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<table width="100%" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=2><tr><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_3.html"><img border="0" alt="3 Command line options and auxiliary programs" src="next.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual.html"><img border="0" alt="Top" src="up.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_1.html"><img border="0" alt="1 Introduction" src="previous.png"></a></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" width="100%">2 About Ipe files</td></tr></table>

<h1>2 About Ipe files</h1>

Ipe 6.0 creates (Encapsulated) Postscript or PDF files. These files

can be used in any way that PDF or Postscript files are used, such as

viewed with Ghostview, with Acrobat Reader or Xpdf, edited with

Acrobat, or included in Latex/Pdflatex documents. However, Ipe cannot

read arbitrary Postscript or PDF files, only files it has created

itself. This is because files created by Ipe contain a special hidden

stream that describes the Ipe objects. (So if you edit your

Ipe-generated PDF file in a different program such as Adobe Acrobat,

Ipe will not be able to read the file again afterwards.)

You decide in what format to store a figure when saving it for the

first time. Ipe gives you the option of saving with extensions "eps"

(Encapsulated Postscript), "ps" (Postscript), "pdf" (PDF), and

"xml" (XML). Note that only documents of a single page can be

stored in Encapsulated Postscript format, as this format doesn't

support multi-page documents. Files saved with extension "xml"

are--obviously--XML files and contain no Postscript of PDF

information. The precise XML format used by Ipe is documented

<a href="manual_35.html">later in this manual</a>. XML files can be read by any

XML-aware parser, and it is easy for other programs to generate XML

output to be read by Ipe. You probably don't want to keep your

figures in XML format, but it is excellent for communicating with

other programs, and for converting figures between programs.

<hr />

There are perhaps two major uses for Ipe documents. The first is for

inclusion into Latex documents, the second is for making

presentations. There isn't much to be said about the second use: You

create a PDF file with Ipe, and either print it on transparencies or

present it using a laptop with Acrobat Reader. You should read the

section on <a href="manual_29.html">page views</a> if you

plan to make on-line presentations, as Ipe now allows you to create

pages that are displayed incrementally in Acrobat Reader.

So let's concentrate on the first and original use of Ipe documents,

inclusion in Latex documents. Most Latex installations support the

inclusion of figures in Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) format (the

"Encapsulated" means that there is only a single Postscript page and

that it contains a bounding box of the figure).

The standard way of including EPS figures is using the <code>graphicx</code>

package. If you are not familiar with it, here is a quick overview.

In the preamble of your document, add the declaration:

<pre>

\usepackage{graphicx}

</pre>

One useful attribute to this declaration is <code>draft</code>, which stops

LaTeX from actually including the figures--instead, a rectangle

with the figure filename is shown:

<pre>

\usepackage[draft]{graphicx}

</pre>

To include the figure "figure1.eps", you use the command:

<pre>

\includegraphics{figs/figure1}

</pre>

Note that it is common not to specify the file extension

".eps". The command <code>\includegraphics</code> has various options to

scale and rotate the figure. For instance, to scale the same figure

to 50%, use:

<pre>

\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{figs/figure1}

</pre>

To scale such that the width of the figure becomes 5 cm:

<pre>

\includegraphics[width=5cm]{figs/figure1}

</pre>

Instead, one can specify the required height with <code>height</code>.

Here is an example that scales a figure to 200% and rotates it by

45 degrees counter-clockwise. Note that the scale argument should be

given before the <code>angle</code> argument.

<pre>

\includegraphics[scale=2,angle=45]{figs/figure1}

</pre>

Let's stress once again that these commands are the standard commands

for including EPS files in a LaTeX document. Unlike in previous

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versions of Ipe, Ipe files neither require nor support any special

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treatment.<a href="manual_44.html#id1">1</a> If you are used to other commands

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for EPS inclusion, such as the old-fashioned <code>epsfig</code>

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package,<a href="manual_44.html#id2">2</a>

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you can use them as well for Ipe figures. If you want to know more

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about the LaTeX packages for including graphics and producing

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colour, check the <code>grfguide.tex</code> document that is probably

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somewhere in your TeX installation.

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<hr />

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If you are a user of Pdflatex (a version of Latex that produces PDF

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instead of DVI output), you cannot include EPS files. Instead, save

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your Ipe figures in PDF format, and include them in the way described

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above.

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Unfortunately, versions of Pdflatex earlier than 1.10 have a problem

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including PDF figures. Each page of a PDF document can carry several

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"bounding boxes", such as the MediaBox (which indicates the

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paper size), the CropBox (which indicates how the paper will by

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cut), or the ArtBox (which indicates the extent of the actual

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contents of the page). Ipe automatically saves, for each page, the

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paper size in the MediaBox, and a bounding box for the drawing

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in the ArtBox. Versions of Pdflatex earlier than 1.10,

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however, look at the CropBox, or, if the CropBox is not

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set, the MediaBox. To include PDF figures using an earlier

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Pdflatex-version, you therefore have to instruct Ipe to include a

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CropBox by ticking the Use CropBox checkbox in the

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Document properties (in the Edit menu). (This is

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currently the default for new documents. The only disadvantage is that

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Acrobat Reader will not display full pages in documents saved with

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this option, so when making PDF presentations you probably want to

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untick this option.)

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If you have Pdflatex 1.10 or higher, you can also solve the problem by

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including this line in the preamble:

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<pre>

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\expandafter\ifx\csname pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox\endcsname\relax\else

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\pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox5

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\fi

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</pre>

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(Note that this will simply be ignored if you are using normal

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LaTeX or an older version of Pdflatex.)

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You can save all your figures in both EPS and PDF format, so that you

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can run both Latex and Pdflatex on your document--when including

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figures, Latex will look for the EPS variant, while Pdflatex will look

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for the PDF variant. (Here it comes in handy that you didn't specify

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the file extension in the <code>\includegraphics</code> command.)

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You may find it cumbersome to save an Ipe figure in both formats each

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time you modify it. If so, you can always save in, say, EPS format,

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and automate the conversion to PDF by writing a shell script or batch

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file that calls <a href="manual_3.html">ipetoipe</a> to do the conversion.

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<hr />

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On the other hand, if you only use Pdflatex, you might opt to

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exploit a feature of Pdflatex: You can keep all the figures for a

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document in a single, multi-page Ipe document, with one figure per

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page. You can then include the figures one by one into your document

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by using the <code>page</code> argument of <code>\includegraphics</code>.

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For example, to include page 3 from the PDF file "figures.pdf"

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containing several figures, you could use

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<pre>

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\includegraphics[page=3]{figs/figures}

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</pre>

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<hr />

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