505
The following table shows the default key bindings:
506
507
`C-a ''
508
(select)
509
Prompt for a window identifier and switch. *Note Selecting::.
510
511
`C-a "'
512
(windowlist -b)
513
Present a list of all windows for selection. *Note Selecting::.
514
515
`C-a 0...9, -'
516
(select 0...select 9, select -)
517
Switch to window number 0...9, or the blank window. *Note
518
Selecting::.
519
520
`C-a <Tab>'
521
(focus)
522
Switch the input focus to the next region. *Note Regions::.
523
524
`C-a C-a'
525
(other)
526
Toggle to the window displayed previously. If this window does no
527
longer exist, `other' has the same effect as `next'. *Note
528
Selecting::.
529
530
`C-a a'
531
(meta)
532
Send the command character (C-a) to window. See `escape' command.
533
*Note Command Character::.
534
535
`C-a A'
536
(title)
537
Allow the user to enter a title for the current window. *Note
538
Naming Windows::.
539
540
`C-a b'
541
`C-a C-b'
542
(break)
543
Send a break to the tty. *Note Break::.
544
545
`C-a B'
546
(pow_break)
547
Close and reopen the tty-line. *Note Break::.
548
549
`C-a c'
550
`C-a C-c'
551
(screen)
552
Create a new window with a shell and switch to that window. *Note
553
Screen Command::.
554
555
`C-a C'
556
(clear)
557
Clear the screen. *Note Clear::.
558
559
`C-a d'
560
`C-a C-d'
561
(detach)
562
Detach `screen' from this terminal. *Note Detach::.
563
564
`C-a D D'
565
(pow_detach)
566
Detach and logout. *Note Power Detach::.
567
568
`C-a f'
569
`C-a C-f'
570
(flow)
571
Cycle flow among `on', `off' or `auto'. *Note Flow::.
572
573
`C-a F'
574
(fit)
575
Resize the window to the current region size. *Note Window Size::.
576
577
`C-a C-g'
578
(vbell)
579
Toggle visual bell mode. *Note Bell::.
580
581
`C-a h'
582
(hardcopy)
583
Write a hardcopy of the current window to the file "hardcopy.N".
584
*Note Hardcopy::.
585
586
`C-a H'
587
(log)
588
Toggle logging of the current window to the file "screenlog.N".
589
*Note Log::.
590
591
`C-a i'
592
`C-a C-i'
593
(info)
594
Show info about the current window. *Note Info::.
595
596
`C-a k'
597
`C-a C-k'
598
(kill)
599
Destroy the current window. *Note Kill::.
600
601
`C-a l'
602
`C-a C-l'
603
(redisplay)
604
Fully refresh the current window. *Note Redisplay::.
605
606
`C-a L'
607
(login)
608
Toggle the current window's login state. *Note Login::.
609
610
`C-a m'
611
`C-a C-m'
612
(lastmsg)
613
Repeat the last message displayed in the message line. *Note Last
614
Message::.
615
616
`C-a M'
617
(monitor) Toggle monitoring of the current window. *Note
618
Monitor::.
619
620
`C-a <SPC>'
621
`C-a n'
622
`C-a C-n'
623
(next)
624
Switch to the next window. *Note Selecting::.
625
626
`C-a N'
627
(number)
628
Show the number (and title) of the current window. *Note Number::.
629
630
`C-a p'
631
`C-a C-p'
632
`C-a C-h'
633
`C-a <BackSpace>'
634
(prev)
635
Switch to the previous window (opposite of `C-a n'). *Note
636
Selecting::.
637
638
`C-a q'
639
`C-a C-q'
640
(xon)
641
Send a ^Q (ASCII XON) to the current window. *Note XON/XOFF::.
642
643
`C-a Q'
644
(only)
645
Delete all regions but the current one. *Note Regions::.
646
647
`C-a r'
648
`C-a C-r'
649
(wrap)
650
Toggle the current window's line-wrap setting (turn the current
651
window's automatic margins on or off). *Note Wrap::.
652
653
`C-a s'
654
`C-a C-s'
655
(xoff)
656
Send a ^S (ASCII XOFF) to the current window. *Note XON/XOFF::.
657
658
`C-a S'
659
(split)
660
Split the current region into two new ones. *Note Regions::.
661
662
`C-a t'
663
`C-a C-t'
664
(time)
665
Show the load average and xref. *Note Time::.
666
667
`C-a v'
668
(version)
669
Display the version and compilation date. *Note Version::.
670
671
`C-a C-v'
672
(digraph)
673
Enter digraph. *Note Digraph::.
674
675
`C-a w'
676
`C-a C-w'
677
(windows)
678
Show a list of active windows. *Note Windows::.
679
680
`C-a W'
681
(width)
682
Toggle between 80 and 132 columns. *Note Window Size::.
683
684
`C-a x'
685
`C-a C-x'
686
(lockscreen)
687
Lock your terminal. *Note Lock::.
688
689
`C-a X'
690
(remove)
691
Kill the current region. *Note Regions::.
692
693
`C-a z'
694
`C-a C-z'
695
(suspend)
696
Suspend `screen'. *Note Suspend::.
697
698
`C-a Z'
699
(reset)
700
Reset the virtual terminal to its "power-on" values. *Note
701
Reset::.
702
703
`C-a .'
704
(dumptermcap)
705
Write out a `.termcap' file. *Note Dump Termcap::.
706
707
`C-a ?'
708
(help)
709
Show key bindings. *Note Help::.
710
711
`C-a C-\'
712
(quit)
713
Kill all windows and terminate `screen'. *Note Quit::.
714
715
`C-a :'
716
(colon)
717
Enter a command line. *Note Colon::.
718
719
`C-a ['
720
`C-a C-['
721
`C-a <ESC>'
722
(copy)
723
Enter copy/scrollback mode. *Note Copy::.
724
725
`C-a ]'
726
`C-a C-]'
727
(paste .)
728
Write the contents of the paste buffer to the stdin queue of the
729
current window. *Note Paste::.
730
731
`C-a {'
732
`C-a }'
733
(history)
734
Copy and paste a previous (command) line. *Note History::.
735
736
`C-a >'
737
(writebuf)
738
Write the paste buffer out to the screen-exchange file. *Note
739
Screen Exchange::.
740
741
`C-a <'
742
(readbuf)
743
Read the screen-exchange file into the paste buffer. *Note Screen
744
Exchange::.
745
746
`C-a ='
747
(removebuf)
748
Delete the screen-exchange file. *Note Screen Exchange::.
749
750
`C-a _'
751
(silence)
752
Start/stop monitoring the current window for inactivity. *Note
753
Silence::,
754
755
`C-a ,'
756
(license)
757
Show the copyright page.
758
759
`C-a *'
760
(displays)
761
Show the listing of attached displays.
762
763
764
File: screen.info, Node: Command Summary, Prev: Default Key Bindings, Up: Commands
765
766
Command Summary
767
===============
768
769
`acladd USERNAMES'
770
Allow other users in this session. *Note Multiuser Session::.
771
772
`aclchg USERNAMES PERMBITS LIST'
773
Change a user's permissions. *Note Multiuser Session::.
774
775
`acldel USERNAME'
776
Disallow other user in this session. *Note Multiuser Session::.
777
778
`aclgrp USRNAME [GROUPNAME]'
779
Inherit permissions granted to a group leader. *Note Multiuser
780
Session::.
781
782
`aclumask [USERS]+/-BITS ...'
783
Predefine access to new windows. *Note Umask::.
784
785
`activity MESSAGE'
786
Set the activity notification message. *Note Monitor::.
787
788
`addacl USERNAMES'
789
Synonym to `acladd'. *Note Multiuser Session::.
790
791
`allpartial STATE'
792
Set all windows to partial refresh. *Note Redisplay::.
793
794
`altscreen STATE'
795
Enables support for the "alternate screen" terminal capability.
796
*Note Redisplay::.
797
798
`at [IDENT][#|*|%] COMMAND [ARGS]'
799
Execute a command at other displays or windows. *Note At::.
800
801
`attrcolor ATTRIB [ATTRIBUTE/COLOR-MODIFIER]'
802
Map attributes to colors. *Note Attrcolor::.
803
804
`autodetach STATE'
805
Automatically detach the session on SIGHUP. *Note Detach::.
806
807
`autonuke STATE'
808
Enable a clear screen to discard unwritten output. *Note
809
Autonuke::.
810
811
`backtick ID LIFESPAN AUTOREFRESH COMMAND [ARGS]'
812
Define a command for the backtick string escape. *Note Backtick::.
813
814
`bce [STATE]'
815
Change background color erase. *Note Character Processing::.
816
817
`bell_msg [MESSAGE]'
818
Set the bell notification message. *Note Bell::.
819
820
`bind [-c CLASS] KEY [COMMAND [ARGS]]'
821
Bind a command to a key. *Note Bind::.
822
823
`bindkey [OPTS] [STRING [CMD ARGS]]'
824
Bind a string to a series of keystrokes. *Note Bindkey::.
825
826
`blanker'
827
Blank the screen. *Note Screen Saver::.
828
829
`blankerprg'
830
Define a blanker program. *Note Screen Saver::.
831
832
`break [DURATION]'
833
Send a break signal to the current window. *Note Break::.
834
835
`breaktype [TCSENDBREAK | TCSBRK | TIOCSBRK]'
836
Specify how to generate breaks. *Note Break::.
837
838
`bufferfile [EXCHANGE-FILE]'
839
Select a file for screen-exchange. *Note Screen Exchange::.
840
841
`c1 [STATE]'
842
Change c1 code processing. *Note Character Processing::.
843
844
`caption MODE [STRING]'
845
Change caption mode and string. *Note Regions::.
846
847
`chacl USERNAMES PERMBITS LIST'
848
Synonym to `aclchg'. *Note Multiuser Session::.
849
850
`charset SET'
851
Change character set slot designation. *Note Character
852
Processing::.
853
854
`chdir [DIRECTORY]'
855
Change the current directory for future windows. *Note Chdir::.
856
857
`clear'
858
Clear the window screen. *Note Clear::.
859
860
`colon'
861
Enter a `screen' command. *Note Colon::.
862
863
`command [-c CLASS]'
864
Simulate the screen escape key. *Note Command Character::.
865
866
`compacthist [STATE]'
867
Selects compaction of trailing empty lines. *Note Scrollback::.
868
869
`console [STATE]'
870
Grab or ungrab console output. *Note Console::.
871
872
`copy'
873
Enter copy mode. *Note Copy::.
874
875
`copy_reg [KEY]'
876
Removed. Use `paste' instead. *Note Registers::.
877
878
`crlf STATE'
879
Select line break behavior for copying. *Note Line Termination::.
880
881
`debug STATE'
882
Suppress/allow debugging output. *Note Debug::.
883
884
`defautonuke STATE'
885
Select default autonuke behavior. *Note Autonuke::.
886
887
`defbce STATE'
888
Select background color erase. *Note Character Processing::.
889
890
`defbreaktype [TCSENDBREAK | TCSBRK | TIOCSBRK]'
891
Specify the default for generating breaks. *Note Break::.
892
893
`defc1 STATE'
894
Select default c1 processing behavior. *Note Character
895
Processing::.
896
897
`defcharset [SET]'
898
Change defaul character set slot designation. *Note Character
899
Processing::.
900
901
`defencoding ENC'
902
Select default window encoding. *Note Character Processing::.
903
904
`defescape XY'
905
Set the default command and `meta' characters. *Note Command
906
Character::.
907
908
`defflow FSTATE'
909
Select default flow control behavior. *Note Flow::.
910
911
`defgr STATE'
912
Select default GR processing behavior. *Note Character
913
Processing::.
914
915
`defhstatus [STATUS]'
916
Select default window hardstatus line. *Note Hardstatus::.
917
918
`deflog STATE'
919
Select default window logging behavior. *Note Log::.
920
921
`deflogin STATE'
922
Select default utmp logging behavior. *Note Login::.
923
924
`defmode MODE'
925
Select default file mode for ptys. *Note Mode::.
926
927
`defmonitor STATE'
928
Select default activity monitoring behavior. *Note Monitor::.
929
930
`defnonblock STATE|NUMSECS'
931
Select default nonblock mode. *Note Nonblock::.
932
933
`defobuflimit LIMIT'
934
Select default output buffer limit. *Note Obuflimit::.
935
936
`defscrollback NUM'
937
Set default lines of scrollback. *Note Scrollback::.
938
939
`defshell COMMAND'
940
Set the default program for new windows. *Note Shell::.
941
942
`defsilence STATE'
943
Select default idle monitoring behavior. *Note Silence::.
944
945
`defslowpaste MSEC'
946
Select the default inter-character timeout when pasting. *Note
947
Paste::.
948
949
`defutf8 STATE'
950
Select default character encoding. *Note Character Processing::.
951
952
`defwrap STATE'
953
Set default line-wrapping behavior. *Note Wrap::.
954
955
`defwritelock ON|OFF|AUTO'
956
Set default writelock behavior. *Note Multiuser Session::.
957
958
`defzombie [KEYS]'
959
Keep dead windows. *Note Zombie::.
960
961
`detach [-h]'
962
Disconnect `screen' from the terminal. *Note Detach::.
963
964
`digraph'
965
Enter digraph sequence. *Note Digraph::.
966
967
`dinfo'
968
Display terminal information. *Note Info::.
969
970
`displays'
971
List currently active user interfaces. *Note Displays::.
972
973
`dumptermcap'
974
Write the window's termcap entry to a file. *Note Dump Termcap::.
975
976
`echo [-n] MESSAGE'
977
Display a message on startup. *Note Startup::.
978
979
`encoding ENC [DENC]'
980
Set the encoding of a window. *Note Character Processing::.
981
982
`escape XY'
983
Set the command and `meta' characters. *Note Command Character::.
984
985
`eval COMMAND1 [COMMAND2 ...]'
986
Parse and execute each argument. *Note Eval::.
987
988
`exec [[FDPAT] COMMAND [ARGS ...]]'
989
Run a subprocess (filter). *Note Exec::.
990
991
`fit'
992
Change window size to current display size. *Note Window Size::.
993
994
`flow [FSTATE]'
995
Set flow control behavior. *Note Flow::.
996
997
`focus'
998
Move focus to next region. *Note Regions::.
999
1000
`gr [STATE]'
1001
Change GR charset processing. *Note Character Processing::.
1002
1003
`hardcopy [-h] [FILE]'
1004
Write out the contents of the current window. *Note Hardcopy::.
1005
1006
`hardcopy_append STATE'
1007
Append to hardcopy files. *Note Hardcopy::.
1008
1009
`hardcopydir DIRECTORY'
1010
Place, where to dump hardcopy files. *Note Hardcopy::.
1011
1012
`hardstatus [STATE]'
1013
Use the hardware status line. *Note Hardware Status Line::.
1014
1015
`height [LINES [COLS]]'
1016
Set display height. *Note Window Size::.
1017
1018
`help [-c CLASS]'
1019
Display current key bindings. *Note Help::.
1020
1021
`history'
1022
Find previous command beginning .... *Note History::.
1023
1024
`hstatus STATUS'
1025
Change the window's hardstatus line. *Note Hardstatus::.
1026
1027
`idle [TIMEOUT [CMD ARGS]]'
1028
Define a screen saver command. *Note Screen Saver::.
1029
1030
`ignorecase [STATE]'
1031
Ignore character case in searches. *Note Searching::.
1032
1033
`info'
1034
Display window settings. *Note Info::.
1035
1036
`ins_reg [KEY]'
1037
Removed, use `paste' instead. *Note Registers::.
1038
1039
`kill'
1040
Destroy the current window. *Note Kill::.
1041
1042
`lastmsg'
1043
Redisplay the last message. *Note Last Message::.
1044
1045
`license'
1046
Display licensing information. *Note Startup::.
1047
1048
`lockscreen'
1049
Lock the controlling terminal. *Note Lock::.
1050
1051
`log [STATE]'
1052
Log all output in the current window. *Note Log::.
1053
1054
`logfile FILENAME'
1055
Place where to collect logfiles. *Note Log::.
1056
1057
`login [STATE]'
1058
Log the window in `/etc/utmp'. *Note Login::.
1059
1060
`logtstamp [STATE]'
1061
Configure logfile time-stamps. *Note Log::.
1062
1063
`mapdefault'
1064
Use only the default mapping table for the next keystroke. *Note
1065
Bindkey Control::.
1066
1067
`mapnotnext'
1068
Don't try to do keymapping on the next keystroke. *Note Bindkey
1069
Control::.
1070
1071
`maptimeout TIMO'
1072
Set the inter-character timeout used for keymapping. *Note Bindkey
1073
Control::.
1074
1075
`markkeys STRING'
1076
Rebind keys in copy mode. *Note Copy Mode Keys::.
1077
1078
`maxwin N'
1079
Set the maximum window number. *Note Maxwin::.
1080
1081
`meta'
1082
Insert the command character. *Note Command Character::.
1083
1084
`monitor [STATE]'
1085
Monitor activity in window. *Note Monitor::.
1086
1087
`msgminwait SEC'
1088
Set minimum message wait. *Note Message Wait::.
1089
1090
`msgwait SEC'
1091
Set default message wait. *Note Message Wait::.
1092
1093
`multiuser STATE'
1094
Go into single or multi user mode. *Note Multiuser Session::.
1095
1096
`nethack STATE'
1097
Use `nethack'-like error messages. *Note Nethack::.
1098
1099
`next'
1100
Switch to the next window. *Note Selecting::.
1101
1102
`nonblock [STATE|NUMSECS]'
1103
Disable flow control to the current display. *Note
1104
Nonblock::.|NUMSECS]
1105
1106
`number [N]'
1107
Change/display the current window's number. *Note Number::.
1108
1109
`obuflimit [LIMIT]'
1110
Select output buffer limit. *Note Obuflimit::.
1111
1112
`only'
1113
Kill all other regions. *Note Regions::.
1114
1115
`other'
1116
Switch to the window you were in last. *Note Selecting::.
1117
1118
`partial STATE'
1119
Set window to partial refresh. *Note Redisplay::.
1120
1121
`password [CRYPTED_PW]'
1122
Set reattach password. *Note Detach::.
1123
1124
`paste [SRC_REGS [DEST_REG]]'
1125
Paste contents of paste buffer or registers somewhere. *Note
1126
Paste::.
1127
1128
`pastefont [STATE]'
1129
Include font information in the paste buffer. *Note Paste::.
1130
1131
`pow_break'
1132
Close and Reopen the window's terminal. *Note Break::.
1133
1134
`pow_detach'
1135
Detach and hang up. *Note Power Detach::.
1136
1137
`pow_detach_msg [MESSAGE]'
1138
Set message displayed on `pow_detach'. *Note Power Detach::.
1139
1140
`prev'
1141
Switch to the previous window. *Note Selecting::.
1142
1143
`printcmd [CMD]'
1144
Set a command for VT100 printer port emulation. *Note Printcmd::.
1145
1146
`process [KEY]'
1147
Treat a register as input to `screen'. *Note Registers::.
1148
1149
`quit'
1150
Kill all windows and exit. *Note Quit::.
1151
1152
`readbuf [-e ENCODING] [FILENAME]'
1153
Read the paste buffer from the screen-exchange file. *Note Screen
1154
Exchange::.
1155
1156
`readreg [-e ENCODING] [REG [FILE]]'
1157
Load a register from paste buffer or file. *Note Registers::.
1158
1159
`redisplay'
1160
Redisplay the current window. *Note Redisplay::.
1161
1162
`register [-e ENCODING] KEY STRING'
1163
Store a string to a register. *Note Registers::.
1164
1165
`remove'
1166
Kill current region. *Note Regions::.
1167
1168
`removebuf'
1169
Delete the screen-exchange file. *Note Screen Exchange::.
1170
1171
`reset'
1172
Reset the terminal settings for the window. *Note Reset::.
1173
1174
`resize [(+/-)lines]'
1175
Grow or shrink a region
1176
1177
`screen [OPTS] [N] [CMD [ARGS]]'
1178
Create a new window. *Note Screen Command::.
1179
1180
`scrollback NUM'
1181
Set size of scrollback buffer. *Note Scrollback::.
1182
1183
`select [N]'
1184
Switch to a specified window. *Note Selecting::.
1185
1186
`sessionname [NAME]'
1187
Name this session. *Note Session Name::.
1188
1189
`setenv [VAR [STRING]]'
1190
Set an environment variable for new windows. *Note Setenv::.
1191
1192
`setsid STATE'
1193
Controll process group creation for windows. *Note Setsid::.
1194
1195
`shell COMMAND'
1196
Set the default program for new windows. *Note Shell::.
1197
1198
`shelltitle TITLE'
1199
Set the default name for new windows. *Note Shell::.
1200
1201
`silence [STATE|SECONDS]'
1202
Monitor a window for inactivity. *Note Silence::.
1203
1204
`silencewait SECONDS'
1205
Default timeout to trigger an inactivity notify. *Note Silence::.
1206
1207
`sleep NUM'
1208
Pause during startup. *Note Startup::.
1209
1210
`slowpaste MSEC'
1211
Slow down pasting in windows. *Note Paste::.
1212
1213
`source FILE'
1214
Run commands from a file. *Note Source::.
1215
1216
`sorendition [ATTR [COLOR]]'
1217
Change text highlighting. *Note Sorendition::.
1218
1219
`split'
1220
Split region into two parts. *Note Regions::.
1221
1222
`startup_message STATE'
1223
Display copyright notice on startup. *Note Startup::.
1224
1225
`stuff STRING'
1226
Stuff a string in the input buffer of a window. *Note Paste::.
1227
1228
`su [USERNAME [PASSWORD [PASSWORD2]]]'
1229
Identify a user. *Note Multiuser Session::.
1230
1231
`suspend'
1232
Put session in background. *Note Suspend::.
1233
1234
`term TERM'
1235
Set `$TERM' for new windows. *Note Term::.
1236
1237
`termcap TERM TERMINAL-TWEAKS [WINDOW-TWEAKS]'
1238
Tweak termcap entries for best performance. *Note Termcap
1239
Syntax::.
1240
1241
`terminfo TERM TERMINAL-TWEAKS [WINDOW-TWEAKS]'
1242
Ditto, for terminfo systems. *Note Termcap Syntax::.
1243
1244
`termcapinfo TERM TERMINAL-TWEAKS [WINDOW-TWEAKS]'
1245
Ditto, for both systems. *Note Termcap Syntax::.
1246
1247
`time [STRING]'
1248
Display time and load average. *Note Time::.
1249
1250
`title [WINDOWTITLE]'
1251
Set the name of the current window. *Note Title Command::.
1252
1253
`umask [USERS]+/-BITS ...'
1254
Synonym to `aclumask'. *Note Umask::.
1255
1256
`unsetenv VAR'
1257
Unset environment variable for new windows. *Note Setenv::.
1258
1259
`utf8 [STATE [DSTATE]]'
1260
Select character encoding of the current window. *Note Character
1261
Processing::.
1262
1263
`vbell [STATE]'
1264
Use visual bell. *Note Bell::.
1265
1266
`vbell_msg [MESSAGE]'
1267
Set vbell message. *Note Bell::.
1268
1269
`vbellwait SEC'
1270
Set delay for vbell message. *Note Bell::.
1271
1272
`version'
1273
Display `screen' version. *Note Version::.
1274
1275
`wall MESSAGE'
1276
Write a message to all displays. *Note Multiuser Session::.
1277
1278
`width [COLS [LINES]]'
1279
Set the width of the window. *Note Window Size::.
1280
1281
`windowlist [-b] | string [STRING] | title [TITLE]'
1282
Present a list of all windows for selection. *Note Windowlist::.
1283
1284
`windows'
1285
List active windows. *Note Windows::.
1286
1287
`wrap [STATE]'
1288
Control line-wrap behavior. *Note Wrap::.
1289
1290
`writebuf [-e ENCODING] [FILENAME]'
1291
Write paste buffer to screen-exchange file. *Note Screen
1292
Exchange::.
1293
1294
`writelock ON|OFF|AUTO'
1295
Grant exclusive write permission. *Note Multiuser Session::.
1296
1297
`xoff'
1298
Send an XOFF character. *Note XON/XOFF::.
1299
1300
`xon'
1301
Send an XON character. *Note XON/XOFF::.
1302
1303
`zmodem [off|auto|catch|pass]'
1304
Define how screen treats zmodem requests. *Note Zmodem::.
1305
1306
`zombie [KEYS]'
1307
Keep dead windows. *Note Zombie::.
1308
1309
1310
File: screen.info, Node: New Window, Next: Selecting, Prev: Commands, Up: Top
1311
1312
New Window
1313
**********
1314
1315
This section describes the commands for creating a new window for
1316
running programs. When a new window is created, the first available
1317
number from the range 0...9 is assigned to it. The number of windows
1318
is limited at compile-time by the MAXWIN configuration parameter.
1319
1320
* Menu:
1321
1322
* Chdir:: Change the working directory for new windows.
1323
* Screen Command:: Create a new window.
1324
* Setenv:: Set environment variables for new windows.
1325
* Shell:: Parameters for shell windows.
1326
* Term:: Set the terminal type for new windows.
1327
* Window Types:: Creating different types of windows.
1328
1329
1330
File: screen.info, Node: Chdir, Next: Screen Command, Up: New Window
1331
1332
Chdir
1333
=====
1334
1335
- Command: chdir [directory]
1336
(none)
1337
Change the current directory of `screen' to the specified directory
1338
or, if called without an argument, to your home directory (the
1339
value of the environment variable `$HOME'). All windows that are
1340
created by means of the `screen' command from within `.screenrc'
1341
or by means of `C-a : screen ...' or `C-a c' use this as their
1342
default directory. Without a `chdir' command, this would be the
1343
directory from which `screen' was invoked. Hardcopy and log files
1344
are always written to the _window's_ default directory, _not_ the
1345
current directory of the process running in the window. You can
1346
use this command multiple times in your `.screenrc' to start
1347
various windows in different default directories, but the last
1348
`chdir' value will affect all the windows you create interactively.
1349
1350
1351
File: screen.info, Node: Screen Command, Next: Setenv, Prev: Chdir, Up: New Window
1352
1353
Screen Command
1354
==============
1355
1356
- Command: screen [opts] [n] [cmd [args]]
1357
(`C-a c', `C-a C-c')
1358
Establish a new window. The flow-control options (`-f', `-fn' and
1359
`-fa'), title option (`-t'), login options (`-l' and `-ln') ,
1360
terminal type option (`-T TERM'), the all-capability-flag (`-a')
1361
and scrollback option (`-h NUM') may be specified with each
1362
command. The option (`-M') turns monitoring on for this window.
1363
The option (`-L') turns output logging on for this window. If an
1364
optional number N in the range 0...9 is given, the window number N
1365
is assigned to the newly created window (or, if this number is
1366
already in-use, the next available number). If a command is
1367
specified after `screen', this command (with the given arguments)
1368
is started in the window; otherwise, a shell is created.
1369
1370
Screen has built in some functionality of `cu' and `telnet'.
1371
*Note Window Types::.
1372
1373
Thus, if your `.screenrc' contains the lines
1374
1375
# example for .screenrc:
1376
screen 1
1377
screen -fn -t foobar 2 -L telnet foobar
1378
1379
`screen' creates a shell window (in window #1) and a window with a
1380
TELNET connection to the machine foobar (with no flow-control using the
1381
title `foobar' in window #2) and will write a logfile `screenlog.2' of
1382
the telnet session. If you do not include any `screen' commands in
1383
your `.screenrc' file, then `screen' defaults to creating a single
1384
shell window, number zero. When the initialization is completed,
1385
`screen' switches to the last window specified in your .screenrc file
1386
or, if none, it opens default window #0.
1387
1388
1389
File: screen.info, Node: Setenv, Next: Shell, Prev: Screen Command, Up: New Window
1390
1391
Setenv
1392
======
1393
1394
- Command: setenv var string
1395
(none)
1396
Set the environment variable VAR to value STRING. If only VAR is
1397
specified, the user will be prompted to enter a value. If no
1398
parameters are specified, the user will be prompted for both
1399
variable and value. The environment is inherited by all
1400
subsequently forked shells.
1401
1402
- Command: unsetenv var
1403
(none)
1404
Unset an environment variable.
1405
1406
1407
File: screen.info, Node: Shell, Next: Term, Prev: Setenv, Up: New Window
1408
1409
Shell
1410
=====
1411
1412
- Command: shell command
1413
- Command: defshell command
1414
(none)
1415
Set the command to be used to create a new shell. This overrides
1416
the value of the environment variable `$SHELL'. This is useful if
1417
you'd like to run a tty-enhancer which is expecting to execute the
1418
program specified in `$SHELL'. If the command begins with a `-'
1419
character, the shell will be started as a login-shell.
1420
1421
`defshell' is currently a synonym to the `shell' command.
1422
1423
- Command: shelltitle title
1424
(none)
1425
Set the title for all shells created during startup or by the C-a
1426
C-c command. *Note Naming Windows::, for details about what
1427
titles are.
1428
1429
1430
File: screen.info, Node: Term, Next: Window Types, Prev: Shell, Up: New Window
1431
1432
Term
1433
====
1434
1435
- Command: term term
1436
(none)
1437
In each window `screen' opens, it sets the `$TERM' variable to
1438
`screen' by default, unless no description for `screen' is
1439
installed in the local termcap or terminfo data base. In that
1440
case it pretends that the terminal emulator is `vt100'. This
1441
won't do much harm, as `screen' is VT100/ANSI compatible. The use
1442
of the `term' command is discouraged for non-default purpose.
1443
That is, one may want to specify special `$TERM' settings (e.g.
1444
vt100) for the next `screen rlogin othermachine' command. Use the
1445
command `screen -T vt100 rlogin othermachine' rather than setting
1446
and resetting the default.
1447
Loggerhead is a web-based interface for Breezy
Version: 2.0.1