~ubuntu-branches/ubuntu/utopic/xubuntu-docs/utopic-proposed

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<chapter id="keeping-safe" status="complete">

        <title>Keeping Your Computer Safe</title>

        

        <para>This section describes how to keep your computer safe from security threats.</para>

                <sect1 id="passwords" status="new">

                        <title>Passwords</title>

                        <para>

                        Keep your password safe. If you want to change it, you can by opening <application>Users and 

                        Groups</application> (&users-groups;) and performing the following actions:

                        </para>

                        <orderedlist>

                                <listitem><para>Click on your username.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Click <guibutton>Change...</guibutton> next to the <guilabel>Password

                                </guilabel> field.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>You will be prompted for your current password.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Then you can choose to enter your own newly created password or you can 

                                select the <guilabel>Generate random password</guilabel> option and then press the 

                                <guibutton>Generate</guibutton> button to generate a new random password.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>If you choose to enter your own new password, first enter your current 

                                password in the <guilabel>Current Password</guilabel> field, then enter new password in the 

                                <guilabel>new password</guilabel> and enter the new password again in the 

                                <guilabel>Confirmation</guilabel> field.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Click <guilabel>OK</guilabel>.</para></listitem>

                        </orderedlist>

                        <para>It is possible to automatically login to Xubuntu.</para>

                        <warning>

                                <para>Automatic login is highly discouraged because it provides less security for your

                                system. Also take care when using the <application>Login Screen</application> application 

                                as there are options which may prevent Xubuntu from logging in or starting properly.</para>

                        </warning>

                        <orderedlist>

                                <listitem><para>Open &login-screen-setup;.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Press the <guibutton>Unlock</guibutton> button.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>You will be prompted for your password.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Select the <guilabel>Log in as</guilabel> option.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Choose a <guilabel>Username</guilabel> from the drop down list to login as.

                                </para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Press <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Changes will be applied on re-boot.</para></listitem>

                        </orderedlist>

                </sect1>

                <sect1 id="users" status="review">

                        <title>Give A Separate User Account To Each Person</title>

                        <para>

                                When Xubuntu is installed, it is set up for a single person to use.

                                If more than one person will use the computer,

                                it is best for each person to have their own user account.

                                This way they can have separate settings, documents, and other files.

                                If necessary, files can also be protected

                                from being viewed or changed by non-administrators.

                        </para>

                        <para>

                                To create and administer user accounts, choose &users-groups;.

                                You must be an

                                <link linkend="administrative"><application>administrator</application></link>

                          to do this.

                        </para>

                        <para>

                                See the <ulink url="http://library.gnome.org/users/users-admin/stable/tool-introduction.html">Users Administration Tool manual</ulink> 

                                for more information on setting up user accounts.</para>

                </sect1>

                <sect1 id="updates" status="review">

                        <title>Keep your software up to date</title>

                        <para>

                                Xubuntu developers often issue updates to the Xubuntu software.

                                These updates may improve security or fix other problems.

                        </para>

                        <para>

                                When updates are available, the update icon (an orange star) appears in the panel,

                                usually near the top right of the screen.

                                To install updates you must be an <link linkend="administrative"><application>administrator</application></link>

                                and the computer must be connected to the Internet.

                        </para>

                        <procedure>

                                <step>

                                        <para>

                                                Click the update icon, and enter your password when asked.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>

                                                In the Update Manager window,

                                                press <guibutton>Install Updates</guibutton>.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                        </procedure>

                        <para>The update process may take a while if many updates need to be installed.</para>

                        <para>

                                If a pair of blue arrows appears in the panel when the updates have

                                finished,

                                you need to restart the computer to complete the installation.

                        </para>

                        <para>To check for updates yourself, choose &update-manager; and press <guibutton>Check</guibutton>.</para>

                        <para>

                                To change how often Xubuntu checks for updates,

                                or to set updates to install or download automatically,

                                open <application>Software Sources</application> 

                                (&software-properties;), and click on the 

                                <guilabel>Updates</guilabel> tab.

                        </para>

                </sect1>

  <sect1 id="lock-screen" status="review">

    <title>Lock Your Screen While Away</title>

    <para>Locking your screen prevents other people from accessing your computer 

    while you are away from it. All of your applications and work remain open 

    while the screen is locked, and the screensaver is displayed.</para>

    <para>You can lock your screen in the following way:</para>

    <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>

        <para>Press

          <keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap>

            <keycap>Alt</keycap>

            <keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo>

          to lock the screen. This keyboard shortcut can be

          changed in &keyboard-shortcuts;.</para>

      </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

                    <para>To unlock the screen, move the mouse or press a key. Then, type your password and either press 

                        the <keycap>Enter</keycap> key or press the <guibutton>Unlock</guibutton> button.</para>

                    <para>If more than one person has a user account on your computer and the screen is locked, other users 

                    can press the <guibutton>Switch user...</guibutton> button to use the computer, even while the screen 

                    is locked. They will be unable to access your currently-open work, and you will be able to switch back 

                    to your locked session when they have finished using the computer.</para>

                </sect1>

                <sect1 id="firewall" status="review">

                        <title>Set Up a Firewall</title>

                        <para>You can optionally install a firewall to protect your computer against unauthorized access by 

                        people on the Internet or your network. Firewalls block connections to your computer from unknown 

                        sources, which helps to prevent security breaches.</para>

                        <procedure>

                                <step>

                                        <para><ulink url="apt:firestarter">Install the <application>firestarter

                                        </application> package</ulink> from the <quote>Universe</quote> repository.</para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>To start

                                        <application>Firestarter</application>,

                                        choose &firestarter-firewall-tool;, and enter your administrator password when 

                                        prompted.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>The <application>Firewall Wizard</application> should run. If it does not, press <menuchoice><guimenu>Firewall</guimenu><guimenuitem>Run Wizard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Follow the steps in the <application>Firewall Wizard</application>. After completing all of the steps, the firewall should be configured and running.</para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>To check that your firewall is working correctly, make use of an online firewall testing service such as <ulink url="https://www.grc.com/x/ne.dll?bh0bkyd2">ShieldsUP</ulink>.</para>

                                </step>

                        </procedure>

                        <para>For help and advice on the advanced configuration of <application>Firestarter</application>, see the <ulink url='http://www.fs-security.com/docs.php'>Firestarter Online Manual</ulink>.</para>

                        <para>More advanced users may wish to use the UFW firewall, which is installed by default. See the <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UFW">UFW community documentation</ulink> on the Ubuntu wiki for more information.</para>

                        

                </sect1>

                <sect1 id="avoid-internet-crime" status="review">

                        <title>Avoid Internet Nuisances and Crime</title>

                                <para>From time to time, you may be sent an email which carries a virus or links to a fraudulent website. This type of email is very common, and it is important to learn how to deal with it, in order to prevent your computer or your personal details from being compromised or misused.</para>

                                <para>Such messages are often received from total strangers. However, sometimes an email may appear to be from someone you know, when really it is not. This is because it is possible to include a fake sender email address in emails.</para>

                                <para>Unwanted (unsolicited) mail tends to fall in to one of several categories:</para>

                                <itemizedlist>

                                        <listitem><para>Spam (junk) email, where people offer unwanted services and products</para></listitem>

                                        <listitem><para>Scam emails, where people pretend to ask for help in exchange for large sums of money</para></listitem>

                                        <listitem><para>Phishing email, where the message appears to be from a bank or other online service, asking you to enter your personal and financial details, or passwords.</para></listitem>

                                </itemizedlist>

                                

                                <para>Below are some tips for keeping safe online:</para>

                                

                                <itemizedlist>

                                <listitem><para>You should never reply to unsolicited mail, or even click on the links in the mail. Doing so usually results in more junk mail being sent to you.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Never click on links in emails which lead to websites asking for your password or similar. It is possible for the text of the link to give one address, when really it opens up another (possibly dangerous) address. Instead, type the link into your web browser yourself and proceed from there.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>If a website asks for your financial details, ensure that it is secure. In the <application>Firefox Web browser</application>, secure websites have a <emphasis>yellow</emphasis> address bar with a padlock icon to the right of the address. Click on the padlock to read more information about the security of the website.</para></listitem>

                                <listitem><para>Only download and run software from sources that you trust. By default, you can only download software directly from Xubuntu.</para></listitem>

                                </itemizedlist>

                </sect1>

                <sect1 id="backup-files" status="complete">

                        <title>Make Backup Copies of Your Files</title>

                                <para>A problem that you may occasionally encounter is the unexpected loss of some of 

                                your work and settings for one reason or another. The causes of such <emphasis>data 

                                loss</emphasis> are many and varied; it could be anything from a power failure, to 

                                accidentally deleting a file. It is highly recommended that you make regular backup 

                                copies of your important files so that, if you do encounter a problem, you will not 

                                have lost those files.</para>

                                

                                <para>It is wise to store back up copies of files separately from your computer; that 

                                is, you should make use of some form of file storage which is not permanently attached 

                                to your computer. Options include:</para>

                                <itemizedlist>

                                        <listitem><para>Writable CDs and DVDs</para></listitem>

                                        <listitem><para>External hard disks and flash memory devices</para></listitem>

                                        <listitem><para>Another computer on the network</para></listitem>

                                </itemizedlist>

                                

                                <para>A simple way of backing-up your files is to manually copy them to a safe 

                                location (see above) by using the <application>File Browser</application>.</para>

                                <para>Alternatively, you can use a dedicated back-up application, such as 

                                <application>luckyBackup</application>:</para>

                                        <note><para>There a numerous back up applications available in 

                                        <application>Ubuntu Software Center</application> and <application>Synaptic 

                                        Package Manager</application>.</para></note>

                                

                                <procedure>

                                <step>

                                        <para><ulink url="apt:luckybackup">Install the <application>luckyBackup</application> 

                                        package</ulink> from the <quote>Universe</quote> repository.</para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>To make a backup, click &luckybackup;.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Press the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Enter the <guilabel>Name</guilabel> of the task, select the 

                                        <guilabel>Source</guilabel> (which files you want to back up) by pressing the 

                                        folder button on the right side, and select the <guilabel>Destination</guilabel> 

                                        (where you want to save the backup of files).

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>In the <guilabel>Type</guilabel> list, you can select the type of backup 

                                        you would like to create.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Press the <guibutton>Advance</guibutton> button to reveal additional 

                                        back up options such as <guilabel>Preserve permissions</guilabel> under the 

                                        <guilabel>Command Options</guilabel> tab or select which files and/or folders 

                                        you do not want to back up under the <guilabel>Exclude</guilabel> tab.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Select the <guilabel>Also create a task for restore purposes</guilabel> 

                                        option if you want to create a task to restore your files and/or folders.</para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Press the <guibutton>validate</guibutton> button to check whether your 

                                        proposed backup is a valid one, then press <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Press the <guibutton>Okay</guibutton> button and the task you 

                                        have created will appear in the <guilabel>Task list</guilabel>.  If 

                                        you selected the <guilabel>Also create a task for restore purposes</guilabel> 

                                        option, a <guilabel>RESTORE - <replaceable>name of task</replaceable>

                                        </guilabel> task will appear also.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Once the tasks have been created in the <guilabel>Task 

                                        list</guilabel>, select the tasks that you want to perform and you 

                                        can simulate the back up by selecting the <guilabel>simulation</guilabel> 

                                        option and pressing <guibutton>Start</guibutton>.

                                        </para>

                                        <note><para>The <guilabel>command output</guilabel> will display 

                                        information about the performance of the back up such as how many 

                                        files were backed up and transferred and how much time elapsed to 

                                        back up the data to the <guilabel>Destination</guilabel>. The 

                                        <guilabel>Information</guilabel> window will display whether the 

                                        simulated tasks were completed and if any errors were found.  Press 

                                        <guibutton>Done</guibutton>, if the displayed information is 

                                        satisfactory, proceed to the next step, otherwise, adjust the 

                                        options to obtain the desired result and perform the simulation 

                                        again.</para></note>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Press the <guibutton>Schedule</guibutton> button or click 

                                        <menuchoice><guimenu>Profile</guimenu><guimenuitem>Schedule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Press the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Select your profile from the <guilabel>Profile</guilabel> 

                                        list.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Input how often you would like the back up performed by 

                                        selecting the <guilabel>time (hour:min)</guilabel>, <guilabel>day 

                                        of the week</guilabel>, <guilabel>month</guilabel> and/or 

                                        <guilabel>day of the month</guilabel>.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Press the <guibutton>Okay</guibutton> button.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                                <step>

                                        <para>Press the <guibutton>cronIT !!</guibutton> button and your scheduled 

                                        back up has been created.

                                        </para>

                                </step>

                        </procedure>

                        <para>To restore a backup created with <application>luckyBackup</application>, select the 

                        <guilabel>RESTORE - <replaceable>name of task</replaceable></guilabel> task and create a 

                        scheduled task as described above.</para>

                                

                                <para>Some general advice on how to keep good backups is given below:</para>

                                <itemizedlist>

                                        <listitem><para>Back up on a regular basis</para></listitem>

                                        <listitem><para>Always test your backups after you make them, to ensure that 

                                        they have been made correctly</para></listitem>

                                        <listitem><para>Label your backups clearly, and keep them in a safe place</para></listitem>

                                </itemizedlist>

                </sect1>

</chapter>