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.TH PROJ 1 "2000/03/21 Rel. 4.4"
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proj \- forward cartographic projection filter
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invproj \- inverse cartographic projection filter
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.B \-bceEfiIlmorsStTvVwW
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.B \-bceEfiIlmorsStTwW
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perform respective forward and inverse transformation of cartographic data
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to or from cartesian data with a wide range of selectable projection functions.
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The following control parameters can appear in any order:
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Special option for binary coordinate data input and output
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through standard input and standard output.
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Data is assumed to be in system type
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This option is to be used when
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process and allows bypassing formatting operations.
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Selects binary input only (see
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alternate method to specify inverse projection.
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Redundant when used with
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Selects binary output only (see
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specifies a character employed as the first character to denote
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a control line to be passed through without processing.
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This option applicable to ascii input only.
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(# is the default value).
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is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is detected during
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The default value is: *\et*.
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options are employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VAL
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value for both return values.
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causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line
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prior to printing the converted values.
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.BI \-l "[p|P|=|e|u|d]" id
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List projection identifiers with
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that can be selected with
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gives expanded description of projection
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List ellipsoid identifiers with
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that can be selected with
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list of cartesian to meter conversion factors
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that can be selected with
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list of datums that can be selected with
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This options reverses the order of the
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expected input from longitude-latitude or x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.
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This options reverses the order of the
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output from x-y or longitude-latitude to y-x or latitude-longitude.
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.I angular distortion,
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scale factors to be listed between <> for each input point.
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For conformal projections meridinal and parallel scales factors
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will be equal and angular distortion zero.
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Equal area projections will have an area factor of 1.
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format string to control the form of the output values.
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For inverse projections, the output will be in degrees when this option
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If a format is specified for inverse projection the
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output data will be in decimal degrees.
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The default format is "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS
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is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for
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seconds output (when the option is not specified,
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is employed the fields will be constant width and with leading zeroes.
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causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and
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used by the program to be printed prior to input data.
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Should not be used with the
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This option causes an expanded annotated listing of the characteristics
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of the projected point.
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.B -v is implied with this option.
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.BI \-T " ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax]"
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This option creates a set of bivariate Chebyshev polynomial
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coefficients that approximate the selected cartographic projection on
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denote the range of the input where the
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prefixes apply to respective longitude-x or latitude-y
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depending upon whether a forward or inverse projection is selected.
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is an integer number specifying the power of 10 precision of the
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of -3 specifies an approximation with an accuracy better than .001.
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specify maximum degree of the polynomials (default: 15).
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run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parameters
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and usage varies with projection and for a complete description see
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.I "Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment\(emA User's Manual" )
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and supplementary documentation for Release 4.
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Additional projection control parameters may be contained in two
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auxilliary control files:
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the first is optionally referenced with the
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and the second is always processed after the name
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of the projection has been established from either the run-line
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The environment parameter
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establishes the default directory for a file reference without
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an absolute path. This is also used for supporting files like
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(processed in left to right order)
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specify the source of data to be transformed.
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A \- will specify the location of processing standard input.
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If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be from
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For ASCII input data the two data values must be in the
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first two white space separated fields and
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when both input and output are ASCII all trailing portions
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of the input line are appended to the output line.
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Input geographic data
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(longitude and latitude) must be in DMS format and input
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cartesian data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid
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major axis or sphere radius units.
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Output geographic coordinates will be in DMS
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switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001"
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with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields deleted.
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\f(CWproj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66 -r <<EOF
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45d15.551666667N -111d30
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+45.25919444444 111d30'000w
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will perform UTM forward projection with a standard UTM
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central meridian nearest longitude 112\(deW.
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The geographic values of this example are equivalent and meant
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as examples of various forms of DMS input.
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The x\-y output data will appear as three lines of:
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\f(CW460769.27 5011648.45
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The \fIproj\fR program is limited to converting between geographic and
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projection coordinates within one datum.
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The \fIcs2cs\fR program operates
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similarly, but allows translation between any pair of definable coordinate
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systems, including support for datum translation.
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The \fInad2nad\fR program provides for translation between NAD27 and NAD83
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(also available in \fRcs2cs\fI) in a convenient manner.
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The \fIgeod\fR program provides the ability to compute geodetic (Great
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Circle) computations.
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.B cs2cs(1U), nad2nad(1U), geod(1U),
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.I "Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment\(emA User's Manual,"
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(Evenden, 1990, Open-file report 90\-284).
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.I "Map Projections Used by the U. S. Geological Survey"
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.I "Map Projections\(emA Working Manual"
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(Synder, 1988, USGS Prof. Paper 1395).
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.I "An Album of Map Projections"
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(Snyder & Voxland, 1989, USGS Prof. Paper 1453).
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http://www.remotesensing.org/proj
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man/man1/proj.1
