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Bugzilla::DB::Schema</title>
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<h1>Bugzilla::DB::Schema</h1>
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<div class='indexgroup'>
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<ul class='indexList indexList1'>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#NAME'>NAME</a>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#SYNOPSIS'>SYNOPSIS</a>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#DESCRIPTION'>DESCRIPTION</a>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#NEW_TO_SCHEMA.PM%3F'>NEW TO SCHEMA.PM?</a>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#CONSTANTS'>CONSTANTS</a>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#METHODS'>METHODS</a>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#SERIALIZATION%2FDESERIALIZATION'>SERIALIZATION/DESERIALIZATION</a>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#CLASS_METHODS'>CLASS METHODS</a>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#ABSTRACT_DATA_TYPES'>ABSTRACT DATA TYPES</a>
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<li class='indexItem indexItem1'><a href='#SEE_ALSO'>SEE ALSO</a>
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<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
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<p>Bugzilla::DB::Schema - Abstract database schema for Bugzilla</p>
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<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
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<pre class="code"> # Obtain MySQL database schema.
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# Do not do this. Use Bugzilla::DB instead.
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use Bugzilla::DB::Schema;
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my $mysql_schema = new Bugzilla::DB::Schema('Mysql');
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# Recommended way to obtain database schema.
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my $dbh = Bugzilla->dbh;
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my $schema = $dbh->_bz_schema();
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# Get the list of tables in the Bugzilla database.
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my @tables = $schema->get_table_list();
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# Get the SQL statements need to create the bugs table.
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my @statements = $schema->get_table_ddl('bugs');
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# Get the database-specific SQL data type used to implement
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# the abstract data type INT1.
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my $db_specific_type = $schema->sql_type('INT1');</pre>
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<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
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<p>This module implements an object-oriented, abstract database schema. It should be considered package-private to the Bugzilla::DB module. That means that CGI scripts should never call any function in this module directly, but should instead rely on methods provided by Bugzilla::DB.</p>
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<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
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name="NEW_TO_SCHEMA.PM?"
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>NEW TO SCHEMA.PM?</a></h1>
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<p>If this is your first time looking at Schema.pm, especially if you are making changes to the database, please take a look at <a href="http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/developer.html#sql-schema" class="podlinkurl"
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>http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/developer.html#sql-schema</a> to learn more about how this integrates into the rest of Bugzilla.</p>
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<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
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<dt><a name="SCHEMA_VERSION"
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><code class="code">SCHEMA_VERSION</code></a></dt>
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<p>The 'version' of the internal schema structure. This version number is incremented every time the the fundamental structure of Schema internals changes.</p>
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<p>This is NOT changed every time a table or a column is added. This number is incremented only if the internal structures of this Schema would be incompatible with the internal structures of a previous Schema version.</p>
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<p>In general, unless you are messing around with serialization and deserialization of the schema, you don't need to worry about this constant.</p>
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<dt><a name="ABSTRACT_SCHEMA"
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><code class="code">ABSTRACT_SCHEMA</code></a></dt>
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<p>The abstract database schema structure consists of a hash reference in which each key is the name of a table in the Bugzilla database.</p>
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<p>The value for each key is a hash reference containing the keys <code class="code">FIELDS</code> and <code class="code">INDEXES</code> which in turn point to array references containing information on the table's fields and indexes.</p>
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<p>A field hash reference should must contain the key <code class="code">TYPE</code>. Optional field keys include <code class="code">PRIMARYKEY</code>, <code class="code">NOTNULL</code>, and <code class="code">DEFAULT</code>.</p>
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<p>The <code class="code">INDEXES</code> array reference contains index names and information regarding the index. If the index name points to an array reference, then the index is a regular index and the array contains the indexed columns. If the index name points to a hash reference, then the hash must contain the key <code class="code">FIELDS</code>. It may also contain the key <code class="code">TYPE</code>, which can be used to specify the type of index such as UNIQUE or FULLTEXT.</p>
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<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
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<p>Note: Methods which can be implemented generically for all DBs are implemented in this module. If needed, they can be overridden with DB-specific code in a subclass. Methods which are prefixed with <code class="code">_</code> are considered protected. Subclasses may override these methods, but other modules should not invoke these methods directly.</p>
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><code class="code">new</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Public constructor method used to instantiate objects of this
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class. However, it also can be used as a factory method to
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instantiate database-specific subclasses when an optional
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driver argument is supplied.
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Parameters: $driver (optional) - Used to specify the type of database.
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This routine C<die>s if no subclass is found for the specified
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$schema (optional) - A reference to a hash. Callers external
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to this package should never use this parameter.
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Returns: new instance of the Schema class or a database-specific subclass</pre>
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<dt><a name="_initialize"
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><code class="code">_initialize</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Protected method that initializes an object after
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instantiation with the abstract schema. All subclasses should
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override this method. The typical subclass implementation
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should first call the C<_initialize> method of the superclass,
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then do any database-specific initialization (especially
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define the database-specific implementation of the all
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abstract data types), and then call the C<_adjust_schema>
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Parameters: $abstract_schema (optional) - A reference to a hash. If
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provided, this hash will be used as the internal
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representation of the abstract schema instead of our
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default abstract schema. This is intended for internal
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use only by deserialize_abstract.
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Returns: the instance of the Schema class</pre>
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<dt><a name="_adjust_schema"
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><code class="code">_adjust_schema</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Protected method that alters the abstract schema at
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instantiation-time to be database-specific. It is a generic
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enough routine that it can be defined here in the base class.
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It takes the abstract schema and replaces the abstract data
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types with database-specific data types.
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Returns: the instance of the Schema class</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_type_ddl"
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><code class="code">get_type_ddl</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Public method to convert abstract (database-generic) field
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specifiers to database-specific data types suitable for use
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in a C<CREATE TABLE> or C<ALTER TABLE> SQL statment. If no
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database-specific field type has been defined for the given
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field type, then it will just return the same field type.
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Parameters: a hash or a reference to a hash of a field containing the
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following keys: C<TYPE> (required), C<NOTNULL> (optional),
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C<DEFAULT> (optional), C<PRIMARYKEY> (optional), C<REFERENCES>
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Returns: a DDL string suitable for describing a field in a
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C<CREATE TABLE> or C<ALTER TABLE> SQL statement</pre>
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<dt><a name="convert_type"
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><code class="code">convert_type</code></a></dt>
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<p>Converts a TYPE from the <a href="#ABSTRACT_SCHEMA" class="podlinkpod"
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>"ABSTRACT_SCHEMA"</a> format into the real SQL type.</p>
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<dt><a name="get_column($table,_$column)"
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><code class="code">get_column($table, $column)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Public method to get the abstract definition of a column.
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Parameters: $table - the table name
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$column - a column in the table
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Returns: a hashref containing information about the column, including its
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type (C<TYPE>), whether or not it can be null (C<NOTNULL>),
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its default value if it has one (C<DEFAULT), etc.
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Returns undef if the table or column does not exist.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_table_list"
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><code class="code">get_table_list</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Public method for discovering what tables should exist in the
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Returns: an array of table names</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_table_columns"
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><code class="code">get_table_columns</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Public method for discovering what columns are in a given
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table in the Bugzilla database.
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Parameters: $table - the table name
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Returns: array of column names</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_table_ddl"
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><code class="code">get_table_ddl</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Public method to generate the SQL statements needed to create
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the a given table and its indexes in the Bugzilla database.
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Subclasses may override or extend this method, if needed, but
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subclasses probably should override C<_get_create_table_ddl>
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or C<_get_create_index_ddl> instead.
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Parameters: $table - the table name
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Returns: an array of strings containing SQL statements</pre>
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<dt><a name="_get_create_table_ddl"
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><code class="code">_get_create_table_ddl</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Protected method to generate the "create table" SQL statement
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Parameters: $table - the table name
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Returns: a string containing the DDL statement for the specified table</pre>
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<dt><a name="_get_create_index_ddl"
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><code class="code">_get_create_index_ddl</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Protected method to generate a "create index" SQL statement
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for a given table and index.
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Parameters: $table_name - the name of the table
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$index_name - the name of the index
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$index_fields - a reference to an array of field names
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$index_type (optional) - specify type of index (e.g., UNIQUE)
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Returns: a string containing the DDL statement</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_add_column_ddl($table,_$column,_\%definition,_$init_value)"
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><code class="code">get_add_column_ddl($table, $column, \%definition, $init_value)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Generate SQL to add a column to a table.
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Params: $table - The table containing the column.
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$column - The name of the column being added.
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\%definition - The new definition for the column,
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in standard C<ABSTRACT_SCHEMA> format.
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$init_value - (optional) An initial value to set
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the column to. Should already be SQL-quoted
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Returns: An array of SQL statements.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_add_index_ddl"
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><code class="code">get_add_index_ddl</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Gets SQL for creating an index.
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NOTE: Subclasses should not override this function. Instead,
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if they need to specify a custom CREATE INDEX statement,
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they should override C<_get_create_index_ddl>
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Params: $table - The name of the table the index will be on.
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$name - The name of the new index.
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$definition - An index definition. Either a hashref
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with FIELDS and TYPE or an arrayref
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containing a list of columns.
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Returns: An array of SQL statements that will create the
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requested index.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_alter_column_ddl($table,_$column,_\%definition)"
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><code class="code">get_alter_column_ddl($table, $column, \%definition)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Generate SQL to alter a column in a table.
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The column that you are altering must exist,
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and the table that it lives in must exist.
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Params: $table - The table containing the column.
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$column - The name of the column being changed.
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\%definition - The new definition for the column,
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in standard C<ABSTRACT_SCHEMA> format.
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$set_nulls_to - A value to set NULL values to, if
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your new definition is NOT NULL and contains
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no DEFAULT, and when there is a possibility
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that the column could contain NULLs. $set_nulls_to
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should be already SQL-quoted if necessary.
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Returns: An array of SQL statements.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_drop_index_ddl($table,_$name)"
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><code class="code">get_drop_index_ddl($table, $name)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Generates SQL statements to drop an index.
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Params: $table - The table the index is on.
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$name - The name of the index being dropped.
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Returns: An array of SQL statements.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_drop_column_ddl($table,_$column)"
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><code class="code">get_drop_column_ddl($table, $column)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Generate SQL to drop a column from a table.
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Params: $table - The table containing the column.
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$column - The name of the column being dropped.
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Returns: An array of SQL statements.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_drop_table_ddl($table)"
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><code class="code">get_drop_table_ddl($table)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Generate SQL to drop a table from the database.
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Params: $table - The name of the table to drop.
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Returns: An array of SQL statements.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_rename_column_ddl($table,_$old_name,_$new_name)"
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><code class="code">get_rename_column_ddl($table, $old_name, $new_name)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Generate SQL to change the name of a column in a table.
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NOTE: ANSI SQL contains no simple way to rename a column,
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so this function is ABSTRACT and must be implemented
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Params: $table - The table containing the column to be renamed.
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$old_name - The name of the column being renamed.
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$new_name - The name the column is changing to.
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Returns: An array of SQL statements.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_rename_table_sql"
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><code class="code">get_rename_table_sql</code></a></dt>
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<dt><a name="Description"
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><b>Description</b></a></dt>
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<p>Gets SQL to rename a table in the database.</p>
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><b>Params</b></a></dt>
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<dt><a name="$old_name_-_The_current_name_of_the_table."
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><code class="code">$old_name</code> - The current name of the table.
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<dt><a name="$new_name_-_The_new_name_of_the_table."
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><code class="code">$new_name</code> - The new name of the table.</a></dt>
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<dt><a name="Returns:_An_array_of_SQL_statements_to_rename_a_table."
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><b>Returns</b>: An array of SQL statements to rename a table.</a></dt>
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<dt><a name="delete_table($name)"
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><code class="code">delete_table($name)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Deletes a table from this Schema object.
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Dies if you try to delete a table that doesn't exist.
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Params: $name - The name of the table to delete.
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Returns: nothing</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_column_abstract($table,_$column)"
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><code class="code">get_column_abstract($table, $column)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: A column definition from the abstract internal schema.
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cross-database format.
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Params: $table - The name of the table
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$column - The name of the column that you want
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Returns: A hash reference. For the format, see the docs for
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C<ABSTRACT_SCHEMA>.
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Returns undef if the column or table does not exist.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_indexes_on_column_abstract($table,_$column)"
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><code class="code">get_indexes_on_column_abstract($table, $column)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Gets a list of indexes that are on a given column.
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Params: $table - The table the column is on.
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$column - The name of the column.
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Returns: Indexes in the standard format of an INDEX
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entry on a table. That is, key-value pairs
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where the key is the index name and the value
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is the index definition.
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If there are no indexes on that column, we return
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<dt><a name="get_index_abstract($table,_$index)"
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><code class="code">get_index_abstract($table, $index)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Returns an index definition from the internal abstract schema.
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Params: $table - The table the index is on.
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$index - The name of the index.
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Returns: A hash reference representing an index definition.
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See the C<ABSTRACT_SCHEMA> docs for details.
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Returns undef if the index does not exist.</pre>
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<dt><a name="get_table_abstract($table)"
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><code class="code">get_table_abstract($table)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Gets the abstract definition for a table in this Schema
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Params: $table - The name of the table you want a definition for.
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Returns: An abstract table definition, or undef if the table doesn't
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<dt><a name="add_table($name,_\%definition)"
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><code class="code">add_table($name, \%definition)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Creates a new table in this Schema object.
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If you do not specify a definition, we will
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simply create an empty table.
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Params: $name - The name for the new table.
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\%definition (optional) - An abstract definition for
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Returns: nothing</pre>
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<dt><a name="rename_table"
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><code class="code">rename_table</code></a></dt>
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<p>Renames a table from <code class="code">$old_name</code> to <code class="code">$new_name</code> in this Schema object.</p>
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<dt><a name="delete_column($table,_$column)"
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><code class="code">delete_column($table, $column)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Deletes a column from this Schema object.
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Params: $table - Name of the table that the column is in.
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The table must exist, or we will fail.
433
$column - Name of the column to delete.
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Returns: nothing</pre>
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<dt><a name="rename_column($table,_$old_name,_$new_name)"
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><code class="code">rename_column($table, $old_name, $new_name)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Renames a column on a table in the Schema object.
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The column that you are renaming must exist.
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Params: $table - The table the column is on.
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$old_name - The current name of the column.
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$new_name - The new name of hte column.
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Returns: nothing</pre>
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<dt><a name="set_column($table,_$column,_\%new_def)"
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><code class="code">set_column($table, $column, \%new_def)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Changes the definition of a column in this Schema object.
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If the column doesn't exist, it will be added.
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The table that you specify must already exist in the Schema.
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NOTE: This does not affect the database on the disk.
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Use the C<Bugzilla::DB> "Schema Modification Methods"
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if you want to do that.
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Params: $table - The name of the table that the column is on.
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$column - The name of the column.
459
\%new_def - The new definition for the column, in
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C<ABSTRACT_SCHEMA> format.
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Returns: nothing</pre>
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<dt><a name="set_index($table,_$name,_$definition)"
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><code class="code">set_index($table, $name, $definition)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Changes the definition of an index in this Schema object.
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If the index doesn't exist, it will be added.
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The table that you specify must already exist in the Schema.
470
NOTE: This does not affect the database on the disk.
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Use the C<Bugzilla::DB> "Schema Modification Methods"
472
if you want to do that.
473
Params: $table - The table the index is on.
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$name - The name of the index.
475
$definition - A hashref or an arrayref. An index
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definition in C<ABSTRACT_SCHEMA> format.
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Returns: nothing</pre>
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<dt><a name="delete_index($table,_$name)"
480
><code class="code">delete_index($table, $name)</code></a></dt>
483
<pre class="code"> Description: Removes an index definition from this Schema object.
484
If the index doesn't exist, we will fail.
485
The table that you specify must exist in the Schema.
486
NOTE: This does not affect the database on the disk.
487
Use the C<Bugzilla::DB> "Schema Modification Methods"
488
if you want to do that.
489
Params: $table - The table the index is on.
490
$name - The name of the index that we're removing.
491
Returns: nothing</pre>
493
<dt><a name="columns_equal($col_one,_$col_two)"
494
><code class="code">columns_equal($col_one, $col_two)</code></a></dt>
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<pre class="code"> Description: Tells you if two columns have entirely identical definitions.
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The TYPE field's value will be compared case-insensitive.
499
However, all other fields will be case-sensitive.
500
Params: $col_one, $col_two - The columns to compare. Hash
501
references, in C<ABSTRACT_SCHEMA> format.
502
Returns: C<1> if the columns are identical, C<0> if they are not.</pre>
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<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
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name="SERIALIZATION/DESERIALIZATION"
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>SERIALIZATION/DESERIALIZATION</a></h1>
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<dt><a name="serialize_abstract()"
512
><code class="code">serialize_abstract()</code></a></dt>
515
<pre class="code"> Description: Serializes the "abstract" schema into a format
516
that deserialize_abstract() can read in. This is
517
a method, called on a Schema instance.
519
Returns: A scalar containing the serialized, abstract schema.
520
Do not attempt to manipulate this data directly,
521
as the format may change at any time in the future.
522
The only thing you should do with the returned value
523
is either store it somewhere (coupled with appropriate
524
SCHEMA_VERSION) or deserialize it.</pre>
526
<dt><a name="deserialize_abstract($serialized,_$version)"
527
><code class="code">deserialize_abstract($serialized, $version)</code></a></dt>
530
<pre class="code"> Description: Used for when you've read a serialized Schema off the disk,
531
and you want a Schema object that represents that data.
532
Params: $serialized - scalar. The serialized data.
533
$version - A number in the format X.YZ. The "version"
534
of the Schema that did the serialization.
535
See the docs for C<SCHEMA_VERSION> for more details.
536
Returns: A Schema object. It will have the methods of (and work
537
in the same fashion as) the current version of Schema.
538
However, it will represent the serialized data instead of
539
ABSTRACT_SCHEMA.</pre>
543
<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
545
>CLASS METHODS</a></h1>
547
<p>These methods are generally called on the class instead of on a specific object.</p>
550
<dt><a name="get_empty_schema()"
551
><code class="code">get_empty_schema()</code></a></dt>
554
<pre class="code"> Description: Returns a Schema that has no tables. In effect, this
555
Schema is totally "empty."
557
Returns: A "empty" Schema object.</pre>
561
<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
562
name="ABSTRACT_DATA_TYPES"
563
>ABSTRACT DATA TYPES</a></h1>
565
<p>The size and range data provided here is only intended as a guide. See your database's Bugzilla module (in this directory) for the most up-to-date values for these data types. The following abstract data types are used:</p>
568
<dt><a name="BOOLEAN"
569
><code class="code">BOOLEAN</code></a></dt>
572
<p>Logical value 0 or 1 where 1 is true, 0 is false.</p>
575
><code class="code">INT1</code></a></dt>
578
<p>Integer values (-128 - 127 or 0 - 255 unsigned).</p>
581
><code class="code">INT2</code></a></dt>
584
<p>Integer values (-32,768 - 32767 or 0 - 65,535 unsigned).</p>
587
><code class="code">INT3</code></a></dt>
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<p>Integer values (-8,388,608 - 8,388,607 or 0 - 16,777,215 unsigned)</p>
593
><code class="code">INT4</code></a></dt>
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<p>Integer values (-2,147,483,648 - 2,147,483,647 or 0 - 4,294,967,295 unsigned)</p>
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<dt><a name="SMALLSERIAL"
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><code class="code">SMALLSERIAL</code></a></dt>
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<p>An auto-increment <a href="#INT1" class="podlinkpod"
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>"INT1"</a></p>
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<dt><a name="MEDIUMSERIAL"
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><code class="code">MEDIUMSERIAL</code></a></dt>
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<p>An auto-increment <a href="#INT3" class="podlinkpod"
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>"INT3"</a></p>
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<dt><a name="INTSERIAL"
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><code class="code">INTSERIAL</code></a></dt>
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<p>An auto-increment <a href="#INT4" class="podlinkpod"
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>"INT4"</a></p>
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<dt><a name="TINYTEXT"
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><code class="code">TINYTEXT</code></a></dt>
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<p>Variable length string of characters up to 255 (2^8 - 1) characters wide or more depending on the character set used.</p>
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<dt><a name="MEDIUMTEXT"
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><code class="code">MEDIUMTEXT</code></a></dt>
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<p>Variable length string of characters up to 16M (2^24 - 1) characters wide or more depending on the character set used.</p>
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><code class="code">TEXT</code></a></dt>
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<p>Variable length string of characters up to 64K (2^16 - 1) characters wide or more depending on the character set used.</p>
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<dt><a name="LONGBLOB"
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><code class="code">LONGBLOB</code></a></dt>
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<p>Variable length string of binary data up to 4M (2^32 - 1) bytes wide</p>
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<dt><a name="DATETIME"
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><code class="code">DATETIME</code></a></dt>
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<p>DATETIME support varies from database to database, however, it's generally safe to say that DATETIME entries support all date/time combinations greater than 1900-01-01 00:00:00. Note that the format used is <code class="code">YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss</code> to be safe, though it's possible that your database may not require leading zeros. For greatest compatibility, however, please make sure dates are formatted as above for queries to guarantee consistent results.</p>
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<p>Database-specific subclasses should define the implementation for these data types as a hash reference stored internally in the schema object as <code class="code">db_specific</code>. This is typically done in overridden <a href="../../_initialize.html" class="podlinkpod"
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>_initialize</a> method.</p>
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<p>The following abstract boolean values should also be defined on a database-specific basis:</p>
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><code class="code">TRUE</code>
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><code class="code">FALSE</code></a></dt>
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<h1><a class='u' href='#___top' title='click to go to top of document'
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<p><a href="../../Bugzilla/DB.html" class="podlinkpod"
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>Bugzilla::DB</a></p>
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<p><a href="http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/developer.html#sql-schema" class="podlinkurl"
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>http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/developer.html#sql-schema</a></p>
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<p class="backlinkbottom"><b><a name="___bottom" href="../../index.html" title="All Documents"><<</a></b></p>
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docs/html/api/Bugzilla/DB/Schema.html
