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<title>Ipe Manual -- 7 Style sheets</title>
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<table width="100%" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=2><tr><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_29.html"><img border="0" alt="8 Page views" src="next.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual.html"><img border="0" alt="Top" src="up.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_22.html"><img border="0" alt="6 Snapping" src="previous.png"></a></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" width="100%"><b>7 Style sheets</b></td></tr></table>
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<h1>7 Style sheets</h1>
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<p>The symbolic attributes appearing in an Ipe document are translated to
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absolute values for rendering by a <em>style sheet</em> that is attached
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to the document. Documents can have multiple "cascaded" style
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sheets, the sheets form a stack, and symbols are looked up from top to
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bottom. At the bottom of any style sheet cascade is always the
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<em>standard</em> style sheet, which is built into Ipe. When you create
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a new empty document, it automatically gets a copy of this standard
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<p>The style sheet dialog (in the <em>Edit</em> menu under <em>Style
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sheets</em>) allows you to inspect the cascade of style sheets
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associated with your document, to add and remove style sheets, and
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to change their order. You can also save individual style sheets.
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You can, for instance, save the standard style sheet and use this as
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a basis for making your own style sheets.
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<p>The style sheets of your document also determine the choices you have
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in the Ipe user interface in "symbolic" mode. If you feel that Ipe
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does not offer you enough choice of colors, line widths, etc., you are
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ready to make your own style sheet! As an example for defining a
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style sheet with new colors, <a href="colors.xml">here</a> is a style sheet
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that defines all the colors of the X11 color database (you should
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probably make a selection of these for your own use, as this style
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sheet is rather unwieldy).
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<p>When a style sheet is "added" to an Ipe document, the contents of
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the style sheet file is copied into the Ipe document. Subsequent
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modification of the style sheet file has no effect on the Ipe
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document. The right way to modify your style sheet is to either
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"add" it again, and then to delete the <em>old</em> copy from your
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style sheet cascade (the one further done in the list), or to use the
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<em>Update style sheets</em> function in the <em>Edit</em> menu. This
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function assumes that the style sheet file is in the same directory as
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the document and that the filename coincides with the name of the
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<p>Ipe will complain if you try to delete a style sheet that will cause
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symbolic attributes to become undefined. The trick is to first add a
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style sheet that also defines (and overrides) these same attributes,
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and then to remove the old style sheet from the document.
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<p>The style sheet is also responsible for determining the paper and
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frame size. Ipe's default paper size is the ISO standard A4. If you
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with to use U.S. letter size paper instead, include this style sheet:
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<ipestyle name="letterpaper">
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<layout paper="612 792" origin="0 0" frame="612 792"/>
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<p>Style sheets can also contain <em>templates</em>, such as background
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patterns, or logos to be displayed on each page. These are named Ipe
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objects that can be reused in documents. If your document's style
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sheets define a template named <em>Background</em>, it will be displayed
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automatically on all pages. You can create and use templates using
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the <em>template</em> ipelet. Here is a (silly) example of a style
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sheet that defines a background template. This template is
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automatically added to all new pages:
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<pre><ipestyle name="background">
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<template name="Background">
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<text pos="10 10" stroke="black" size="LARGE">
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<p>Style sheets can also define a piece of LaTeX-preamble for your
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document. When your text objects are processed by LaTeX, the
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preamble used consists of the pieces on the style sheet cascade, from
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bottom to top, followed by the preamble set for the document itself.
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<p>Here is a style sheet <i>presentation.xml</i> that can be used for
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presentations. It enlarges all standard sizes by a factor <i>3</i>:
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<pre><ipestyle name="presentation">
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<linewidth name="normal" value="1.2"/>
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<linewidth name="heavier" value="2.4"/>
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<linewidth name="fat" value="3.6"/>
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<linewidth name="ultrafat" value="6"/>
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<marksize name="normal" value="9"/>
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<marksize name="large" value="15"/>
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<marksize name="small" value="6"/>
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<marksize name="tiny" value="3.3"/>
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<arrowsize name="normal" value="21"/>
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<arrowsize name="large" value="30"/>
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<arrowsize name="small" value="15"/>
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<arrowsize name="tiny" value="9"/>
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<textstretch name="normal" value="3 3"/>
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<textstretch name="large" value="3 3"/>
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<textstretch name="Large" value="3 3"/>
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<textstretch name="LARGE" value="3 3"/>
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<textstretch name="huge" value="3 3"/>
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<textstretch name="Huge" value="3 3"/>
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<textstretch name="small" value="3 3"/>
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<textstretch name="footnote" value="3 3"/>
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<textstretch name="tiny" value="3 3"/>
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\renewcommand\rmdefault{cmss}
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\newenvironment{ITEM}{\begin{itemize}\item}{\end{itemize}}
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<margins tl="72 72" br="72 72"/>
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<shading type="axial" colora="1 0.9 0.5" colorb="1 0.8 0.75"
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coords="0 0 0 200" extend="0 1"/>
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<p>Note the use of the <code><textstretch></code> element to magnify text. The
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text size you choose from the Ipe user interface (<em>"large"</em>,
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for instance) is in fact used for <em>two</em> symbolic attributes,
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namely <code>textsize</code> (where <em>large</em> maps to <code>\large</code>) and
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<code>textstretch</code> (where it maps to no stretch in the standard style
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sheet). By setting the text stretch, you can magnify fonts.
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<p>Also note the <code><margins></code> element--it determines the boundaries
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of the "standard" text area. The <em>Insert text box</em> function
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(in the <em>Edit</em> menu) uses these margins.
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<p>The LaTeX-preamble defined in the <code><preamble></code> element
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redefines the standard font shape to <code>cmss</code> (Computer Modern Sans
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Serif). Many people find sans-serif fonts easier to read on a screen.
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<p>Finally, note the <code><shading></code> element. You can use this to define
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a shading that will be applied to every page in your PDF/Postscript
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output, before anything else is drawn on the page. The shading is
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invisible in the Ipe user interface, so use this it with care.
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<table width="100%" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=2><tr><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_29.html"><img border="0" alt="8 Page views" src="next.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual.html"><img border="0" alt="Top" src="up.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_22.html"><img border="0" alt="6 Snapping" src="previous.png"></a></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" width="100%"><b>7 Style sheets</b></td></tr></table></body></html>
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