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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide">
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<!ENTITY gnome "<phrase>GNOME</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu "<phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY kde "<acronym>KDE</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY kde-full "<phrase>K Desktop Environment</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Lucid Lynx">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "10.10">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "October 2010">
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<!ENTITY distro-short-codename "maverick">
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<!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Kubuntu 10.10_Maverick_Meerkat">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.35">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.4.4">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.12.1">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.6.6">
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<!ENTITY kde-version "4.5.1">
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<!-- <!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM '../common/C/glossary.xml' > --><!-- Footer Text for Kubuntu documentation --><!ENTITY footer-doc-comment "Would you like to make a comment or contribute an update to this page?">
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<!ENTITY footer-doc-feedback "Send feedback to the ">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../../../common/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
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<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
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<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome-www "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde-www "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-general-insert-case:lower
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vim: tabstop=2:shiftwidth=2:expandtab:indentexpr=:tw=80:
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kate: space-indent on; indent-width 2; tab-width 2; indent-mode none;
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--><!ENTITY % kde-menus-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/kde-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- Application Launcher Screenshots before Keyboard Shortcuts section --><!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS AT THE VERY END --><!-- KDE MENU Entries Organized as the the show up in the Application Launcher (kickoff) --><!-- APLICATION LAUNCHER MENUS
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This will help us shorten the amount of typing we have to do for adding new
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menu items. It is pretty straight forward.
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--><!-- Common Stuff --><!ENTITY mal "<guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu>">
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<!ENTITY malapp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malfav "&mal;<guisubmenu>Favorites</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malcmp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Computer</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maluse "&mal;<guisubmenu>Recently Used</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY mallve "&mal;<guisubmenu>Leave</guisubmenu>">
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<!-- Applications Submenus --><!ENTITY maldev "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maledu "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Education</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malgms "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malgrp "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malnet "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malmmd "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maloff "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malset "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Settings</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malsys "&malapp;<guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malutl "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>">
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<!-- COMPUTER --><!ENTITY menusysset "<menuchoice>&malcmp;<guimenuitem>System Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- APPLICATIONS --><!ENTITY menuhelp "<menuchoice>&malapp;<guimenuitem>Help</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Development --><!ENTITY menueclipse "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Eclipse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugambas "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukdevelop "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menumonodev "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menumonodoc "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuqt4designer "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Qt4 Designer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudevhelp "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Education --><!-- Games --><!--Graphics --><!ENTITY menudigikam "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Photo Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugimp "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Image Editior (Gimp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugwenview "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuinkscape "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Vector Graphics Editor (Inkscape)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukooka "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scan & OCR Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukpdf "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>PDF Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrita "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Painting and Image Editing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuksnap "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Screen Capture Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuscribus "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoodraw "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Drawing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublender "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>3D Modeller (Blender)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Internet --><!ENTITY menubluechat "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublueobex "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth OBEX Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuff "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuffinstall "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Kubuntu Firefox Installer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukmail "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Mail Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuknetmgr "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Network Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonqi "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonv "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukopete "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Instant Messager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukppp "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Internet Dial-Up Tool</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrdc "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Remote Desktop Connection</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrfb "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Desktop Sharing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuktorrent "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>BitTorrent Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuakregator "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Akregator - RSS Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuquassel "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client (Quassel IRC)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Multimedia --><!ENTITY menuk3b "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Disk Burning (K3b)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuamarok "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Music Player (Amarok)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudragon "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Video Player (Dragon)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukino "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Kino</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuaudacity "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Office --><!ENTITY menukontact "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Personal Information Manager (Kontact)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuooimpress "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Presentation (OpenOffice.org Presentation)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoocalc "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Spreadsheet (OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoowriter "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Word Processor (OpenOffice.org Word Processor)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukmymoney "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>KMyMoney2</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Science & Math --><!-- Settings --><!-- System --><!ENTITY menuadept "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Adept)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menucomputerjanitor "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Computer Janitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudolphin "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>File Manager (Dolphin)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukpackagekit "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Software Management (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonsole "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menupartman "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Partition Editor (KDE Partition Manager)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuqtparted "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Partition Manager (QtParted)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuar "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Add/Remove)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menujockey "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Hardware Deivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukuser "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>User Manager (KUser)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuhardwaredrivers "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Hardware Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuusbcreator "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Startup Disk Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
362
<!-- Utilities --><!ENTITY menukaramba "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>SuperKaramba</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
363
<!ENTITY menukate "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>Advanced Text Editor (Kate)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
364
<!ENTITY menukeep "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>Keep</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
365
<!-- Lost & Found --><!-- Application Launcher - Leave --><!ENTITY menulogout "<menuchoice>&mallve;<guimenuitem>Logout (End Session)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
366
<!ENTITY menulock "<menuchoice>&mallve;<guimenuitem>Lock (Lock the screen)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
367
<!-- APPLICATION LAUNCHER IMAGES --><!-- Applications --><!ENTITY a_l_apps '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications</title>
368
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_applications.png" format="PNG" />
369
</imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
370
<!-- Applications - Development --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_dev '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications - Development</title>
371
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_development.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
372
<!-- Applications - Graphics --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_graphics '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications - Graphics</title>
373
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_graphics.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
374
<!-- Applications - Internet --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_internet '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications - Internet</title>
375
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_internet.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
376
<!-- Applications - Multimedia --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_multi '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications - Multimedia</title>
377
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_multimedia.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
378
<!-- Applications - Office --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_office '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications - Office</title>
379
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_office.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
380
<!-- Applications - Settings --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_settings '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications - Settings</title>
381
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_settings.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
382
<!-- Applications - System --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_system '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications - System</title>
383
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_system.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
384
<!-- Applications - Utilities --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_utils '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications - Utilities</title>
385
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_utilities.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
386
<!-- Computer --><!ENTITY a_l_computer '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Computer</title>
387
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_computer.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
388
<!-- Favorites --><!ENTITY a_l_favs '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Favorites</title>
389
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_favorites.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
390
<!-- Leave --><!ENTITY a_l_leave '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Leave</title>
391
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_leave.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
392
<!-- Recently Used --><!ENTITY a_l_used '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Recently Used</title>
393
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_recently_used.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
394
<!-- END APPLICATION LAUNCHER IMAGES --><!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS --><!ENTITY ctrlaltf1 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>">
395
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf2 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>">
396
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf3 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo>">
397
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf4 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>">
398
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf5 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F5</keycap></keycombo>">
399
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf6 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>">
400
<!ENTITY ctrlaltf7 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo>">
401
<!ENTITY ctrlaltbkspc "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap></keycombo>">
402
<!ENTITY language "en">
404
<article id="cli" lang="kubuntu-docs-cli-sv">
406
<title>Introduktion till kommandoraden</title>
409
<para>Detta dokument tillhandahåller en kort beskrivning av Linux kommandorad. Det är inte en komplett guide till kommandoraden, utan snarare en introduktion för att komplettera <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>s grafiska verktyg.</para>
413
<sect1 id="introduction">
414
<title>Introduktion</title>
417
<emphasis>"Under Linux finns det grafiska användargränssnitt där du kan peka, klicka och dra, och förhoppningsvis utföra arbete utan att först behöva läsa en massa dokumentation. Den traditionella Unix-miljön är kommandoraden (cli, command line interface), där du kan skriva in kommandon för att berätta för datorn vad som skall göras. Det är snabbare och effektivare, men kräver att man vet vad kommandona heter och gör." -- från <emphasis role="strong">man intro(1)</emphasis></emphasis>
419
<para>Denna guide beskriver några grundläggande GNU/Linux skal kommandon. Den är inte tänkt att vara en komplett guide till kommandoraden, utan bara en introduktion för att komplettera de grafiska verktygen i <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>.</para>
423
<para>Alla kommandonamn, filnamn eller sökvägar till kataloger kommer att visas med ett <command>typsnitt med fast breddsteg</command>.</para>
426
<para>Kommandon bör utföras från en kommandoprompt i en <application>Terminal</application> och de kommer visas som: <screen>kommando att skriva</screen></para>
429
<para><emphasis role="strong">Terminalen i Linux är känslig för stora och små bokstäver.</emphasis> Användare, användare och ANVÄNDARE är alla olika i Linux.</para>
435
<sect1 id="terminal">
436
<title>Starta en terminal</title>
437
<para><phrase>Kubuntus</phrase> terminalprogram heter <application>Konsole</application> och öppnas genom att gå till <menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff programstartaren</guimenu><guisubmenu>Program</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
440
<title><phrase>Kubuntus</phrase> terminal - Konsole</title>
443
<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/C/konsole.png" format="PNG"/>
450
<!-- FILES AND DIRECTORIES COMMANDS -->
451
<sect1 id="files-directories">
452
<title>Kommandon för filer och kataloger</title>
454
<title>pwd - visar aktuell katalog</title>
455
<para>Kommandot <command>pwd</command> visar katalogen som användaren för närvarande befinner sig i (<acronym>pwd</acronym> betyder <quote>print working directory</quote>). Till exempel, skriv <screen>pwd</screen> när du är i katalogen <filename class="directory">Skrivbord</filename> kommer visa <computeroutput>/home/[username]/Skrivbord</computeroutput>. <note>
456
<para><application>Konsole</application> visar även denna information i både fliken och titelraden för fönstret.</para>
460
<title>cd - ändra katalog</title>
461
<para>Kommandot <command>cd</command> skiftar katalog (<acronym>cd</acronym> står för <quote>change directory</quote>). När ett terminalfönster är öppet, kommer den att peka mot användarens hemkatalog. För att förflytta sig runt i filsystemet krävs det att man använder <command>cd</command>.</para>
464
<para>Skriv <screen>cd /</screen> för att navigera till rotkatalogen</para>
467
<para>För att navigera till den nuvarande användarens hemkatalog, skriv: <screen>cd</screen> eller <screen>cd ~</screen></para>
470
The <command>~</command> character represents the current user's home directory.
471
As shown above, <command>cd ~</command> is equivalent to <command>cd
472
/home/username/</command>. However, when running a command as root (using
473
<command>sudo</command>, for example), <command>~</command> points to <filename class="directory">/root</filename>. When running a <command>cd</command> command
474
with <command>sudo</command>, the full path to the home directory must be given.
479
<para>Skriv <screen>cd ..</screen> för att navigera en katalognivå uppåt</para>
483
To navigate up two directory levels, type:
484
<screen>cd ../../</screen>
489
To navigate to the previous directory (go back), type:
490
<screen>cd -</screen>
495
To navigate through multiple levels of directories at once, specify the full
496
directory path. For example, type:
497
<screen>cd /var/log</screen>
498
to go directly to the <filename class="directory">/log</filename> subdirectory
499
of <filename class="directory">/var/</filename>. For another example, typing:
500
<screen>cd ~/Desktop</screen>
501
moves to the <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> subdirectory inside the current user's home
508
<title>ls - lista filer</title>
510
The <command>ls</command> command outputs a list of the files in the current
511
directory (<acronym>ls</acronym> is short for <quote>list</quote>). For example,
513
<screen>ls ~</screen>
514
will display the files that are in the current
515
user's home directory.
518
Used with the <command>-l</command> option, <command>ls</command> outputs other
519
information along with the filename, such as the permissions on the file, the
520
file's owner, and more.
523
Used with the <command>-al</command> options, <command>ls</command> outputs
524
the information associated with the <command>-l</command> option in addition to
525
showing hidden files (<command>a</command>
530
<title>touch - skapa tom fil</title>
532
The <command>touch</command> command is used either to change a file's access
533
and modification timestamps or to create a new empty file. For example,
534
<screen>touch foo</screen>
535
will create a new empty file named <filename>foo</filename>. If
536
<filename>foo</filename> is already a file, then using <command>touch</command>
537
will update the timestamps on the file which will show
538
the last time a file was <emphasis>touched</emphasis>.
542
<title>mkdir - skapa katalog</title>
544
The <command>mkdir</command> command is used to create a new directory (<acronym>mkdir</acronym> stands for <quote>make directory</quote>). To create a
545
new directory named <filename class="directory">foobar</filename>, type:
546
<screen>mkdir foobar</screen>
550
<title>cp - kopiera filer eller kataloger</title>
552
The <command>cp</command> command makes a copy of a file or directory
553
(<acronym>cp</acronym> is short for <quote>copy</quote>). To make an exact copy
554
of <filename>foo</filename> and name it <filename>bar</filename>, type:
555
<screen>cp foo bar</screen>
556
To make an exact copy of the <filename class="directory">foo_dir</filename>
557
directory and name it <filename class="directory">bar_dir</filename>, type:
558
<screen>cp -r foo_dir bar_dir</screen>
562
<title>mv - flytta filer eller kataloger</title>
564
The <command>mv</command> command moves a file or directory to a different
565
location or will rename a file or directory (<acronym>mv</acronym> is short for
566
<quote>move</quote>). To rename the file <filename>foo</filename> to
567
<filename>bar</filename>, type:
568
<screen>mv foo bar</screen>
569
To move the file <filename>foo</filename> into the current user's <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> directory, type:
570
<screen>mv foo ~/Desktop</screen>
571
This will not rename <filename>foo</filename> to <filename>Desktop</filename>
572
because <filename>foo</filename> is a file and <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> is a directory.
576
<title>rm - byt namn på filer eller kataloger</title>
578
The <command>rm</command> command is used to delete files and directories (<acronym>rm</acronym> is short for <quote>remove</quote>). To delete the file
579
<filename>foo</filename> for the current directory, type:
580
<screen>rm foo</screen>
583
By default, <command>rm</command> will not remove directories. To remove a
584
directory, you must use the <command>-r</command> option (also can be entered
585
as either <command>-R</command> or <command>--recursive</command>). For example,
586
<screen>rm -r foobar</screen> or
587
<screen>rm -R foobar</screen> or
588
<screen>rm --recursive foobar</screen>
589
will remove the directory <filename class="directory">foobar</filename>,
590
<emphasis role="strong"> and all of its contents!</emphasis>
596
<!-- SYSTEM INFORMATION COMMANDS -->
598
<title>Kommandon för systeminformation</title>
600
<title>df - display amount of disk space</title>
602
The <command>df</command> command displays filesystem disk space usage for all
603
partitions (<acronym>df</acronym> stands for <quote>disk free</quote>).
604
<screen>df -h</screen>
605
will give information using megabytes
606
(<abbrev>M</abbrev>) and gigabytes (<abbrev>G</abbrev>) instead of blocks
607
(<command>-h</command> means <quote>human readable</quote>).
611
<title>free - display amount of free and used memory</title>
613
The <command>free</command> command displays the amount of free and used memory
615
<screen>free -m</screen>
616
will give the information using megabytes, which is probably the most useful for
621
<title>top - display top consuming processes</title>
623
The <command>top</command> command displays information on the Linux system -
624
processes that are running, system resources including <acronym>CPU</acronym>,
625
<acronym>RAM</acronym> & swap usage, and the total number of tasks being
627
exit <command>top</command>, press <keycap>q</keycap>.
631
<title>uname - print details about the current machine</title>
633
The <command>uname</command> command with the <command>-a</command> options
634
displays all system information, including machine name, kernel name &
635
version, and other details. This command is useful for checking which kernel is
636
in use (<abbrev>uname</abbrev> is short for <quote>unix name</quote>).
639
<sect2 id="lsb_release">
640
<title>lsb_release - print details about current Linux release</title>
642
The <command>lsb_release</command> with the <command>-a</command> option prints
643
version information for the Linux release in use. For example, typing:
644
<screen>lsb_release -a</screen> will display:
645
<screen>No LSB modules are available.
646
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
647
Description: Ubuntu 10.10
655
<!-- ELEVATED PRIVS -->
656
<sect1 id="elevated-privileges">
657
<title>Kör kommandon med utökade privilegier</title>
659
The following commands must be prefaced with the
660
<command>sudo</command> command. Please see <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">RootSudo</ulink> for
661
information on using <command>sudo</command> (<abbrev>sudo</abbrev> is short for
662
<quote>superuser do</quote>).
664
<sect2 id="add-group">
665
<title>Lägg till en ny grupp</title>
667
The <command>addgroup</command> command is used to create a new group in the
668
system. To create a new group, type:
669
<screen>sudo addgroup foobar</screen>
670
The above command will create a new group called <emphasis role="strong">foobar</emphasis>.
673
<sect2 id="add-user">
674
<title>Lägg till en ny användare</title>
676
The <command>adduser</command> command is used to create a new user on the
677
system. To create a new user, type:
678
<screen>adduser foobar</screen>
679
which will create a new user called <emphasis role="strong">foobar</emphasis>.
683
<title>Lägg till eller ändra lösenordet för en användare</title>
685
The <command>passwd</command> command is used to assign a new password to a
686
new user or to change the current password for an existing user. To add a
687
password or change the password for the user <emphasis role="strong">foobar</emphasis>,
689
<screen>passwd foobar</screen>
690
For new users, this will generate a prompt to enter the new password. For
692
existing user, there will be a prompt for the existing password before the
693
prompt for a new password.
696
<sect2 id="assign-user-group">
697
<title>Assign User to Group</title>
699
To assign the user <emphasis role="strong">foobar</emphasis> to the group
700
<emphasis role="strong">barfoo</emphasis>, type:
701
<screen>adduser foobar barfoo</screen>
708
<title>Flaggor</title>
710
The default behavior for a command may usually be modified by adding <command>--option</command> to the command. For example, the <link linkend="ls"><command>ls</command></link> command has an
711
<command>-s</command> option. The <command>ls -s</command> will include file
712
sizes in the listing. There is also a <command>-h</command> option to display
713
file sizes in a <quote>human readable</quote> format.
716
Options can be grouped in clusters, so
717
<screen>ls -sh</screen>
718
is the same command as
719
<screen> ls -s -h</screen>
720
Most options have a long version, prefixed with two dashes instead of one, so
721
<screen>ls --size --human-readable</screen>
722
is also the same command as
723
<screen>ls -sh</screen>
727
<!-- MANPAGES AND GETTING HELP -->
728
<sect1 id="man-help">
729
<title><quote>Man</quote> and Getting Help</title>
731
<emphasis role="strong"><emphasis>command</emphasis> --help</emphasis> and
732
<command>man</command> <emphasis role="strong"><emphasis>command</emphasis></emphasis> are the two most important
733
tools at the command line.
736
Virtually all commands understand the <command>-h</command> (or
737
<command>--help</command>) option which will produce a short usage description
738
of the command and its options, then exit back to the command prompt. Type:
739
<screen>man -h</screen>
741
<screen>man --help</screen>
742
to see this in action.
745
Every command and nearly every application in Linux has a
746
<abbrev>man</abbrev> (manual) file. It is as simple as typing <command>man
747
command</command> to bring up a longer manual entry for the specified command.
749
<screen>man mv</screen>
750
brings up the <command>mv</command> manual.
752
<para>Flytta upp och ned i manualfilen med piltangenterna och gå tillbaka till kommandoprompten med <keycap>q</keycap>.</para>
754
<screen>man man</screen>
755
brings up the manual entry for the <command>man</command> command, which is a
759
<screen>man intro</screen>
760
is especially useful. It displays the <quote>introduction to user
761
commands</quote> which is a well-written, brief introduction to the Linux
765
There are also <command>info</command> pages, which generally go into more
766
detail than <command>man</command> pages. Try:
767
<screen>info info</screen>
768
for the introduction to info pages.
770
<sect2 id="searching-for-man-files">
771
<title>Sökning efter manualsidor</title>
773
If you aren't sure which command or application you need to use, you can search
774
the <command>man</command> files.
777
To search the <command>man</command> files for <command>konsole</command>, try:
778
<screen>man -k konsole</screen>
781
<para>Det här är samma som kommandot <command>apropos</command>.</para>
784
To search only the titles of your system's <command>man</command> files, try:
785
<screen>man -f kde</screen>
788
<para>Det här är samma som kommandot <command>whatis</command>.</para>
793
<!-- CUTTING AND PASTING -->
794
<sect1 id="cut-and-paste">
795
<title>Klipp ut och klistra in</title>
797
There are often situations that require text to be pasted into the terminal.
800
Text copied from a web page using
801
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>C</keycap></keycombo> won't paste with
802
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>V</keycap></keycombo> as it does in
803
other applications because the
804
terminal uses a different combination for paste,
805
<keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Insert</keycap></keycombo>. Pasting can
806
also be done using the mouse by <mousebutton>right-clicking</mousebutton> in
807
the terminal and selecting <guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem> from the menu.
810
Text can also be copied by selecting (highlighting) the text to be copied.
811
Clicking the <mousebutton>middle</mousebutton> button on the mouse (or both
812
buttons simultaneously on a two-button mouse) in the terminal pastes the
817
These actions may work differently in other terminal emulators than <application>Konsole</application>.
818
Consult your terminal emulator's documentation for details.
826
<variablelist><title>Save on Typing</title>
828
<term><keycap>Uppåtpil</keycap> eller <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>p</keycap></keycombo></term>
831
Scrolls backwards through the commands entered previously
836
<term><keycap>Nedåtpil</keycap> eller <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>n</keycap></keycombo></term>
839
Scrolls forward through previous commands
845
<keycap>Enter</keycap>
849
Executes the command selected
855
<keycap>Tabulator</keycap>
859
Tab is a useful feature. It autocompletes any commands or filenames if there is
860
one option, otherwise it displays a list of options that fit the information
861
entered. Using tab in this way reduces typing errors.
867
<variablelist><title>Ändra texten</title>
870
The mouse won't work to position the cursor in a command line entry. Use the
871
<keycap>Left Arrow</keycap> or the <keycap>Right Arrow</keycap> keys to move
877
Typing at the cursor <emphasis>inserts</emphasis> text there. It doesn't
878
overwrite what is already there.
882
<term><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>a</keycap></keycombo> eller <keycap>Home</keycap></term>
885
Moves the cursor to the <emphasis>start</emphasis> of the line
890
<term><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>e</keycap></keycombo> eller <keycap>End</keycap></term>
893
Moves the cursor to the <emphasis>end</emphasis> of the line
899
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>k</keycap></keycombo>
903
Deletes from the current cursor position to the end of the line
909
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>u</keycap></keycombo>
913
Deletes the entire current line
919
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>w</keycap></keycombo>
923
Deletes the word before the cursor
930
<!-- MORE INFORMATION -->
931
<sect1 id="more-information">
932
<title>Mer information</title>
933
<para>Följande guider finns tillgängliga:</para>
937
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGetHowto">AptGetHowto</ulink> -
938
using <command>apt-get</command> to install packages from the command line.
943
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/CommandLine">Commandline
944
Repository Editing</ulink> - managing software repositories through the command
950
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/grep"><command>grep</command>
951
Howto</ulink> - <command>grep</command> is a powerful command line search tool.
956
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/find"><command>find</command></ulink> -
957
locate files from the command line.
962
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommandlineHowto">Commandline
963
Howto</ulink> - longer and more complete than this basic guide; still not
969
<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToReadline">Howto
970
Readline</ulink> - information on more advanced customization for the
975
<para>Se följande webbplatser för mer detaljerade handledningar om Linuxkommandon:</para>
979
<ulink url="http://ss64.com/bash/"/> - an A-Z index of the Bash command line for
985
<ulink url="http://linuxcommand.org/"/> - basic <acronym>BASH</acronym>
986
tutorials, including <acronym>BASH</acronym> scripting.
991
<ulink url="http://linuxsurvival.com/index.php"/> - Java-based tutorials.
996
<ulink url="http://rute.2038bug.com/index.html.gz"/> - a massive online book
997
about system administration, almost all from the command line.
1002
<ulink url="http://www.commandlinefu.com/"/> - a place to record command-line
1003
gems and view other's gems as well.
1013
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
1014
sgml-general-insert-case:lower
1016
sgml-indent-data:nil
1019
vim: tabstop=2:shiftwidth=2:expandtab:indentexpr=:tw=80:
1020
kate: space-indent on; indent-width 2; tab-width 2; indent-mode none;
added
removed
docs/cli/sv/cli.xml
