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.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" @(#)disklabel.5.5 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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Each disk or disk pack on a system may contain a disk label
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which provides detailed information
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about the geometry of the disk and the partitions into which the disk
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It should be initialized when the disk is formatted,
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and may be changed later with the
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This information is used by the system disk driver and by the bootstrap
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program to determine how to program the drive
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and where to find the file systems on the disk partitions.
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Additional information is used by the file system in order
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to use the disk most efficiently and to locate important file system information.
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The description of each partition contains an identifier for the partition
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type (standard file system, swap area, etc.).
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The file system updates the in-core copy of the label if it contains
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incomplete information about the file system.
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The label is located in sector number
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of the drive, usually sector 0 where it may be found
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without any information about the disk geometry.
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from the beginning of the sector, to allow room for the initial bootstrap.
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The disk sector containing the label is normally made read-only
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so that it is not accidentally overwritten by pack-to-pack copies
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which is done as needed by the
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A copy of the in-core label for a disk can be obtained with the
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this works with a file descriptor for a block or character (``raw'') device
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for any partition of the disk.
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The in-core copy of the label is set by the
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The offset of a partition cannot generally be changed while it is open,
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nor can it be made smaller while it is open.
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One exception is that any change is allowed if no label was found
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on the disk, and the driver was able to construct only a skeletal label
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without partition information.
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operation sets the in-core label and then updates the on-disk label;
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there must be an existing label on the disk for this operation to succeed.
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Thus, the initial label for a disk or disk pack must be installed
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by writing to the raw disk.
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All of these operations are normally done using
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The format of the disk label, as specified in
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.In sys/disklabel.h ,
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#ifndef _SYS_DISKLABEL_H_
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#define _SYS_DISKLABEL_H_
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/ioccom.h>
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* Disk description table, see disktab(5)
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#define _PATH_DISKTAB "/etc/disktab"
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#define DISKTAB "/etc/disktab" /* deprecated */
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* Each disk has a label which includes information about the hardware
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* disk geometry, file system partitions, and drive specific information.
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* The label is in block 0 or 1, possibly offset from the beginning
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* to leave room for a bootstrap, etc.
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/* XXX these should be defined per controller (or drive) elsewhere, not here! */
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#define LABELSECTOR 1 /* sector containing label */
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#define LABELOFFSET 0 /* offset of label in sector */
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#define LABELSECTOR 0
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#define LABELOFFSET 64
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#define LABELSECTOR 0 /* sector containing label */
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#define LABELOFFSET 64 /* offset of label in sector */
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#define DISKMAGIC ((u_int32_t)0x82564557) /* The disk magic number */
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#ifndef MAXPARTITIONS
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#define MAXPARTITIONS 8
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#define LABEL_PART 2 /* partition containing label */
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#define RAW_PART 2 /* partition containing whole disk */
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#define SWAP_PART 1 /* partition normally containing swap */
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u_int32_t d_magic; /* the magic number */
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u_int16_t d_type; /* drive type */
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u_int16_t d_subtype; /* controller/d_type specific */
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char d_typename[16]; /* type name, e.g. "eagle" */
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char d_packname[16]; /* pack identifier */
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u_int32_t d_secsize; /* # of bytes per sector */
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u_int32_t d_nsectors; /* # of data sectors per track */
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u_int32_t d_ntracks; /* # of tracks per cylinder */
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u_int32_t d_ncylinders; /* # of data cylinders per unit */
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u_int32_t d_secpercyl; /* # of data sectors per cylinder */
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u_int32_t d_secperunit; /* # of data sectors per unit */
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* Spares (bad sector replacements) below are not counted in
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* d_nsectors or d_secpercyl. Spare sectors are assumed to
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* be physical sectors which occupy space at the end of each
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* track and/or cylinder.
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u_int16_t d_sparespertrack; /* # of spare sectors per track */
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u_int16_t d_sparespercyl; /* # of spare sectors per cylinder */
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* Alternate cylinders include maintenance, replacement, configuration
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* description areas, etc.
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u_int32_t d_acylinders; /* # of alt. cylinders per unit */
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/* hardware characteristics: */
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* d_interleave, d_trackskew and d_cylskew describe perturbations
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* in the media format used to compensate for a slow controller.
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* Interleave is physical sector interleave, set up by the
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* formatter or controller when formatting. When interleaving is
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* in use, logically adjacent sectors are not physically
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* contiguous, but instead are separated by some number of
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* sectors. It is specified as the ratio of physical sectors
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* traversed per logical sector. Thus an interleave of 1:1
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* implies contiguous layout, while 2:1 implies that logical
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* sector 0 is separated by one sector from logical sector 1.
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* d_trackskew is the offset of sector 0 on track N relative to
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* sector 0 on track N-1 on the same cylinder. Finally, d_cylskew
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* is the offset of sector 0 on cylinder N relative to sector 0
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u_int16_t d_rpm; /* rotational speed */
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u_int16_t d_interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */
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u_int16_t d_trackskew; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
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u_int16_t d_cylskew; /* sector 0 skew, per cylinder */
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u_int32_t d_headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */
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u_int32_t d_trkseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
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u_int32_t d_flags; /* generic flags */
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u_int32_t d_drivedata[NDDATA]; /* drive-type specific information */
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u_int32_t d_spare[NSPARE]; /* reserved for future use */
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u_int32_t d_magic2; /* the magic number (again) */
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u_int16_t d_checksum; /* xor of data incl. partitions */
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/* file system and partition information: */
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u_int16_t d_npartitions; /* number of partitions in following */
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u_int32_t d_bbsize; /* size of boot area at sn0, bytes */
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u_int32_t d_sbsize; /* max size of fs superblock, bytes */
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struct partition { /* the partition table */
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u_int32_t p_size; /* number of sectors in partition */
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u_int32_t p_offset; /* starting sector */
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u_int32_t p_fsize; /* file system basic fragment size */
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u_int8_t p_fstype; /* file system type, see below */
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u_int8_t p_frag; /* file system fragments per block */
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u_int16_t cpg; /* UFS: FS cylinders per group */
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u_int16_t sgs; /* LFS: FS segment shift */
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#define p_cpg __partition_u1.cpg
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#define p_sgs __partition_u1.sgs
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} d_partitions[MAXPARTITIONS]; /* actually may be more */
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* offsets for asm boot files.
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.set d_end_,276 /* size of disk label */
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#define DTYPE_SMD 1 /* SMD, XSMD; VAX hp/up */
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#define DTYPE_MSCP 2 /* MSCP */
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#define DTYPE_DEC 3 /* other DEC (rk, rl) */
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#define DTYPE_SCSI 4 /* SCSI */
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#define DTYPE_ESDI 5 /* ESDI interface */
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#define DTYPE_ST506 6 /* ST506 etc. */
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#define DTYPE_HPIB 7 /* CS/80 on HP-IB */
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#define DTYPE_HPFL 8 /* HP Fiber-link */
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#define DTYPE_FLOPPY 10 /* floppy */
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#define DTYPE_CCD 11 /* concatenated disk */
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#define DTYPE_VINUM 12 /* vinum volume */
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#define DTYPE_DOC2K 13 /* Msys DiskOnChip */
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#if defined(PC98) && !defined(PC98_ATCOMPAT)
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#define DSTYPE_SEC256 0x80 /* physical sector size=256 */
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static char *dktypenames[] = {
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#define DKMAXTYPES (sizeof(dktypenames) / sizeof(dktypenames[0]) - 1)
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* File system type and version.
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* Used to interpret other file system-specific
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* per-partition information.
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#define FS_UNUSED 0 /* unused */
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#define FS_SWAP 1 /* swap */
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#define FS_V6 2 /* Sixth Edition */
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#define FS_V7 3 /* Seventh Edition */
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#define FS_SYSV 4 /* System V */
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#define FS_V71K 5 /* V7 with 1K blocks (4.1, 2.9) */
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#define FS_V8 6 /* Eighth Edition, 4K blocks */
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#define FS_BSDFFS 7 /* 4.2BSD fast file system */
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#define FS_MSDOS 8 /* MSDOS file system */
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#define FS_BSDLFS 9 /* 4.4BSD log-structured file system */
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#define FS_OTHER 10 /* in use, but unknown/unsupported */
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#define FS_HPFS 11 /* OS/2 high-performance file system */
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#define FS_ISO9660 12 /* ISO 9660, normally CD-ROM */
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#define FS_BOOT 13 /* partition contains bootstrap */
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#define FS_VINUM 14 /* Vinum drive */
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static char *fstypenames[] = {
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#define FSMAXTYPES (sizeof(fstypenames) / sizeof(fstypenames[0]) - 1)
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* flags shared by various drives:
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#define D_REMOVABLE 0x01 /* removable media */
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#define D_ECC 0x02 /* supports ECC */
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#define D_BADSECT 0x04 /* supports bad sector forw. */
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#define D_RAMDISK 0x08 /* disk emulator */
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#define D_CHAIN 0x10 /* can do back-back transfers */
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* Drive data for SMD.
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#define d_smdflags d_drivedata[0]
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#define D_SSE 0x1 /* supports skip sectoring */
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#define d_mindist d_drivedata[1]
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#define d_maxdist d_drivedata[2]
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#define d_sdist d_drivedata[3]
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* Drive data for ST506.
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#define d_precompcyl d_drivedata[0]
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#define d_gap3 d_drivedata[1] /* used only when formatting */
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* Drive data for SCSI.
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#define d_blind d_drivedata[0]
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* Structure used to perform a format or other raw operation, returning
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* data and/or register values. Register identification and format
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* are device- and driver-dependent.
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int df_count; /* value-result */
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int df_reg[8]; /* result */
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* Structure used internally to retrieve information about a partition
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struct disklabel *disklab;
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struct partition *part;
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/* DOS partition table -- located in boot block */
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#if defined(PC98) && !defined(PC98_ATCOMPAT)
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#define DOSBBSECTOR 0 /* DOS boot block relative sector number */
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#define DOSLABELSECTOR 1 /* 0: 256b/s, 1: 512b/s */
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#define DOSPTYP_386BSD 0x94 /* 386BSD partition type */
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#define MBR_PTYPE_FreeBSD 0x94 /* FreeBSD partition type */
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struct dos_partition {
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unsigned char dp_mid;
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#define DOSMID_386BSD (0x14|0x80) /* 386bsd|bootable */
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unsigned char dp_sid;
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#define DOSSID_386BSD (0x44|0x80) /* 386bsd|active */
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unsigned char dp_dum1;
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unsigned char dp_dum2;
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unsigned char dp_ipl_sct;
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unsigned char dp_ipl_head;
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unsigned short dp_ipl_cyl;
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unsigned char dp_ssect; /* starting sector */
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unsigned char dp_shd; /* starting head */
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unsigned short dp_scyl; /* starting cylinder */
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unsigned char dp_esect; /* end sector */
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unsigned char dp_ehd; /* end head */
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unsigned short dp_ecyl; /* end cylinder */
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unsigned char dp_name[16];
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#define DOSBBSECTOR 0 /* DOS boot block relative sector number */
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#define DOSPARTOFF 446
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#define DOSPTYP_386BSD 0xa5 /* 386BSD partition type */
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struct dos_partition {
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unsigned char dp_flag; /* bootstrap flags */
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unsigned char dp_shd; /* starting head */
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unsigned char dp_ssect; /* starting sector */
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unsigned char dp_scyl; /* starting cylinder */
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unsigned char dp_typ; /* partition type */
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unsigned char dp_ehd; /* end head */
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unsigned char dp_esect; /* end sector */
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unsigned char dp_ecyl; /* end cylinder */
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u_int32_t dp_start; /* absolute starting sector number */
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u_int32_t dp_size; /* partition size in sectors */
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#define DPSECT(s) ((s) & 0x3f) /* isolate relevant bits of sector */
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#define DPCYL(c, s) ((c) + (((s) & 0xc0)<<2)) /* and those that are cylinder */
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* Disk-specific ioctls.
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/* get and set disklabel; DIOCGPART used internally */
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#define DIOCGDINFO _IOR('d', 101, struct disklabel)/* get */
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#define DIOCSDINFO _IOW('d', 102, struct disklabel)/* set */
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#define DIOCWDINFO _IOW('d', 103, struct disklabel)/* set, update disk */
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#define DIOCGPART _IOW('d', 104, struct partinfo) /* get partition */
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#define DIOCWLABEL _IOW('d', 109, int) /* write en/disable label */
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* XXX encoding of disk minor numbers, should be elsewhere.
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* See <sys/reboot.h> for a possibly better encoding.
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* "cpio -H newc" can be used to back up device files with large minor
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* numbers (but not ones >= 2^31). Old cpio formats and all tar formats
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* don't have enough bits, and cpio and tar don't notice the lossage.
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* There are also some sign extension bugs.
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1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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_________________________________________________________________
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-----------------------------------------------------------------
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| TYPE |UNIT_2 | SLICE | MAJOR? | UNIT |PART |
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-----------------------------------------------------------------
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#define dkmakeminor(unit, slice, part) \e
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(((slice) << 16) | (((unit) & 0x1e0) << 16) | \e
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(((unit) & 0x1f) << 3) | (part))
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static __inline dev_t
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dkmodpart(dev_t dev, int part)
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return (makedev(major(dev), (minor(dev) & ~7) | part));
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static __inline dev_t
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dkmodslice(dev_t dev, int slice)
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return (makedev(major(dev), (minor(dev) & ~0x1f0000) | (slice << 16)));
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#define dkpart(dev) (minor(dev) & 7)
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#define dkslice(dev) ((minor(dev) >> 16) & 0x1f)
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#define dktype(dev) ((minor(dev) >> 25) & 0x7f)
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static __inline u_int
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return (((minor(dev) >> 16) & 0x1e0) | ((minor(dev) >> 3) & 0x1f));
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struct buf_queue_head;
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int bounds_check_with_label(struct buf *bp, struct disklabel *lp,
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void diskerr(struct buf *bp, char *what, int pri, int blkdone,
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struct disklabel *lp);
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void disksort(struct buf *ap, struct buf *bp);
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u_int dkcksum struct disklabel *lp);
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char *readdisklabel(dev_t dev, struct disklabel *lp);
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void bufqdisksort(struct buf_queue_head *ap, struct buf *bp);
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int setdisklabel(struct disklabel *olp, struct disklabel *nlp,
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int writedisklabel(dev_t dev, struct disklabel *lp);
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void alpha_fix_srm_checksum(struct buf *bp);
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struct disklabel *getdiskbyname(const char *);
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#endif /* !_SYS_DISKLABEL_H_ */
added
removed
sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.5
