2
@unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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@center Version 2, June 1991
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@c The GNU General Public License.
2
@center Version 3, 29 June 2007
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@c This file is intended to be included in another file.
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@c This file is intended to be included within another document,
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@c hence no sectioning command or @node.
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Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
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Copyright @copyright{} 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @url{http://fsf.org/}
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
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license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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@unnumberedsec Preamble
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The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
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software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
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General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
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Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
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using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
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the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
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software and other kinds of works.
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The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
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to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
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the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom
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to share and change all versions of a program---to make sure it remains
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free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation,
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use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it
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applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You
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can apply it to your programs, too.
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
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in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
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These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
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you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
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(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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distribute and/or modify the software.
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Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
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that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
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software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
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want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
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that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
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Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
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program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
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program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
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patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
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want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
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free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
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To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
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these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you
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have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the
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software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
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freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too,
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receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these
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terms so they know their rights.
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Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
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giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
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For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
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that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
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authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
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changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
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authors of previous versions.
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Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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modified versions of the software inside them, although the
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manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the
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aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The
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systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for
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individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.
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Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the
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practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in
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other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those
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domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the
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Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
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States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
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software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish
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to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program
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could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL
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assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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modification follow.
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@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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@heading TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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This License applies to any program or other work which contains
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a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
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under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below,
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refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
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means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
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that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
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either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
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language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
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the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''.
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Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
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running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
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is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
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Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
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Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
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You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
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conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
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copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
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notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
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and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
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along with the Program.
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You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
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you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
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You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
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of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
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distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
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above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
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You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
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stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
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You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
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whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
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part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
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parties under the terms of this License.
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If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
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when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
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interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
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announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
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notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
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a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
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these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
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License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
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does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
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the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
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These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
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and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
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sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
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distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
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on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
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this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
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entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
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exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
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collective works based on the Program.
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In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
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with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
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a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
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the scope of this License.
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You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
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under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
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Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
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Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
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source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
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1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
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Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
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years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
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cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
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machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
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distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
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customarily used for software interchange; or,
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Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
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to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
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allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
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received the program in object code or executable form with such
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an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
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The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
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code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
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associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
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control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
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special exception, the source code distributed need not include
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anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
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form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
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operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
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itself accompanies the executable.
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If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
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access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
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access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
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distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
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compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
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You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
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except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
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otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
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void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
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However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
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this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
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parties remain in full compliance.
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You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
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signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
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distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
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prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
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modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
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Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
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all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
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the Program or works based on it.
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Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
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Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
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original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
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these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
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restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
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You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
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``This License'' refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
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``Copyright'' also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds
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of works, such as semiconductor masks.
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``The Program'' refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
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License. Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. ``Licensees'' and
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``recipients'' may be individuals or organizations.
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To ``modify'' a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
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in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of
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an exact copy. The resulting work is called a ``modified version'' of
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the earlier work or a work ``based on'' the earlier work.
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A ``covered work'' means either the unmodified Program or a work based
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To ``propagate'' a work means to do anything with it that, without
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permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
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infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
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computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
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distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
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public, and in some countries other activities as well.
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To ``convey'' a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
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parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user
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through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not
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An interactive user interface displays ``Appropriate Legal Notices'' to
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the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
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feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
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tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
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extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
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work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
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the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
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menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
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The ``source code'' for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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making modifications to it. ``Object code'' means any non-source form
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A ``Standard Interface'' means an interface that either is an official
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standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
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interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
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is widely used among developers working in that language.
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The ``System Libraries'' of an executable work include anything, other
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than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
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packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
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Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
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Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
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implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
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``Major Component'', in this context, means a major essential component
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(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
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(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
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produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
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The ``Corresponding Source'' for a work in object code form means all
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the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
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work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
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control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
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System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
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programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
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which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
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includes interface definition files associated with source files for
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the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
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linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
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such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
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subprograms and other parts of the work.
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The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can
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regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
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The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same
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@item Basic Permissions.
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All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
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copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
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conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
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permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
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covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
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content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
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rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
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You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
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without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force.
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You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having
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them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with
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facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the
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terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not
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control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for
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you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and
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control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your
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copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
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Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
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conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
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makes it unnecessary.
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@item Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
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No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
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measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
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11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
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similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
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When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
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circumvention of technological measures to the extent such
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circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with
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respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit
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operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against
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the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid
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circumvention of technological measures.
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@item Conveying Verbatim Copies.
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You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
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receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
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appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
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keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
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non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
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keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
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recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
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You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
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and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
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@item Conveying Modified Source Versions.
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You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
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produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
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terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these
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The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it,
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and giving a relevant date.
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The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released
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under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This
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requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to ``keep intact all
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You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
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anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will
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therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms,
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to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they
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are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in
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any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have
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separately received it.
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If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
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Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
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interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work
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need not make them do so.
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A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
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works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
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and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
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in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
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``aggregate'' if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
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used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
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beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
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in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
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parts of the aggregate.
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@item Conveying Non-Source Forms.
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You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
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sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
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Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these
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Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
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Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily
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used for software interchange.
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Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written
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offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you
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offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give
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anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the
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Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is
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covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used
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for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable
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cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access
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to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
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Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
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offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is
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allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you
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received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection
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Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place
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(gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
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Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
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further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
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Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy
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the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be
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on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports
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equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions
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next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source.
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Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain
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obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to
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satisfy these requirements.
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Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you
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inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of
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the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under
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A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
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from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
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included in conveying the object code work.
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A ``User Product'' is either (1) a ``consumer product'', which means any
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tangible personal property which is normally used for personal,
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family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for
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incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a
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consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of
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coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user,
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``normally used'' refers to a typical or common use of that class of
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product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way
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in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected
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to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of
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whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or
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non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant
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mode of use of the product.
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``Installation Information'' for a User Product means any methods,
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procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to
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install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User
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Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The
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information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of
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the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with
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solely because modification has been made.
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If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
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specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
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part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
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User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
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fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
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Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
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by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
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if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
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modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
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been installed in ROM).
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The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
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requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or
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updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the
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recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or
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installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification
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itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network
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or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the
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Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
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in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
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documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
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source code form), and must require no special password or key for
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unpacking, reading or copying.
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@item Additional Terms.
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``Additional permissions'' are terms that supplement the terms of this
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License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
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Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
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be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
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that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
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apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
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under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
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this License without regard to the additional permissions.
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When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
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remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
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it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
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removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
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additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
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for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
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add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
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of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
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Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms
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of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
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Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
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attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
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displayed by works containing it; or
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Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
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requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
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reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
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Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
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authors of the material; or
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Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade
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names, trademarks, or service marks; or
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Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
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anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
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contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
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liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those
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licensors and authors.
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All other non-permissive additional terms are considered ``further
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restrictions'' within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
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received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
424
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
425
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
426
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
427
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
428
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
429
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
431
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
432
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
433
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
434
where to find the applicable terms.
436
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
437
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the
438
above requirements apply either way.
442
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
443
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
444
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
445
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
446
paragraph of section 11).
448
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
449
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
450
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
451
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
452
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
453
60 days after the cessation.
455
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
456
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
457
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
458
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
459
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
460
your receipt of the notice.
462
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
463
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
464
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
465
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
466
material under section 10.
468
@item Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
470
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
471
a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
472
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
473
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
474
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
475
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
476
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
477
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
479
@item Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
481
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
482
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
483
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
484
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
486
An ``entity transaction'' is a transaction transferring control of an
487
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
488
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
489
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
490
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
491
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
492
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
493
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
494
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
496
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
497
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
498
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
499
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
500
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
501
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
502
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
506
A ``contributor'' is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
507
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
508
work thus licensed is called the contributor's ``contributor version''.
510
A contributor's ``essential patent claims'' are all patent claims owned
511
or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
512
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
513
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
514
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
515
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
516
purposes of this definition, ``control'' includes the right to grant
517
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
226
If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
227
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
228
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
520
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
521
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
522
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
523
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
525
In the following three paragraphs, a ``patent license'' is any express
526
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
527
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
528
sue for patent infringement). To ``grant'' such a patent license to a
529
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
530
patent against the party.
532
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
533
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
534
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
535
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
536
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
537
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
538
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
539
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
540
license to downstream recipients. ``Knowingly relying'' means you have
541
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
542
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
543
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
544
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
546
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
547
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
548
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
549
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
550
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
551
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
552
work and works based on it.
554
A patent license is ``discriminatory'' if it does not include within the
555
scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
556
the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
557
granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you
558
are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
559
business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
560
third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
561
work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
562
who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
563
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
564
you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
565
connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
566
covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
567
license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
569
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
570
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
571
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
573
@item No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
575
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
229
576
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
230
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
231
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
232
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
233
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
234
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
235
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
236
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
237
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
239
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
240
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
241
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
244
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
245
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
246
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
247
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
248
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
249
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
250
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
251
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
252
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
255
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
256
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
259
If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
260
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
261
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
262
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
263
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
264
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
265
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
577
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey
578
a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
579
this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
580
consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree
581
to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
582
from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
583
satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
584
from conveying the Program.
586
@item Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
588
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
589
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
590
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
591
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
592
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
593
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
594
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
597
@item Revised Versions of this License.
268
599
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
269
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
270
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
271
address new problems or concerns.
600
of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new
601
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
602
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
273
604
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
274
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
275
later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
276
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
277
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
278
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
282
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
283
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
284
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
285
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
286
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
287
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
288
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
298
BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
299
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
300
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
301
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
302
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
303
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
304
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
305
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
306
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
605
specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public
606
License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
607
following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
608
of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If
609
the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General
610
Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
613
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
614
of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public
615
statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
616
choose that version for the Program.
618
Later license versions may give you additional or different
619
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
620
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
623
@item Disclaimer of Warranty.
625
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
626
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
627
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT
628
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
629
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
630
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
631
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
632
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
635
@item Limitation of Liability.
309
637
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
310
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
311
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
312
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
313
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
314
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
315
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
316
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
317
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
638
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
639
CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
640
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
641
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
642
NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
643
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
644
TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
645
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
647
@item Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
649
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
650
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
651
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
652
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
653
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
654
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
321
658
@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
324
@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
328
@unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
330
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
660
@heading How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
662
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
331
663
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
332
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
664
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
334
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
667
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
335
668
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
336
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
669
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
337
670
the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
340
@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
341
Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author}
673
@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
674
Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
343
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
676
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
344
677
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
345
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
346
(at your option) any later version.
678
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
679
your option) any later version.
348
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
349
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
350
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
351
GNU General Public License for more details.
681
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
682
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
683
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
684
General Public License for more details.
353
686
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
354
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
355
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
687
along with this program. If not, see @url{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.
356
688
@end smallexample
358
690
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
360
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
361
when it starts in an interactive mode:
692
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
693
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
364
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
365
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
696
@var{program} Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
697
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type @samp{show w}.
366
698
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
367
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
699
under certain conditions; type @samp{show c} for details.
368
700
@end smallexample
370
702
The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
371
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
372
commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
373
@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
376
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
377
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
378
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
381
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
382
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
384
@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
385
Ty Coon, President of Vice
388
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
389
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
390
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
391
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
392
Public License instead of this License.
703
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
704
program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
705
use an ``about box''.
707
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
708
if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if necessary.
709
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
710
@url{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.
712
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
713
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
714
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
715
applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use
716
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But
717
first, please read @url{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html}.