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.\" $Header: /Software/SPIM/src/xspim.man 5 12/24/00 1:37p Larus $
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xspim \- A MIPS R2000/R3000 Simulator
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\fI-mapped_io/-nomapped_io\fP
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\fI-delayed_branches\fP
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\fI-hexgpr/-nohexgpr\fP
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\fI-hexfpr/-nohexfpr\fP\|]
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\fI-file file\fP \fI-execute file\fP
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SPIM S20 is a simulator that runs programs for the MIPS R2000/R3000
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RISC computers. (For a description of the real machines, see Gerry
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Kane and Joe Heinrich, \fIMIPS RISC Architecture,\fP Prentice Hall,
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1992.) SPIM can read and immediately execute files containing assembly
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language or MIPS executable files. SPIM is a self-contained system
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for running these programs and contains a debugger and interface to a
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few operating system services.
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SPIM comes in two versions. The plain version is called \fIspim\fP.
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It runs on any type of terminal. It operates like most programs of
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this type: you type a line of text, hit the \fIreturn\fP key, and
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\fIspim\fP executes your command. The fancier version of SPIM is
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called \fIxspim\fP. It uses the X-window system, so you must have a
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bit-mapped display to run it. \fIxspim\fP, however, is a much easier
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program to learn and use because its commands are always visible on
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the screen and because it continually displays the machine's
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\fIxspim\fP has many options:
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Simulate the virtual MIPS machine provided by the assembler. This is
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Simulate a bare MIPS machine without pseudo-instructions or the
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additional addressing modes provided by the assembler. Implies
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Load the standard exception handler and startup code. This is the default.
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Do not load the standard exception handler and startup code. This
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exception handler handles exceptions. When an exception occurs, SPIM
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jumps to location 0x80000080, which must contain code to service the
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exception. In addition, this file contains startup code that invokes
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the routine \fImain\fP. Without the startup routine, SPIM begins
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execution at the instruction labeled \fI__start\fP.
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Print a message when an exception occurs. This is the default.
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Do not print a message at exceptions.
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.IP \fB-mapped_io\fP 10
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Enable the memory-mapped IO facility. Programs that use SPIM syscalls
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to read from the terminal \fBcannot\fP also use memory-mapped IO.
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.IP \fB-nomapped_io\fP 10
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Disable the memory-mapped IO facility.
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.IP \fB-delayed_branches\fP 10
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Simulate MIPS's delayed control transfers by executing the instruction after
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a branch, jump, or call before transferring control. SPIM's default is to
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simulate non-delayed transfers, unless the -bare flag is set.
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.IP \fB-delayed_loads\fP 10
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Simulate MIPS's original, non-interlocked load instructions. SPIM's default
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is to simulate non-delayed loads, unless the -bare flag is set.
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.IP "\fB-stext size\fP \fB-sdata size\fP \fB-sstack size\fP \fB-sktext size\fP \fB-skdata size\fP" 10
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Sets the initial size of memory segment \fPseg\fP to be \fIsize\fP
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bytes. The memory segments are named: \fItext\fP, \fIdata\fP,
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\fIstack\fP, \fIktext\fP, and \fIkdata\fP. The \fItext\fP segment
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contains instructions from a program. The \fIdata\fP segment holds
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the program's data. The \fIstack\fP segment holds its runtime stack.
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In addition to running a program, SPIM also executes system code that
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handles interrupts and exceptions. This code resides in a separate
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part of the address space called the \fIkernel\fP. The \fIktext\fP
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segment holds this code's instructions and \fIkdata\fP holds its data.
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There is no \fIkstack\fP segment since the system code uses the same
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stack as the program. For example, the pair of arguments \fI-sdata
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2000000\fP starts the user data segment at 2,000,000 bytes.
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.IP "\fB-ldata size\fP \fB-lstack size\fP \fB-lkdata size\fP" 10
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Sets the limit on how large memory segment \fIseg\fP can grow to be
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\fIsize\fP bytes. The memory segments that can grow are \fIdata\fP,
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\fIstack\fP, and \fIkdata\fP.
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Disply the general purpose registers (GPRs) in hexadecimal.
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.IP \fB-nohexgpr\fP 10
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Disply the general purpose registers (GPRs) in decimal.
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Disply the floating-point registers (FPRs) in hexadecimal.
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.IP \fB-nohexfpr\fP 10
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Disply the floating-point registers (FPRs) as floating-point values
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.IP "\fB-file file\fP 10"
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Load and execute the assembly code in the file.
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.IP "\fB-execute file\fP 10"
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Load and execute the MIPS \fIexecutable\fP (a.out) file. Only works
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on systems using a MIPS processors.
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Instruction opcodes cannot be used as labels.
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James R. Larus, ``SPIM S20: A MIPS R2000 Simulator,''
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included with SPIM distribution.
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James R. Larus (larus@cs.wisc.edu), Computer Sciences Department,
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University of Wisconsin\-Madison.
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Current address: James R Larus (larus@microsoft.com), Microsoft Research.
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