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* driver for Attiny2313 USB LCD display interface
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* see http://ast.m-faq.de/USB-LCD/USB-LCD.htm for schematics
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* Copyright 2005 Till Harbaum <till@harbaum.org>
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* Copyright 2005 The LCD4Linux Team <lcd4linux-devel@users.sourceforge.net>
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* This file is part of LCD4Linux.
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* LCD4Linux is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
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* LCD4Linux is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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* GNU General Public License for more details.
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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* Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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* struct DRIVER drv_LCD2USB
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#include <sys/ioctl.h>
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#include "widget_text.h"
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#include "widget_icon.h"
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#include "widget_bar.h"
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#include "widget_keypad.h"
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#include "drv_generic_text.h"
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#define LCD_USB_VENDOR 0x03eb
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#define LCD_USB_DEVICE 0x7a53
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#define CMD_LCD_ECHO (0<<5)
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#define CMD_LCD_INIT 1
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#define CMD_LCD_COMMAND 2
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#define CMD_LCD_DATA 3
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#define CMD_LCD_BLIGHT 4
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/* target is a bit map for CMD/DATA */
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#define LCD_CTRL_0 (1<<0)
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#define LCD_CTRL_1 (1<<1)
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#define LCD_BOTH (LCD_CTRL_0 | LCD_CTRL_1)
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static char Name[] = "ASTUSB";
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static char *device_id = NULL, *bus_id = NULL;
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static usb_dev_handle *lcd;
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static int controllers = 0;
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extern int got_signal;
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LCD_INIT_INCREASE = 1 << 0,
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LCD_INIT_SHIFT = 1 << 1,
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LCD_INIT_CON = 1 << 2,
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LCD_INIT_BON = 1 << 3,
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LCD_INIT_DSHIFT = 1 << 4,
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LCD_INIT_RSHIFT = 1 << 5,
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LCD_INIT_2LINES = 1 << 6,
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LCD_INIT_FONT = 1 << 7
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/****************************************/
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/*** hardware dependant functions ***/
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/****************************************/
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static int drv_AST_HW_open(char *bus_id, char *device_id)
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struct usb_bus *busses, *bus;
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struct usb_device *dev;
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info("%s: scanning USB for ASTUSB interface ...", Name);
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info("%s: scanning for bus id: %s", Name, bus_id);
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if (device_id != NULL)
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info("%s: scanning for device id: %s", Name, device_id);
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busses = usb_get_busses();
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for (bus = busses; bus; bus = bus->next) {
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/* search this bus if no bus id was given or if this is the given bus id */
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if (!bus_id || (bus_id && !strcasecmp(bus->dirname, bus_id))) {
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for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next) {
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/* search this device if no device id was given or if this is the given device id */
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if (!device_id || (device_id && !strcasecmp(dev->filename, device_id))) {
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if ((dev->descriptor.idVendor == LCD_USB_VENDOR) && (dev->descriptor.idProduct == LCD_USB_DEVICE)) {
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info("%s: found ASTUSB interface on bus %s device %s", Name, bus->dirname, dev->filename);
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if (usb_claim_interface(lcd, 0) < 0) {
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error("%s: usb_claim_interface() failed!", Name);
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static int drv_AST_HW_close(void)
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usb_release_interface(lcd, 0);
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static int drv_AST_HW_data(unsigned char *buffer, short length, int __attribute__ ((unused)) index)
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int request = CMD_LCD_DATA;
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(lcd, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE, request, value, 0 /*index */ , (char *) buffer, length, 1000) < 0) {
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error("%s: USB request failed! Trying to reconnect device.", Name);
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usb_release_interface(lcd, 0);
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/* try to close and reopen connection */
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if (drv_AST_HW_open(bus_id, device_id) < 0) {
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error("%s: could not re-detect ASTUSB USB LCD", Name);
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/* and try to re-send command */
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(lcd, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE, request, value, 0 /*index */ , (char *) buffer, length,
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error("%s: retried USB request failed, aborting!", Name);
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info("%s: Device successfully reconnected.", Name);
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/* send a number of 16 bit words to the lcd2usb interface */
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/* and verify that they are correctly returned by the echo */
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/* command. This may be used to check the reliability of */
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/* the usb interfacing */
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static int drv_AST_HW_cmd(unsigned char cmd, short value, int __attribute__ ((unused)) index)
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unsigned char buffer[2];
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/* send control request and accept return value */
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nBytes = usb_control_msg(lcd,
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USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
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cmd, value, 0 /*index */ , (char *) buffer, sizeof(buffer), 1000);
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error("%s: USB request failed!", Name);
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return buffer[0] + 256 * buffer[1];
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int drv_AST_HW_echo(void)
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for (i = 0; i < ECHO_NUM; i++) {
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val = rand() & 0xff; //8 bit number
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if (usb_control_msg(lcd,
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USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_ENDPOINT_IN,
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CMD_LCD_ECHO, val, 0, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 1000) < 0) {
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error("%s: USB request failed!", Name);
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if (val != buffer[1])
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error("%s: ERROR, %d out of %d echo transfers failed!", Name, errors, ECHO_NUM);
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info("%s: echo test successful", Name);
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* TT = target bit map
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* R = reserved for future use, set to 0
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* LL = number of bytes in transfer - 1
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short drv_AST_LCD_BL(int backlight)
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else if (backlight > 1)
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drv_AST_HW_cmd(CMD_LCD_BLIGHT, backlight, 0);
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static void drv_AST_clear(void)
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drv_AST_HW_cmd(CMD_LCD_COMMAND, 0x01, LCD_BOTH & controllers); /* clear display */
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drv_AST_HW_cmd(CMD_LCD_COMMAND, 0x03, LCD_BOTH & controllers); /* return home */
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static void drv_AST_write(const int row, const int col, const char *data, int len)
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int pos, ctrl = LCD_CTRL_0;
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/* displays with more two rows and 20 columns have a logical width */
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/* of 40 chars and use more than one controller */
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if ((DROWS > 2) && (DCOLS > 20) && (row > 1)) {
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/* use second controller */
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/* 16x4 Displays use a slightly different layout */
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if (DCOLS == 16 && DROWS == 4) {
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pos = (tmpRow % 2) * 64 + (tmpRow / 2) * 16 + col;
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pos = (tmpRow % 2) * 64 + (tmpRow / 2) * 20 + col;
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drv_AST_HW_cmd(CMD_LCD_COMMAND, 0x80 | pos, (ctrl & controllers));
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drv_AST_HW_data((unsigned char *) data, len, (ctrl & controllers));
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static void drv_AST_defchar(const int ascii, const unsigned char *matrix)
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unsigned char buffer[8];
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for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
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buffer[i] = *matrix++ & 0x1f;
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drv_AST_HW_cmd(CMD_LCD_COMMAND, 0x40 | 8 * ascii, LCD_BOTH & controllers);
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drv_AST_HW_data((unsigned char *) buffer, sizeof(buffer), LCD_BOTH & controllers);
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static int drv_AST_start(const char *section, const int quiet)
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// int contrast, brightness;
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int rows = -1, cols = -1;
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s = cfg_get(section, "Size", NULL);
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if (s == NULL || *s == '\0') {
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error("%s: no '%s.Size' entry from %s", Name, section, cfg_source());
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if (sscanf(s, "%dx%d", &cols, &rows) != 2 || rows < 1 || cols < 1) {
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error("%s: bad %s.Size '%s' from %s", Name, section, s, cfg_source());
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/* bus id and device id are strings and not just intergers, since */
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/* the windows port of libusb treats them as strings. And this way */
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/* we keep windows compatibility ... just in case ... */
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bus_id = cfg_get(section, "Bus", NULL);
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device_id = cfg_get(section, "Device", NULL);
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if (drv_AST_HW_open(bus_id, device_id) < 0) {
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error("%s: could not find a ASTUSB USB LCD", Name);
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/* test interface reliability */
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/*low level init of init LCD */
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if (drv_AST_HW_cmd(CMD_LCD_INIT, LCD_INIT_INCREASE | (DROWS > 1 ? LCD_INIT_2LINES : 1), LCD_BOTH & controllers) < 0) {
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error("%s: could not init LCD", Name);
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if (cfg_number(section, "Backlight", 0, 0, 1, &backlight) > 0) {
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info("%s: backlight %s", Name, backlight ? "enabled" : "disabled");
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drv_AST_LCD_BL(backlight);
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drv_AST_clear(); /* clear display */
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qprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s %dx%d", Name, DCOLS, DROWS);
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if (drv_generic_text_greet(buffer, "AST USB-LCD")) {
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/****************************************/
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/****************************************/
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static void plugin_backlight(RESULT * result, RESULT * arg1)
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backlight = drv_AST_LCD_BL(R2N(arg1));
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SetResult(&result, R_NUMBER, &backlight);
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/****************************************/
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/*** widget callbacks ***/
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/****************************************/
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/* using drv_generic_text_draw(W) */
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/* using drv_generic_text_icon_draw(W) */
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/* using drv_generic_text_bar_draw(W) */
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/****************************************/
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/*** exported functions ***/
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/****************************************/
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int drv_AST_list(void)
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printf("ASTUSB display interface");
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/* initialize driver & display */
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int drv_AST_init(const char *section, const int quiet)
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info("%s: %s", Name, "$Rev: 975 $");
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/* display preferences */
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XRES = 5; /* pixel width of one char */
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YRES = 8; /* pixel height of one char */
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CHARS = 8; /* number of user-defineable characters */
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CHAR0 = 0; /* ASCII of first user-defineable char */
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GOTO_COST = 2; /* number of bytes a goto command requires */
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/* real worker functions */
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drv_generic_text_real_write = drv_AST_write;
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drv_generic_text_real_defchar = drv_AST_defchar;
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if ((ret = drv_AST_start(section, quiet)) != 0)
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/* initialize generic text driver */
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if ((ret = drv_generic_text_init(section, Name)) != 0)
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/* initialize generic icon driver */
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if ((ret = drv_generic_text_icon_init()) != 0)
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/* initialize generic bar driver */
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if ((ret = drv_generic_text_bar_init(0)) != 0)
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/* add fixed chars to the bar driver */
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/* most displays have a full block on ascii 255, but some have kind of */
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/* an 'inverted P'. If you specify 'asc255bug 1 in the config, this */
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/* char will not be used, but rendered by the bar driver */
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cfg_number(section, "asc255bug", 0, 0, 1, &asc255bug);
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drv_generic_text_bar_add_segment(0, 0, 255, 32); /* ASCII 32 = blank */
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drv_generic_text_bar_add_segment(255, 255, 255, 255); /* ASCII 255 = block */
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/* register text widget */
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wc.draw = drv_generic_text_draw;
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widget_register(&wc);
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/* register icon widget */
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wc.draw = drv_generic_text_icon_draw;
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widget_register(&wc);
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/* register bar widget */
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wc.draw = drv_generic_text_bar_draw;
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widget_register(&wc);
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/* register plugins */
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// AddFunction("LCD::contrast", 1, plugin_contrast);
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// AddFunction("LCD::brightness", 1, plugin_brightness);
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AddFunction("LCD::backlight", 1, plugin_backlight);
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/* close driver & display */
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int drv_AST_quit(const int quiet)
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info("%s: shutting down.", Name);
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drv_generic_text_quit();
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drv_generic_text_greet("That's all, folks!", NULL);
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debug("closing USB connection");
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DRIVER drv_ASTUSB = {
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.list = drv_AST_list,
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.init = drv_AST_init,
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.quit = drv_AST_quit,
added
removed
drv_ASTUSB.c
