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* Dummy soundcard for virtual rawmidi devices
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* Copyright (c) 2000 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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* (at your option) any later version.
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* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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* GNU General Public License for more details.
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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* VIRTUAL RAW MIDI DEVICE CARDS
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* This dummy card contains up to 4 virtual rawmidi devices.
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* They are not real rawmidi devices but just associated with sequencer
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* clients, so that any input/output sources can be connected as a raw
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* MIDI device arbitrary.
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* Also, multiple access is allowed to a single rawmidi device.
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* Typical usage is like following:
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* - Load snd-virmidi module.
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* # modprobe snd-virmidi index=2
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* Then, sequencer clients 72:0 to 75:0 will be created, which are
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* mapped from /dev/snd/midiC1D0 to /dev/snd/midiC1D3, respectively.
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* - Connect input/output via aconnect.
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* % aconnect 64:0 72:0 # keyboard input redirection 64:0 -> 72:0
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* % aconnect 72:0 65:0 # output device redirection 72:0 -> 65:0
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* - Run application using a midi device (eg. /dev/snd/midiC1D0)
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#include <linux/init.h>
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#include <linux/wait.h>
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#include <linux/err.h>
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#include <linux/platform_device.h>
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#include <linux/module.h>
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#include <sound/core.h>
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#include <sound/seq_kernel.h>
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#include <sound/seq_virmidi.h>
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#include <sound/initval.h>
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/* hack: OSS defines midi_devs, so undefine it (versioned symbols) */
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MODULE_AUTHOR("Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>");
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MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Dummy soundcard for virtual rawmidi devices");
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MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{ALSA,Virtual rawmidi device}}");
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#define MAX_MIDI_DEVICES 4
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static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX; /* Index 0-MAX */
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static char *id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR; /* ID for this card */
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static bool enable[SNDRV_CARDS] = {1, [1 ... (SNDRV_CARDS - 1)] = 0};
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static int midi_devs[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS - 1)] = 4};
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module_param_array(index, int, NULL, 0444);
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MODULE_PARM_DESC(index, "Index value for virmidi soundcard.");
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module_param_array(id, charp, NULL, 0444);
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MODULE_PARM_DESC(id, "ID string for virmidi soundcard.");
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module_param_array(enable, bool, NULL, 0444);
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MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable this soundcard.");
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module_param_array(midi_devs, int, NULL, 0444);
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MODULE_PARM_DESC(midi_devs, "MIDI devices # (1-4)");
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struct snd_card_virmidi {
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struct snd_card *card;
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struct snd_rawmidi *midi[MAX_MIDI_DEVICES];
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static struct platform_device *devices[SNDRV_CARDS];
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static int snd_virmidi_probe(struct platform_device *devptr)
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struct snd_card *card;
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struct snd_card_virmidi *vmidi;
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err = snd_card_new(&devptr->dev, index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
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sizeof(struct snd_card_virmidi), &card);
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vmidi = card->private_data;
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if (midi_devs[dev] > MAX_MIDI_DEVICES) {
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snd_printk(KERN_WARNING
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"too much midi devices for virmidi %d: force to use %d\n",
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dev, MAX_MIDI_DEVICES);
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midi_devs[dev] = MAX_MIDI_DEVICES;
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for (idx = 0; idx < midi_devs[dev]; idx++) {
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struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
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struct snd_virmidi_dev *rdev;
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err = snd_virmidi_new(card, idx, &rmidi);
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rdev = rmidi->private_data;
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vmidi->midi[idx] = rmidi;
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strcpy(rmidi->name, "Virtual Raw MIDI");
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rdev->seq_mode = SNDRV_VIRMIDI_SEQ_DISPATCH;
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strcpy(card->driver, "VirMIDI");
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strcpy(card->shortname, "VirMIDI");
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sprintf(card->longname, "Virtual MIDI Card %i", dev + 1);
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err = snd_card_register(card);
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platform_set_drvdata(devptr, card);
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static int snd_virmidi_remove(struct platform_device *devptr)
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snd_card_free(platform_get_drvdata(devptr));
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#define SND_VIRMIDI_DRIVER "snd_virmidi"
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static struct platform_driver snd_virmidi_driver = {
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.probe = snd_virmidi_probe,
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.remove = snd_virmidi_remove,
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.name = SND_VIRMIDI_DRIVER,
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static void snd_virmidi_unregister_all(void)
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for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(devices); ++i)
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platform_device_unregister(devices[i]);
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platform_driver_unregister(&snd_virmidi_driver);
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static int __init alsa_card_virmidi_init(void)
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err = platform_driver_register(&snd_virmidi_driver);
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for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++) {
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struct platform_device *device;
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device = platform_device_register_simple(SND_VIRMIDI_DRIVER,
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if (!platform_get_drvdata(device)) {
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platform_device_unregister(device);
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printk(KERN_ERR "Card-VirMIDI soundcard not found or device busy\n");
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snd_virmidi_unregister_all();
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static void __exit alsa_card_virmidi_exit(void)
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snd_virmidi_unregister_all();
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module_init(alsa_card_virmidi_init)
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module_exit(alsa_card_virmidi_exit)