352
352
An auxiliary dialog contains detail settings for the atmosphere. Here
353
353
you can set atmospheric pressure and temperature which influence
354
354
refraction (see section~\ref{sec:phenomena:Refraction}), and the
355
opacity factor for extinction, \emph{magnitude loss per airmass} $k$
355
opacity factor $k_v$ for extinction, \emph{magnitude loss per airmass}
356
356
(see section~\ref{sec:phenomena:Extinction}).
359
\subsection{The Deep-Sky Objects (DSO) Tab}
360
360
\label{sec:gui:view:dso}
362
362
\begin{figure}[t]
363
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,trim=0 70 0 0,clip]{view_dialog_dso_tab}
363
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,trim=0 120 0 0,clip]{view_dialog_dso_tab}
364
364
\caption{View Settings Window: DSO Tab}
365
365
\label{fig:gui:view:dso}
369
368
\indexterm{Deep-sky objects} or DSO are extended objects which are
370
external to the solar system, and are not point-sources like stars.
369
external to the solar system, and are not point sources like stars.
371
370
DSO include galaxies, planetary nebulae and star clusters. These
372
371
objects may or may not have images associated with them. Stellarium
373
comes with a catalogue with over 50,000 extended objects containing
374
the combined data from many catalogues, with 200 images. The DSO tab
375
(Fig.~\ref{fig:gui:view:dso}) allows you to specify which catalogs or
376
which object types you are interested in. See chapter~\ref{ch:DSO} for
377
details about the catalog, and how to extend it with your own photographs.
383
\subsection{Markings Tab}
372
comes with a catalogue of over 83,000 extended objects containing
373
the combined data from many catalogues, with 200 images.
375
The DSO tab (Fig.~\ref{fig:gui:view:dso}) allows you to specify which
376
catalogs or which object types you are interested in. This selection
377
will also be respected in other parts of the program,
378
most notably Search (section~\ref{sec:gui:search}) and
379
AstroCalc/WUT (section~\ref{sec:gui:AstroCalc:WUT})
380
will not find objects from catalogs which you have not selected here.
382
See chapter~\ref{ch:DSO} for details about the catalog,
383
and how to extend it with your own photographs.
386
\subsection{The Markings Tab}
384
387
\label{sec:gui:view:markings}
386
389
\begin{figure}[t]
423
426
\emph{Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection}. It preserves the
424
427
area but not the angle. The maximum field of view is 360\degree.
425
428
\item[Hammer-Aitoff] The Hammer projection is an equal-area map
426
projection, described by \name{Ernst Hammer} in 1892 and directly inspired
429
projection, described by \name[Ernst von]{Hammer} (1858--1925) in 1892 and directly inspired
427
430
by the Aitoff projection. The maximum field of view in this mode is
429
432
\item[Sinusoidal] The sinusoidal projection is a
430
433
\emph{pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection}, sometimes
431
434
called the Sanson--Flamsteed or the Mercator equal-area
432
435
projection. Meridians are mapped to sine curves.
433
\item[Mercator] Mercator projection is a cylindrical projection
436
\item[Mercator] Mercator projection is a cylindrical projection developed
437
by \name[Gerardus]{Mercator} (1512--1594)
434
438
which preserves the angles between objects, and the scale around
435
439
an object is the same in all directions. The poles are mapped to
436
440
infinity. The maximum field of view in this mode is 233\degree.
437
441
\item[Miller cylindrical] The Miller cylindrical projection is a
438
modified Mercator projection, proposed by \name{Osborn Maitland Miller}
442
modified Mercator projection, proposed by \name[Osborn Maitland]{Miller}
439
443
(1897--1979) in 1942. The poles are no longer mapped to
441
445
\item[Cylinder] The full name of this simple projection mode is
580
587
to the next item in the list. Hitting the \key{\return} key will go to the
581
588
currently highlighted object and close the search dialog.
583
For example, suppose we want to locate Mimas (a moon of Saturn). After
584
typing the first letter of the name, \emph{m}, Stellarium makes a list
585
of objects whose name contains M: Haumea, Miranda, Umbriel, \ldots
590
For example, suppose we want to locate Saturn's moon Mimas.
591
Type the first letter of the name, \emph{m}, to see a list
592
of objects whose name contains \emph{m}: Hau\emph{m}ea, \emph{M}iranda, U\emph{m}briel, \ldots
587
594
You may want at this point to have Stellarium rather propose object
588
595
names with start with the string you enter. Do that in the Options tab
589
of this panel. Now repeat searching (delete, and re-enter M to start
596
of this panel. Now repeat searching (delete, and re-enter \emph{m} to start
590
597
over). Now the list is shorter and contains only objects which start
591
with M: Maia, Mars, \ldots The first item in this list, Maia, is
598
with \emph{m}: \emph{M}aia, \emph{M}ars, \ldots The first item in this list, Maia, is
592
599
highlighted. Pressing \key{\return} now would go to Maia, but we want
593
600
Mimas. We can either press \key{\tab} a few times to highlight Mimas
594
601
and then hit \key{\return}, or we can continue to type the name until
595
602
it is the first/only object in the list.
598
The Position tab provides a convenient way to enter a set
604
The Position tab (Fig.~\ref{fig:gui:search:position}) provides a convenient way to enter a set
602
The List Search tab allows selection of an object from predefined
603
sets. The number of choices is governed by the loaded plug
604
ins. Simply scroll down the first window to select the type. The name
605
of an object can then be selected from the list. Press \key{\return} and
606
Stellarium will go to that object.
609
The Options tab provides a few settings to fine-tune your search experience.
607
The List Search tab (Fig.~\ref{fig:gui:search:options}) allows selection of an object from predefined
608
sets. The number of choices is governed by the loaded DSO catalogs and plug-ins.
609
Scroll down the first window to select the type. Click on the name
610
and Stellarium will go to that object.
612
The Options tab (Fig.~\ref{fig:gui:search:options}) provides a few settings to fine-tune your search experience.
610
613
When the name of an object to find is typed in the object
611
614
window and you are connected to the internet and ``Extend search'' is
612
615
ticked, Stellarium will search the SIMBAD on-line data bases for its
613
coordinates. You can then click the \button{go} button or press return.
616
coordinates. You can then click the \guibutton{0.6}{bt_search} button or press return.
614
617
Stellarium will point you at that object in the sky even if there is no
615
618
object displayed on the screen. The SIMBAD server being used can be
616
619
selected from the scroll window.
619
622
\section{The Astronomical Calculations Window}
620
623
\label{sec:gui:AstroCalc}
622
\newFeature{V0.15} This window provides advanced functionality and is
623
still in an experimental phase. You can call it by pressing \key{F10}. The Astronomical Calculations window shows four tabs with different functionality.
625
% TODO: Add button on left side.
627
\subsection{Planet Positions}
625
\newFeature{v0.15.0} This window provides advanced functionality, some of which is still in an experimental phase.
626
You can call it by pressing \key{F10} or the button \guibutton{0.6}{btd_astrocalc} on the left menu bar.
627
The Astronomical Calculations window shows six tabs with different functionality.
629
\subsection{The Positions Tab}
628
630
\label{sec:gui:AstroCalc:Positions}
630
Shows J2000.0 positions and magnitudes for all installed planets, planet moons, minor bodies (asteroids, comets, etc.). Clicking on an entry brings the object into focus (Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Positions}).
632
\newFeature{v0.16.0} This tab shows J2000.0 or horizontal positions, magnitudes and additional parameters
633
(e.g.\ surface brightness for deep-sky objects or angular separation for double stars) for various
634
lists of celestial objects above the horizon at the simulated time, filtered by magnitude.
635
Double-clicking on an entry brings the object into focus (Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Positions}).
633
638
\begin{figure}[htbp]
634
639
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.68\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_positions_tab}
635
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Planetary positions.}
640
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Celestial positions}
636
641
\label{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Positions}
639
\subsection{Ephemeris}
644
\subsection{The Ephemeris Tab}
640
645
\label{sec:gui:AstroCalc:Ephemeris}
642
Select an object and start and end time, and compute an ephemeris (list of positions and magnitude evolving over time) for that object. The positions are marked in the sky with yellow circles (Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Ephemeris}). When you click on a date, an orange circle indicates this date. Double-clicking sets the respective date and brings object to focus. You can export the calculated ephemeris into CSV file.
645
\centering\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_ephemeris_tab}
646
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Plot traces of planets.}
647
Select an object, start and end time, and compute an ephemeris (list of positions and magnitudes evolving over time) for that object.
648
The positions are marked in the sky with yellow circles (Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Ephemeris}).
650
When you click on a date, an orange circle indicates this date and/or magnitude.
651
Double-clicking sets the respective date and brings the object to focus.
652
Dates and/or magnitudes will show near position markers when \emph{Show dates} and/or \emph{Show magnitudes} checkboxes are active.
654
You can export the calculated ephemeris into a CSV file.
657
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.92\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_ephemeris_tab}
658
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Plot traces of planets}
647
659
\label{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Ephemeris}
650
\subsection{Phenomena}
662
Another interesting option in this tool: using horizontal coordinates for plotting traces of the Solar system objects.
663
In this mode, the circle marks are not linked to the sky, but to the horizontal coordinate system.
664
For example, you can get an analemma of the Sun for any location (Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Ephemeris:Analemma}),
665
or observe the visibility of Mercury, Venus or a comet in the twilight sky.
668
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.92\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_ephemeris_analemma}
669
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Analemma}
670
\label{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Ephemeris:Analemma}
674
\subsection{The Phenomena Tab}
651
675
\label{sec:gui:AstroCalc:Phenomena}
653
Compute phenomena like conjunctions, oppositions, occultations and eclipses (in special cases) between planetary objects (Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Phenomena}). You can export the calculated conjunctions and oppositions into CSV file.
677
This tab allows you to compute phenomena like conjunctions, oppositions,
678
occultations and eclipses (in special cases) between planetary objects
679
(Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Phenomena}).
680
You can export the calculated phenomena into a CSV file.
655
682
\begin{figure}[htbp]
656
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.68\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_phenomena_tab}
657
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Phenomena.}
683
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.725\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_phenomena_tab}
684
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Phenomena}
658
685
\label{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Phenomena}
662
\subsection{Altitude vs Time}
689
\subsection{The ``Altitude vs.\ Time'' Tab}
663
690
\label{sec:gui:AstroCalc:AltVsTime}
665
\newFeature{V0.15.1} Compute horizontal positions of object and draw it as a graph (Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:AltVsTime}).
692
On this tab you can compute the geometrical altitude of the currently selected object
693
and date and draw it as a graph (Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:AltVsTime}).
667
695
\begin{figure}[htbp]
668
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.68\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_altvstime_tab}
669
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Altitude vs Time.}
696
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.725\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_altvstime_tab}
697
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Altitude vs.\ Time}
670
698
\label{fig:gui:AstroCalc:AltVsTime}
702
\subsection{The Graphs Tab}
703
\label{sec:gui:AstroCalc:Graphs}
706
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_graphs_tab}
707
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): Graphs}
708
\label{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Graphs}
711
\noindent\newFeature{v0.16.0}This tab can show two functions over time for the current year and draw graphs for them in one screen (Figure~\ref{fig:gui:AstroCalc:Graphs}).
714
\item Magnitude vs. Time
716
\item Distance vs. Time
717
\item Elongation vs. Time
718
\item Angular size vs. Time
719
\item Phase angle vs. Time
722
This tool may be very helpful for educational and statistics purposes.%
723
\footnote{The idea for this tool has been obtained from \program{SkytechX}: \url{http://www.skytechx.eu/}}
725
\subsection{The ``What's Up Tonight'' (WUT) Tab}
726
\label{sec:gui:AstroCalc:WUT}
728
The ``What's Up Tonight'' (WUT) tool\newFeature{v0.16.0}%
729
\footnote{This tool has been partially ported from the \program{KStars} planetarium: \url{https://edu.kde.org/kstars/}}
730
displays a list of objects that will be visible at night for the current date and location.
732
%% GZ I think the next sentence does not make sense. There is no other location than the current location, right?
733
%% By default, the Date and Location are taken from the current settings in the Date and Time (see section~\ref{sec:gui:date}) and Location (see section~\ref{sec:gui:location}) windows.
736
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{astrocalc_dialog_wut_tab}
737
\caption{Astronomical Calculations (AstroCalc): What's Up Tonight (WUT)}
738
\label{fig:gui:AstroCalc:WUT}
741
The objects are organized into type categories. Select an object type in the box labeled
742
\emph{Select a Category}, and all objects of that type which are above the horizon on the selected night
743
will be displayed in the box labeled \emph{Matching Objects}. For example, in the screenshot,
744
the Planets category has been selected, and three planets which are up in the selected night are displayed (Jupiter, Mars and Mercury).
746
By default, the WUT will display objects which are above the horizon between sunset and midnight (i.e.\ \emph{in the evening}).
747
You can choose to show objects which are up between midnight and dawn (\emph{in the morning}),
748
\emph{around midnight},
749
or any time between dusk and dawn (\emph{any time tonight}) using the combobox near the top of the window.
750
You can also choose to see only those objects that are brighter than a certain magnitude by
751
setting a minimum magnitude using the \emph{Show objects brighter than magnitude} spinbox.
752
You may center an object from the right list in the sky map just by selecting it.
754
Note that only DSO from catalogs which you have selected in the DSO panel (section~\ref{sec:gui:view:dso}) will be found.
673
759
\section{Help Window}
674
760
\label{sec:gui:help}
676
762
\begin{figure}[htbp]
677
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{help_dialog}
763
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.68\textwidth]{help_dialog}
678
764
\caption{Help Window}
679
765
\label{fig:gui:help}
added
removed
guide/ch_interface.tex
