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<article id="hardware">
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>Bu belge bir Linux sistemde donanımla çalışmanın temellerini kapsar. </para>
21
<sect1 id="introduction">
26
>A computer consists of a number of connected devices that are collectively known as computer <emphasis
28
>. &kubuntu; normally configures hardware automatically, but there may be occasions when it is necessary to make manual changes to hardware settings. This section provides information on tools for configuring hardware. </para>
31
<!-- PROPRIETARY DRIVERS -->
32
<sect1 id="proprietary">
34
>Tescilli Aygıtlar</title>
36
>Bazı donanımların sağlıklı çalışması için özel sürücü yüklenmesi gerekebilir. Bunlar genelde ekran kartı ve kablosuz ağ sürücüleri olabilir. </para>
39
>Bu özel bir sürücü ve açık kaynaklı olmayan bir donanım yönetimi yazılımı uygulamasıdır. Genel olarak üretici firmanın sattığı donanım ile birlikte verilir.</emphasis>
42
>Most of the devices (hardware) attached to computers should function properly in &kubuntu;. The devices are likely to have <emphasis
44
> drivers. These drivers can be freely modified by developers, and any problems or incompatibilities with Linux can be fixed. </para>
46
>Bazı donanım üreticileri o anda varolan bir Linux sistemi için böyle bir sürücü oluşturmuş olabilir bu sürücülerin donanım detaylarını yayımlamamıştır ücretsiz sürücü desteği olmayabilir. Böyle bir üreticinin Linux sürücüleri yoksa, donanımınız istendiği gibi çalışmayabilir veya hiç çalışmayabilir. </para>
48
>If an appropriate <emphasis
49
>proprietary driver</emphasis
50
> is available for a certain device, it can be installed in order to allow that device to function properly or to add new features. For example, installing proprietary drivers for certain graphics cards allows for the use of advanced visual effects. </para>
52
>Some computers may not have any devices that can use proprietary drivers, either because all of the devices are fully supported by free drivers or because proprietary drivers are not yet available. </para>
55
>Proprietary drivers are usually maintained by the hardware manufacturer, and so cannot be modified by developers if there is a problem. </para>
57
<sect2 id="proprietary-jockey">
59
>Tescilli sürücülerin yönetimi</title>
61
>&kubuntu; ships with an application developed by Ubuntu developers that maintains proprietary drivers. This application is known as <application
63
> and in &kubuntu; is named <application
64
>jockey-kde</application
66
>. It can be opened by going to &menujockey;. </para>
69
>Aygıt için tescilli bir sürücü kullanmak:</title>
74
> by going to &menujockey;. </para>
78
>Etkinleştirilmesi için sürücü bulun ve açıklamasını onaylayın. </para>
86
> to enable the driver. A password may be required. </para>
90
>Tescilli sürücü indirilmeli ve yüklenmelidir </para>
94
>Sürücüyü etkinleştirmeyi tamamlamak için bilgisayarı yeniden başlatmak gerekli olabilir; sürücü kurulum süreci daima bunu gerektirmez. </para>
99
>Özel bir sürücüyü bir aygıt için etkisizleştirmek:</title>
104
> by going to &menujockey;. </para>
108
>Find the driver to be disabled and verify the description. </para>
116
> to disable the driver and continue using a free driver, if available. A password may be required. </para>
120
>Sürücü etkinliğini kaldırma işlemi biterken bilgisayarınızın tekrar başlatılması istenebilir. </para>
129
>Diskler ve Bölümler</title>
131
>This section provides instructions on how to handle disks and drives such as removable hard disks. </para>
132
<indexterm zone="partitioning-device">
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>bölümler</secondary>
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<indexterm zone="partitioning-device">
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<indexterm zone="partition-formatting">
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>biçimlendirme</primary>
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>biçimlendiriliyor</secondary>
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<indexterm zone="mount-and-umount">
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<indexterm zone="mount-and-umount">
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<indexterm zone="what-is-filesystem">
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>dosya sistemi</primary>
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>dosya sistemi</secondary>
164
<sect2 id="checking-usage">
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>Diskte ne kadar boş yer olduğu kontrol ediliyor</title>
168
>There are several ways to see how much disk space is available on a &kubuntu; system. </para>
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<link linkend="checking-usage-cli"
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>Komut satırı üzerinden kontrol et</link>
178
<link linkend="checking-usage-filemanager"
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>Dosya yöneticisi üzerinden kontrol et</link>
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<link linkend="checking-usage-partitionmanager"
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>Bölümleme Yöneticisi yoluyla denetle</link>
189
<sect3 id="checking-usage-cli">
191
>Diskte ne kadar boş alan olduğunu komut satırı üzerinden kontrol et</title>
196
>Konsole</application
197
> by going to &menukonsole;. </para>
201
>At the prompt, type <userinput
207
>Output similar to the following should be displayed: </para>
209
>Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda5 37G 7.6G 28G 22% /
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/dev/sda1 122M 50M 67M 43% /boot
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/dev/sda6 70G 34G 33G 52% /home
217
> komutu dosya sistemi disk alanı kullanımını raporlar. <userinput
221
> komutuna çıktıyı kullanıcılar tarafından okunabilir yapmasını söyler. </para>
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<sect3 id="checking-usage-filemanager">
225
>Diskte ne kadar boş alan olduğunu dosya yöneticisi üzerinden kontrol et</title>
228
>Dosya yöneticileri</title>
230
>The following procedure can be completed with either <application
231
>Dolphin</application
233
>Konqueror</application
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>Dolphin</application
236
> will be shown in this example because it is the default file manager in &kubuntu;. </para>
242
>Dolphin</application
243
> by going to &menudolphin;. </para>
251
> shortcut button on the left. </para>
255
>Kök bölümünde ne kadar alanın kullanılabilir olduğunu ortaya çıkarmak için ana penceredeki herhangi bir boş beyaz alana <mousebutton
256
>sağ tıklayın</mousebutton
257
>. Gösterilen listeden <guimenuitem
258
>Özellikler</guimenuitem
262
>Avoid highlighting an icon</title>
264
>When right clicking in the white space, avoid accidentally highlighting any of the folder icons, because this will display information pertaining only to that folder. </para>
268
>Kök aygıtı için kullanılabilir disk alanı</title>
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<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/checking-usage-filemanager.png" format="PNG"/>
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<sect3 id="checking-usage-partitionmanager">
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>Bölümleme Yöneticisi yoluyla kullanım denetleniyor</title>
282
>By default in &kubuntu;, the application <application
283
>Partition Manager</application
284
> is not installed. Please <ulink url="apt:partitionmanager"
285
>install the <application
286
>Partition Manager</application
288
> prior to doing the following procedure. </para>
293
>Partition Manager</application
294
> by going to &menupartman;. A password may be required. </para>
300
> on the device in the <guilabel
302
> section in the left-hand side of the main window. </para>
306
>Remaining space can be determined by subtracting the amount in the <guilabel
308
> column from the amount in the <guilabel
310
> column. The information can also be displayed by <mousebutton
311
>right clicking</mousebutton
312
> on the partition in the list and selecting <guimenuitem
313
>Properties</guimenuitem
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>Bölümleme Yöneticisi ile kullanılabilir disk alanı</title>
320
<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/check-usage-partman.png" format="PNG"/>
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<sect2 id="free-disk-space">
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>Bazı disk alanları nasıl boşaltılabilir?</title>
332
>Daha fazla kullanılabilir disk alanı oluşturmanın bir kaç yolu var: </para>
336
>Empty the trash. Open <application
337
>Dolphin</application
338
> by going to &menudolphin;. <mousebutton
342
> on the left, <mousebutton
343
>right click</mousebutton
344
> in the white space and select <guimenuitem
345
>Empty Trash</guimenuitem
350
><ulink url="apt:computer-janitor-gtk"
351
>Install Computer Janitor for GTK</ulink
352
> first. Once installed, open <application
353
>Computer Janitor</application
354
> by going to &menucomputerjanitor;. Select the <guilabel
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> to be removed. When completed, <mousebutton
359
>Do selected tasks</guibutton
363
>Freeing disk space with Computer Janitor</title>
366
<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/free-disk-space-compjan.png" format="PNG"/>
373
>Uzun zamandır kullanılmayan yazılım paketlerini kaldırın. Paketleri kaldırma hakkında bilgi için <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/manage-software/"
374
>Yazılım Yönetimi</ulink
379
>İhtiyaç duyulmayan dosyaları silin. </para>
382
>Gerekli dosyaları silmemeye dikkat edin!Eski, az-kullanılan dosyaları </para>
387
>Eski, az-kullanılan belgeleri sıkıştır ve arşivle: </para>
391
>Sıkıştırılacak dosya ve dizinleri seçin, birisinin üzerinde <mousebutton
392
>sağ tıklayın</mousebutton
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>ZIP/TAR Arşivi Olarak</guimenuitem
399
> ya da diğer seçeneklerden herhangi birisini seçin. </para>
403
<sect2 id="partitioning-device">
405
>Bir aygıtı bölümlemek</title>
408
>Partition Manager</application
409
> can be used to partition storage devices. <ulink url="apt:partitionmanager"
410
>Install the <application
411
>Partition Manager</application
413
> first, as it is not installed by default in &kubuntu;. Once installed, open <application
414
>Partition Manager</application
415
> by going to &menupartman;. </para>
418
>Be careful when altering disk partitions, as it is possible to lose data by deleting or changing the wrong partition. </para>
421
>For more information on using <application
422
>Partition Manager</application
423
> to resize, copy, or install a new operating system, please review <ulink url="http://docs.kde.org/development/en/extragear-sysadmin/partitionmanager/index.html"
427
<sect2 id="partition-formatting">
429
>Bölüm biçimlendirme</title>
432
>Partition Manager</application
433
> can be used to format disk partitions. Please review <ulink url="http://docs.kde.org/development/en/extragear-sysadmin/partitionmanager/index.html"
437
<sect2 id="to-format-meaning">
439
>Biçimlendirme nedir?</title>
441
>To format a hard disk, device or partition means to prepare that particular device to store data. </para>
443
>When a hard disk or partition is formatted, a specific data-storage format is applied to that device; this format is the <quote
447
>A newly purchased disk is usually not formatted, and cannot yet be used for storing data. After the device has been formatted, the free space on it is less than the original size. Some of the disk space is used to make the device usable; this space is occupied by the filesystem. Also, disk manufacturers use different standards to express disk capacity, which results in further discrepancies. </para>
449
<sect2 id="what-is-filesystem">
451
>Dosyasistemi nedir</title>
453
>A filesystem is a particular way of storing and organizing files on a storage device such as a hard disk, and is an important part of an operating system. Without a filesystem, accessing and storing files would be difficult. </para>
455
>Dosya sistemlerinin farklı türleri vardır. En yaygın olanları: </para>
459
>ext2, ext3, and ext4: these are usually found on GNU/Linux operating systems. &kubuntu; uses <emphasis
461
> as its default filesystem. </para>
469
> are Microsoft Windows filesystems found on older computers. To share data between two computers, the <emphasis
473
> format is a good choice. </para>
479
> daha modern Microsoft Windows sürümlerinde kullanılan dosyasistem türüdür. </para>
485
> Mac OS X varsayılan dosyasistem türüdür. </para>
489
<sect2 id="partition-meaning">
491
>Bölüm nedir?</title>
493
>A partition is a means of dividing the storage capacity of a device, such as a hard disk, into several parts which can then be treated as separate storage devices (<quote
494
>logical devices</quote
497
>Each logical device is seen by the operating system as a distinct device, and thus is treated as an independent disk. </para>
499
>Hafıza diskini bölümlere ayırmanın bir kaç sebebi olabilir: </para>
503
>Boş alan açmak </para>
507
>Farklı işletim sistemleri kurmak </para>
511
>Verileri hafıza diskinde daha iyi organize etmek </para>
515
<sect2 id="mount-and-umount">
517
>Mounting and unmounting devices</title>
519
>Bir bilgisayara kaldırılabilir depolama aygıtı bağlandığında, işletim sistemi tarafından <emphasis
521
> olmalı böylece aygottaki dosyalara erişilebilir. </para>
523
>When files are copied to a storage device, they are not always written to the device immediately. Instead, they are often stored in a queue so that they can all be transferred to the device at the same time (for efficiency). If the device is disconnected before all of the files have been transferred, some or all of the files may be lost. To prevent this, a storage device must be <emphasis
525
> before being disconnected. </para>
528
>Bir aygıtı bağlama</title>
531
>Plug in the removable storage device. </para>
535
>A notification menu and blue circle icon will appear in the bottom right corner of the screen. By <mousebutton
536
>clicking</mousebutton
537
> the device in the popup menu, the device will be <emphasis
539
>. As soon as it is mounted, either the file manager will appear or a dialog will be presented that contains a list of options for the device. </para>
544
>Unmounting a device</title>
547
>In the system tray, there is an icon that looks like a computer monitor that represents the Device Notifier. <mousebutton
549
> on the icon, and a popup menu will appear. </para>
553
>Hovering above the device description with the cursor will display an eject icon on the right side. <mousebutton
555
> on the icon to <emphasis
557
> the removable device. </para>
566
>Dizüstü Bilgisayarlar</title>
568
>This section contains information for people using &kubuntu; on a laptop computer. </para>
569
<sect2 id="laptops-pm">
571
>Güç yönetimi ayarları</title>
573
>Changing the power management settings of a laptop may help extend its battery life and reduce energy waste. </para>
577
>Sistem çubuğundaki pile benzeyen güç yönetimi simgesine <mousebutton
583
>Ayarları uygun şekilde değiştirin. Değişiklikler anında uygulanır. </para>
587
>Displaying a screensaver may use more power than simply letting the screen go blank. Turning off the screensaver could slightly improve the laptop battery life. In &kubuntu;, the screensaver is set to blank as default. </para>
592
>System Settings</application
593
> by going to &menusysset;. </para>
599
> simgesine <mousebutton
606
>Ekran Koruyucu</guibutton
607
> simgesine <mousebutton
613
>Ekran koruyucuyu seçin ve <guibutton
615
> butonuna basın. </para>
619
<sect2 id="laptops-touchpads">
623
>Çoğu laptop bilgisayarlar fare imlecini denetlemekte kullanılan imleçsürer ile birlikte gelir. İmleçsürer davranımlarını değiştirmenin birçok yolu vardır. En temel imleçsürer ayarları aşağıdaki yolla yapılandırılabilir: </para>
628
>System Settings</application
629
> by going to &menusysset;. </para>
634
>Klavye ve Fare</guibutton
635
> butonuna <mousebutton
642
>İmleçsürer</guibutton
643
> simgesine <mousebutton
649
>Make any desired touchpad setting changes. Changes should take effect immediately. </para>
653
<sect2 id="laptops-testing-reports">
655
>Dizüstü bilgisayarın sınama raporlarını bulmak</title>
657
>Some laptops are tested by the Ubuntu community to ensure that various features work correctly. The results of these tests are available for reading, and may offer insights into any laptop problems. </para>
661
>Review the Laptop Testing <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam"
662
>community support pages</ulink
663
> for a full listing of available laptop tests. </para>
667
>You can participate in laptop testing yourself by visiting <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Testing/Laptop"
668
>Ubuntu Laptop Testing</ulink
672
<sect1 id="pm-suspending">
674
>Askıya Almak ve Uykuya Almak</title>
676
>In order to save power, a computer can be put into one of a number of power-saving modes when it is not being used. </para>
680
><emphasis role="strong"
681
>Suspending</emphasis
682
> a computer is like putting the computer to sleep. The computer will still be turned on and all work will be left open, but it will use much less power. Wake the computer by pressing a key or clicking the mouse. </para>
686
><emphasis role="strong"
687
>Hibernating</emphasis
688
> means turning the computer off completely while saving the current state of the computer (such as keeping all open documents). When the computer is turned back on after hibernation, all work will be restored as it was before hibernation. No power is used when the computer is hibernating. </para>
692
><emphasis role="strong"
694
>, bilgisayarın geçerli konumunu kaydetmeden tamamen kapatır. Bilgisayar kapalıyken güç kullanmaz. </para>
698
><emphasis role="strong"
700
> is bringing the computer out of a power-saving mode and back into normal operation. The computer can be resumed from being suspended by pressing a keyboard button or by clicking the mouse. Resume from being hibernated by pressing the power button on the computer. </para>
704
>Manually put the computer into power-saving mode by selecting one of the options in the <guilabel
706
> section of the <guisubmenu
708
> menu in Kickoff. </para>
711
>Some computers may have problems going into and resuming from certain power-saving modes. The best way of checking if a computer can handle a power-saving mode is to try it. Switch to that mode and see if it behaves as expected. Always save important documents before suspending or hibernating. </para>
713
<sect2 id="pm-suspend-hibernate-fails">
715
>Bilgisayar düzgün bir şekilde askıya alınmıyor yada hazırda bekletilmiyor</title>
717
>Some computers are unable to suspend or hibernate correctly with &kubuntu;, and may show some of the following symptoms: </para>
721
>Hazırda bekleme tıklandığında bilgisayar kapanmıyor. </para>
725
>When the computer is turned back on after hibernating, previously open programs are not restored. </para>
729
>Bilgisayar uykuya alındıktan sonra uyanmayacak. </para>
733
>Certain programs or hardware devices stop working correctly after resuming from hibernation or waking-up from being suspended. </para>
737
>If any of these problems occur, a bug should be reported to <ulink url="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug"
739
>. The problems may be fixed in a subsequent version of &kubuntu;. </para>
741
>If the hardware does not work properly after suspending or hibernating, restart the computer and it should return to normal. If a program does not work properly, try closing the program and then starting it again. </para>
744
>Askıya alma ve uykuya alma sorunlarını test etmeden önce tüm açık belgelerinizi kaydettiğinizden emin olun. </para>
747
<sect2 id="pm-hibernate-pattern">
749
>There's a strange pattern on the screen when the computer is hibernated</title>
751
>The screen may show a black and white pattern just after it is clicked to hibernate. This is usually nothing to worry about and is just how the graphics cards of some computers respond to the initial stages of the hibernation process. </para>
753
>If the computer displays the pattern for a prolonged period of time without turning itself off then there may be a problem with hibernation. Refer to <link linkend="pm-suspend-hibernate-fails"
754
>The computer does not suspend or hibernate correctly</link
755
> for more information. </para>
759
<!-- INPUT DEVICES -->
760
<sect1 id="input-devices">
762
>Fare ve Klavyeler</title>
764
>This section provides instructions on using and configuring mice, keyboards and other input devices to make them more comfortable to use. </para>
765
<sect2 id="input-mice">
767
>Fare ve diğer işaret aygıtları</title>
769
>Numerous mouse options can be changed, such as how fast the pointer moves and how clicks are interpreted by the computer. </para>
774
>System Settings</application
775
> by going to &menusysset;. </para>
780
>Klavye ve Fare</guibutton
781
> simgesine <mousebutton
789
> simgesine <mousebutton
795
<sect2 id="input-keyboard">
799
>Klavyenin, klavye dili ve klavye kısayolları gibi bazı seçenekleri vardır. </para>
804
>System Settings</application
805
> by going to &menusysset;. </para>
810
>Klavye ve Fare</guibutton
811
> simgesine <mousebutton
819
> simgesine <mousebutton
825
<sect2 id="input-touchpads">
827
>İmleçsürer ve grafik tabletleri</title>
829
>A touchpad or graphics tablet can be used to move a mouse pointer. </para>
833
<emphasis role="strong"
835
linkend="laptops-touchpads"
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