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<title>PYRO - Example</title>
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<td align="right">Pyro Manual</td>
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In this chapter you'll find a short but complete example that shows how Pyro must be used
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and how it works. However, much more interesting examples can be found in the <code>examples</code> directory.
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For the real impatient people, I recommend the "quickstart" example, because you'll see that you
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can eliminate very much of the (already little!) extra work you have to do to make a Pyro application.
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<p>For the really impatient, first two minimalist Pyro examples.</p>
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<h3>Minimalist's Pyro - not using a Name Server</h3>
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class JokeGen(Pyro.core.ObjBase):
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Pyro.core.ObjBase.__init__(self)
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return "Sorry "+name+", I don't know any jokes."
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Pyro.core.initServer()
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daemon=Pyro.core.Daemon()
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uri=daemon.connect(JokeGen(),"jokegen")
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print "The daemon runs on port:",daemon.port
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print "The object's uri is:",uri
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# you have to change the URI below to match your own host/port.
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jokes = Pyro.core.getProxyForURI("PYROLOC://localhost:7766/jokegen")
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print jokes.joke("Irmen")
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<h3>Minimalist's Pyro - using a Name Server</h3>
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class JokeGen(Pyro.core.ObjBase):
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Pyro.core.ObjBase.__init__(self)
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return "Sorry "+name+", I don't know any jokes."
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Pyro.core.initServer()
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ns=Pyro.naming.NameServerLocator().getNS()
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daemon=Pyro.core.Daemon()
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daemon.useNameServer(ns)
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uri=daemon.connect(JokeGen(),"jokegen")
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# finds object automatically if you're running the Name Server.
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jokes = Pyro.core.getProxyForURI("PYRONAME://jokegen")
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print jokes.joke("Irmen")
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<h3>There we go with the complete example:</h3>
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<li>Write a module 'testmod.py' containing a class 'testclass', which will be accessed remotely.
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def mul(s, arg1, arg2): return arg1*arg2
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def add(s, arg1, arg2): return arg1+arg2
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def sub(s, arg1, arg2): return arg1-arg2
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def div(s, arg1, arg2): return arg1/arg2
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<li>Write a server, testserver.py, that creates one or more instances of the 'testclass', and registers them with
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the Pyro Name Server.
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from Pyro.errors import PyroError,NamingError
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###### testclass Pyro object
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class testclass(Pyro.core.ObjBase, testmod.testclass):
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###### main server program
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Pyro.core.initServer()
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daemon = Pyro.core.Daemon()
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locator = Pyro.naming.NameServerLocator()
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print 'searching for Name Server...'
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daemon.useNameServer(ns)
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# connect a new object implementation (first unregister previous one)
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# 'test' is the name by which our object will be known to the outside world
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ns.unregister('test')
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# connect new object implementation
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daemon.connect(testclass(),'test')
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# enter the server loop.
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print 'Server object "test" ready.'
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if __name__=="__main__":
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<li>To make it interesting, the shortest client possible looks someting like:
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o=Pyro.core.getProxyForURI('PYRONAME://:Default.test')
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</pre>... But for educational purposes, we use the long way around. Read on.
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<li>Write a client, testclient.py, that will find the Name Server.
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import Pyro.naming, Pyro.core
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from Pyro.errors import NamingError
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locator = Pyro.naming.NameServerLocator()
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print 'Searching Name Server...',
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</pre>(... continued ...)
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<li>Let the client query the NS for the object's URI. Then create a proxy for the remote object. Because the proxy
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appears the same as the real 'testclass', the client can now invoke methods on the remote objects.
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<p>(...continued from above...)</p>
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# resolve the Pyro object
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print 'finding object'
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URI=ns.resolve('test')
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except NamingError,x:
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print 'Couldn\'t find object, nameserver says:',x
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# create a proxy for the Pyro object, and return that
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test = Pyro.core.getProxyForURI(URI)
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print test.mul(111,9)
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print test.add(100,222)
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print test.sub(222,100)
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print test.div(2.0,9.0)
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print test.mul('*',10)
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print test.add('String1','String2')
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<li>Run the application in the network. First, start the Name Server on one computer.
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irmen@atlantis:~ > pyro-ns
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*** Pyro Name Server ***
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Pyro Server Initialized. Using Pyro V3.7
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URI is: PYRO://10.0.0.150:9090/0a00009604005c6282a8a516d79917fd
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URI written to: e:\Pyro_NS_URI
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<li>Start the server on another computer (or in a different shell).
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irmen@atlantis:~/ex > python testserver.py
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Pyro Server Initialized. Using Pyro V3.5
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searching for Name Server...
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Server object "test" ready.
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<li>Finally, run the client on a third computer (or in a different shell).
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irmen@atlantis:~/ex > python testclient.py
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Pyro Client Initialized. Using Pyro V3.5
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Searching Name Server... finding object
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URI: PYRO://10.0.0.150:7766/0a0000960c545c62a91e3021bceb7f26
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<li>You might want to peek in the Name Server:
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irmen@atlantis:~/ex > pyro-nsc listall
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Locator: searching Pyro Name Server...
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NS is at 10.0.0.150 (isengard.lan) port 9090
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-------------- START DATABASE
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:Default.test --> PYRO://10.0.0.150:7766/0a0000960c545c62a91e3021bceb7f26
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:Pyro.NameServer --> PYRO://10.0.0.150:9090/0a00009604005c6282a8a516d79917fd
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<li>And if you're interested you may want to try the logging facility of Pyro. First, set the tracelevel to
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something other than the default, 0. See the chapter on configuration how to do that. Usually you'll set the
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environment variable <code>PYRO_TRACELEVEL</code> to 3 (=maximum logging). Then, when you start Pyro programs (like
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the nameserver), they will write something like this to the logfile:
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------------------------------------------------------------ NEW SESSION
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2005-03-13 13:23:40 Pyro Initializing, version 3.7
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Configuration settings are as follows:
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PYROSSL_CA_CERT = ca.pem
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PYROSSL_CERTDIR = E:\temp\certs
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PYROSSL_CLIENT_CERT = client.pem
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PYROSSL_SERVER_CERT = server.pem
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PYRO_DETAILED_TRACEBACK = 0
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PYRO_ES_BLOCKQUEUE = 1
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PYRO_ES_QUEUESIZE = 1000
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PYRO_LOGFILE = E:\temp\Pyro_log
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PYRO_MAXCONNECTIONS = 200
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PYRO_MULTITHREADED = 1
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PYRO_NS2_BC_PORT = 9091
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PYRO_NS2_HOSTNAME = None
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PYRO_NS_BC_PORT = 9090
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PYRO_NS_DEFAULTGROUP = :Default
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PYRO_NS_HOSTNAME = None
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PYRO_NS_URIFILE = E:\temp\Pyro_NS_URI
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PYRO_PICKLE_FORMAT = 2
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PYRO_PORT_RANGE = 100
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PYRO_PRINT_REMOTE_TRACEBACK = 0
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PYRO_SOCK_KEEPALIVE = 1
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PYRO_STDLOGGING_CFGFILE = logging.cfg
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PYRO_STORAGE = E:\temp
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PYRO_TCP_LISTEN_BACKLOG = 200
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PYRO_USER_LOGFILE = E:\temp\Pyro_userlog
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PYRO_USER_TRACELEVEL = 0
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PYRO_XML_PICKLE = None
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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2005-03-13 13:23:44 [1084:MainThread] ** NOTE ** NameServer ** created group :Pyro
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2005-03-13 13:23:44 [1084:MainThread] ** NOTE ** NameServer ** created group :Default
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2005-03-13 13:23:44 [1084:MainThread] ** NOTE ** NameServer ** Running in single mode
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2005-03-13 13:23:44 [1084:MainThread] ** NOTE ** NameServer ** registered NameServer with URI PYRO://10.0.0.150:9090/0a000096043c5c63117eead5b89ea267
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2005-03-13 13:23:44 [1084:MainThread] ** NOTE ** NameServer ** URI written to E:\temp\Pyro_NS_URI
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2005-03-13 13:23:44 [1084:MainThread] ** NOTE ** NS daemon ** This is the Pyro Name Server.
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2005-03-13 13:23:44 [1084:MainThread] ** NOTE ** NS daemon ** Starting on isengard port 9090 broadcast server on port 9090
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