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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
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<title>HTML 3.2 Reference Specification</title>
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<body bgcolor="#FFF6F0"
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background="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/recbg.jpg"
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vlink="#800000" alink="#FF00FF">
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<h2 align=right><A HREF="http://www.w3.org/"><img align=left border=0 alt="W3C:"
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src="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Icons/WWW/w3c_home"></A>
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<h1 align=center>HTML 3.2 Reference Specification</h1>
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<h3 align=center>W3C Recommendation <i>14-Jan-1997</i></h3>
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<p>Author: <i><a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett">Dave Raggett</a></i>
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<tt><<a href="mailto:dsr@w3.org">dsr@w3.org</a>></tt></p>
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<h3>Status of this document</h3>
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<p>This document has been reviewed by W3C members and other interested
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parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation.
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It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited
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as a normative reference from another document. W3C's role in making
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the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to
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promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality
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and interoperability of the Web.
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<p>A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/">http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/</A>.
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<p>The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a simple markup language used
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to create hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to
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another. HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantics that
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are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of
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applications. This specification defines HTML version 3.2. HTML 3.2 aims
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to capture recommended practice as of early '96 and as such to be used
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as a replacement for HTML 2.0 (<a href="red.gif.html#refs">RFC 1866</a>).
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#intro">Introduction to HTML 3.2</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#sgml">HTML as an SGML application</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#html">The Structure of HTML documents</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#head">The HEAD element and its children</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#body">The BODY element and its children</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#catalog">Sample SGML Open Catalog for HTML 3.2</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#sgmldecl">SGML Declaration for HTML 3.2</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#dtd">HTML 3.2 Document Type Definition</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#latin1">Character Entities for ISO Latin-1</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#charset">Table of printable Latin-1 Character codes</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#acks">Acknowledgements</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#refs">Further Reading ...</a>
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<h2><a name=intro>Introduction to HTML 3.2</a></h2>
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<p>HTML 3.2 is W3C's specification for HTML, developed in early `96
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together with vendors including IBM, Microsoft, Netscape Communications
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Corporation, Novell, SoftQuad, Spyglass, and Sun Microsystems. HTML 3.2
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adds widely deployed features such as tables, applets and text flow
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around images, while providing full backwards compatibility with the
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existing standard HTML 2.0.
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<p>W3C is continuing to work with vendors on extensions for
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accessibility features, multimedia objects, scripting, style sheets,
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layout, forms, math and internationalization. W3C plans on incorporating
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this work in further versions of HTML.
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<h3><a name=sgml>HTML as an SGML Application</a></h3>
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<p>HTML 3.2 is an SGML application conforming to International Standard
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ISO 8879 -- Standard Generalized Markup Language. As an SGML
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application, the syntax of conforming HTML 3.2 documents is defined by
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the combination of the <a href="red.gif.html#sgmldecl">SGML declaration</a> and the
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<a href="red.gif.html#dtd">document type definition</a> (DTD). This specification
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defines the intended interpretation of HTML 3.2 elements, and places
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further constraints on the permitted syntax which are otherwise
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inexpressible in the DTD.
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<p>The SGML rules for record boundaries are tricky. In particular, a
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record end immediately following a start tag should be discarded. For
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is equivalent to:</p>
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<pre><P>Text</pre>
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<p>Similarly, a record end immediately preceding an end tag should be
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discarded. For example:
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<pre>Text</P></pre>
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<p>Except within literal text (e.g. the <samp>PRE</samp> element), HTML
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treats contiguous sequences of white space characters as being
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equivalent to a single space character (ASCII decimal 32). These rules
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allow authors considerable flexibility when editing the marked-up text
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directly. Note that future revisions to HTML may allow for the
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interpretation of the horizontal tab character (ASCII decimal 9) with
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respect to a tab rule defined by an associated style sheet.
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<p>SGML entities in PCDATA content or in CDATA attributes are expanded
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by the parser, e.g. <samp>&#233;</samp> is expanded to the ISO
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Latin-1 character decimal 233 (a lower case letter e with an acute
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accent). This could also have been written as a named character entity,
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e.g. <samp>&eacute;</samp>. The & character can be included
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in its own right using the named character entity <samp>&amp;</samp>.
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<p>HTML allows CDATA attributes to be unquoted provided the attribute
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value contains only letters (a to z and A to Z), digits (0 to 9),
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decimal 45) or, periods (ASCII decimal 46). Attribute values can
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be quoted using double or single quote marks (ASCII decimal 34 and
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39 respectively). Single quote marks can be included within the
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attribute value when the value is delimited by double quote marks,
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<p>Note that some user agents require attribute minimisation for the
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following attributes: <samp>COMPACT</samp>, <samp>ISMAP</samp>,
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<samp>CHECKED</samp>, <samp>NOWRAP</samp>, <samp>NOSHADE</samp> and
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<samp>NOHREF</samp>. These user agents don't accept syntax such as
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<samp>COMPACT=COMPACT</samp> or <samp>ISMAP=ISMAP</samp> although this
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is legitimate according to the HTML 3.2 DTD.
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<p>The SGML declaration and the DTD for use with HTML 3.2 are given in
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appendices. Further guidelines for parsing HTML are given in
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<a href="red.gif.html#refs">WD-html-lex</a>.
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<h3><a name=html>The Structure of HTML documents</a></h3>
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<p>HTML 3.2 Documents start with a <!DOCTYPE> declaration
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followed by an HTML element containing a <a href="red.gif.html#head"><samp>HEAD</samp></a>
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and then a <a href="red.gif.html#body"><samp>BODY</samp></a> element:
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<pre> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<TITLE>A study of population dynamics</TITLE>
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<i>... other head elements</i>
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<i>... document body</i>
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<P>In practice, the <samp>HTML</samp>, <a href="red.gif.html#head"><samp>HEAD</samp></a>
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and <a href="red.gif.html#body"><samp>BODY</samp></a> start and end tags can be omitted
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from the markup as these can be inferred in all cases by parsers conforming
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to the <a href="red.gif.html#dtd">HTML 3.2 DTD</a>.
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<p>Every conforming HTML 3.2 document <b>must</b> start with the
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<samp><!DOCTYPE></samp> declaration that is needed to distinguish
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HTML 3.2 documents from other versions of HTML. The HTML specification
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is not concerned with storage entities. As a result, it is not required
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that the document type declaration reside in the same storage entity
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(i.e. file). A Web site may choose to dynamically prepend HTML files
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with the document type declaration if it is known that all such HTML
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files conform to the HTML 3.2 specification.
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<p>Every HTML 3.2 document must also include the descriptive title
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element. A minimal HTML 3.2 document thus looks like:
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<pre> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<TITLE>A study of population dynamics</TITLE></pre>
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<p><i>Note: the word "Final" replaces "Draft" now that the HTML 3.2
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specification has been ratified by the W3C member organizations.</i>
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<h2><a name=head>The HEAD element</a></h2>
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<p>This contains the document head, but you can always omit both
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the start and end tags for <samp>HEAD</samp>. The contents of the
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document head is an unordered collection of the following elements:
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#title">The TITLE element</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#script">The STYLE element</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#script">The SCRIPT element</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#isindex">The ISINDEX element</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#base">The BASE element</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#meta">The META element</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#link">The LINK element</a>
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<pre><!ENTITY % head.content "TITLE & ISINDEX? & BASE?">
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<!ENTITY % head.misc "SCRIPT|STYLE|META|LINK">
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<!ELEMENT HEAD O O (%head.content) +(%head.misc)></pre>
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<p>The %head.misc entity is used to allow the associated elements
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to occur multiple times at arbitrary positions within the HEAD.
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The following elements can be part of the document head:
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<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#title">TITLE</a></b> defines the document title,
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and is always needed.
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<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#isindex">ISINDEX</a></b> for simple keyword searches,
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see <samp>PROMPT</samp> attribute.
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<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#base">BASE</a></b> defines base URL for resolving
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<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#script">SCRIPT</a></b> reserved for future use
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with scripting languages.
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<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#style">STYLE</a></b> reserved for future use
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<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#meta">META</a></b> used to supply meta info as
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<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#link">LINK</a></b> used to define relationships
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with other documents.
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<p><samp>TITLE</samp>, <samp>SCRIPT</samp> and <samp>STYLE</samp> are
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containers and require both start and end tags. The other elements are
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not containers so that end tags are forbidden. Note that conforming
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browsers won't render the contents of <samp>SCRIPT</samp> and
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<samp>STYLE</samp> elements.
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<h3><a name=title>TITLE</a></h3>
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<pre><!ELEMENT TITLE - - (#PCDATA)* -(%head.misc)></pre>
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<p>Every HTML 3.2 document <b>must</b> have exactly one
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<samp>TITLE</samp> element in the document's <samp>HEAD</samp>. It
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provides an advisory title which can be displayed in a user agent's
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window caption etc. The content model is PCDATA. As a result, character
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entities can be used for accented characters and to escape special
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characters such as & and <. Markup is not permitted in the
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content of a <samp>TITLE</samp> element.
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<p>Example TITLE element:
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<pre> <TITLE>A study of population dynamics</TITLE></pre>
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<h3><a name=style>STYLE</a> and <a name=script>SCRIPT</a></h3>
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<!ELEMENT STYLE - - CDATA -- placeholder for style info -->
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<!ELEMENT SCRIPT - - CDATA -- placeholder for script statements -->
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<p>These are place holders for the introduction of style sheets and
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client-side scripts in future versions of HTML. User agents should hide
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the contents of these elements.
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<p>These elements are defined with CDATA as the content type. As a
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result they may contain only SGML characters. All markup characters or
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delimiters are ignored and passed as data to the application, except for
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ETAGO ("</") delimiters followed immediately by a name character
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[a-zA-Z]. This means that the element's end-tag (or that of an element
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in which it is nested) is recognized, while an error occurs if the ETAGO
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<h3><a name=isindex>ISINDEX</a></h3>
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<pre> <!ELEMENT ISINDEX - O EMPTY>
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prompt CDATA #IMPLIED -- prompt message --></pre>
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<p>The <samp>ISINDEX</samp> element indicates that the user agent should
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provide a single line text input field for entering a query string.
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There are no restrictions on the number of characters that can be
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entered. The <samp>PROMPT</samp> attribute can be used to specify a
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prompt string for the input field, e.g.
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<pre> <ISINDEX PROMPT="Search Phrase"></pre>
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<p>The semantics for <samp>ISINDEX</samp> are currently well defined
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only when the base URL for the enclosing document is an HTTP URL.
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Typically, when the user presses the enter (return) key, the query
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string is sent to the server identified by the base URL for this
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document. For example, if the query string entered is "ten green apples"
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<pre> http://www.acme.com/</pre>
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<p>then the query generated is:
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<pre> http://www.acme.com/?ten+green+apples"</pre>
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<p>Note that space characters are mapped to "+" characters and that
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normal URL character escaping mechanisms apply. For further details see
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the <a href="red.gif.html#refs">HTTP</a> specification.
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<p><i><b>Note</b> in practice, the query string is resticted to Latin-1
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as there is no current mechanism for the URL to specify a character
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set for the query.</i>
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<h3><a name=base>BASE</a></h3>
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<pre> <!ELEMENT BASE - O EMPTY>
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<p>The <samp>BASE</samp> element gives the base URL for dereferencing
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relative URLs, using the rules given by the URL specification, e.g.
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<pre> <BASE href="http://www.acme.com/intro.html">
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<IMG SRC="icons/logo.gif"></pre>
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<p>The image is deferenced to
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<pre> http://www.acme.com/icons/logo.gif</pre>
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<p>In the absence of a <samp>BASE</samp> element the document URL should
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be used. Note that this is not necessarily the same as the URL used to
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request the document, as the base URL may be overridden by an HTTP
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header accompanying the document.
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<h3><a name=meta>META</a></h3>
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<!ELEMENT META - O EMPTY -- Generic Metainformation -->
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http-equiv NAME #IMPLIED -- HTTP response header name --
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name NAME #IMPLIED -- metainformation name --
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content CDATA #REQUIRED -- associated information --
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<p>The <samp>META</samp> element can be used to include name/value pairs
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describing properties of the document, such as author, expiry date,
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a list of key words etc. The <samp>NAME</samp> attribute specifies the
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property name while the <samp>CONTENT</samp> attribute specifies the
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<pre> <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Dave Raggett"></pre>
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<p>The <samp>HTTP-EQUIV</samp> attribute can be used in place of the
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<samp>NAME</samp> attribute and has a special significance when
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documents are retrieved via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP
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servers may use the property name specified by the HTTP-EQUIV attribute
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to create an RFC 822 style header in the HTTP response. This can't be
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used to set certain HTTP headers though, see the HTTP specification for
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<pre> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="Tue, 20 Aug 1996 14:25:27 GMT"></pre>
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<p>will result in the HTTP header:
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<pre> Expires: Tue, 20 Aug 1996 14:25:27 GMT</pre>
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<p>This can be used by caches to determine when to fetch a fresh copy
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of the associated document.
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<h3><a name=link>LINK</a></h3>
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<p><samp>LINK</samp> provides a media independent method for defining
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relationships with other documents and resources. <samp>LINK</samp> has
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been part of HTML since the very early days, although few browsers as
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yet take advantage of it (most still ignore <samp>LINK</samp> elements).
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<p>LINK elements can be used <em>in principle</em>:
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<li>for document specific navigation toolbars or menus
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<li>to control how collections of
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HTML files are rendered into printed documents
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<li>for linking associated resources such as
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style sheets and scripts
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<li>to provide alternative forms of the current document
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<!ELEMENT LINK - O EMPTY>
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href %URL #IMPLIED -- URL for linked resource --
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rel CDATA #IMPLIED -- forward link types --
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rev CDATA #IMPLIED -- reverse link types --
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title CDATA #IMPLIED -- advisory title string --
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<dd>Specifies a URL designating the linked resource.
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<dd>The forward relationship also known as the "link type". It specifies
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a named relationship from the enclosing document to the resource
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specified by the <samp>HREF</samp> attribute. HTML link relationships
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are as yet unstandardized, although some conventions have been
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<dd>This defines a reverse relationship. A link from document A to
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document B with <samp>REV=<em>relation</em></samp> expresses the same
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relationship as a link from B to A with <samp>REL=<em>relation</em></samp>.
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<samp>REV=made</samp> is sometimes used to identify the document author,
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either the author's email address with a mailto URL, or a link to the
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<dd>An advisory title for the linked resource.
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<p>Here are some proposed relationship values:
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<dt><samp>rel=top</samp>
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<dd>The link references the top of a hierarchy, e.g.
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the first or cover page in a collection.
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<dt><samp>rel=contents</samp>
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<dd>The link references a document serving as a table of contents.
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<dt><samp>rel=index</samp>
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<dd>The link references a document providing an index
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for the current document.
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<dt><samp>rel=glossary</samp>
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<dd>The link references a document providing a glossary
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of terms that are relevant to the current document.
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<dt><samp>rel=copyright</samp>
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<dd>The link references a copyright statement for
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the current document.
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<dt><samp>rel=next</samp>
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<dd>The link references the next document to visit in a guided tour.
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It can be used, for example, to preload the next page.
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<dt><samp>rel=previous</samp>
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<dd>The link references the previous document in a guided tour.
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<dt><samp>rel=help</samp>
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<dd>The link references a document offering help, e.g. describing
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the wider context and offering further links to relevant documents.
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This is aimed at reorienting users who have lost their way.
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<dt><samp>rel=search</samp>
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<dd>The link references a page for searching material related
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to a collection of pages
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<p>Example <samp>LINK</samp> elements:
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<pre> <LINK REL=Contents HREF=toc.html>
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<LINK REL=Previous HREF=doc31.html>
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<LINK REL=Next HREF=doc33.html>
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<LINK REL=Chapter REV=Contents HREF=chapter2.html></pre>
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<h2><a name=body>The BODY element</a></h2>
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<p>This contains the document body. Both start and end tags for
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<samp>BODY</samp> may be omitted. The body can contain a wide range
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#headings">Headings (H1 - H6)</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#address">The ADDRESS element</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#block">Block level Elements</a>
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<li><a href="red.gif.html#textlevel">Text level elements</a>
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<p>The key attributes are: <samp>BACKGROUND</samp>,
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<samp>BGCOLOR</samp>, <samp>TEXT</samp>, <samp>LINK</samp>,
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<samp>VLINK</samp> and <samp>ALINK</samp>. These can be used to set a
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repeating background image, plus background and foreground colors for
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normal text and hypertext links.
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<pre><!ENTITY % body.content "(%heading | %text | %block | ADDRESS)*">
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<!ENTITY % color "CDATA" -- a color specification: #HHHHHH @@ details? -->
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<!ENTITY % body-color-attrs "
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bgcolor %color #IMPLIED
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vlink %color #IMPLIED
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alink %color #IMPLIED
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<!ELEMENT BODY O O %body.content>
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background %URL #IMPLIED -- texture tile for document background --
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%body-color-attrs; -- bgcolor, text, link, vlink, alink --
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<pre> <body bgcolor=white text=black link=red vlink=maroon alink=fuchsia></pre>
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<dd>Specifies the background color for the document body.
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See below for the syntax of color values.
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<dd>Specifies the color used to stroke the document's text.
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This is generally used when you have changed the background
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color with the <samp>BGCOLOR</samp> or <samp>BACKGROUND</samp> attributes.
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<dd>Specifies the color used to stroke the text for unvisited hypertext
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<dd>Specifies the color used to stroke the text for visited hypertext
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<dd>Specifies the highlight color used to stroke the text for hypertext
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links at the moment the user clicks on the link.
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<dt><b>background</b>
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<dd>Specifies a URL for an image that will be used to tile the document
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<p><a name=colors>Colors</a> are given in the <a href="red.gif.html#refs">sRGB</a>
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color space as hexadecimal numbers (e.g. <samp>COLOR="#C0FFC0"</samp>),
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or as one of 16 widely understood color names. These colors were
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originally picked as being the standard 16 colors supported with the
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Windows VGA palette.</p>
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<table align=center width="80%" border=0 cellspacing=10 cellpadding=0>
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<caption><b>Color names and sRGB values</b><br></caption>
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<tr><td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/black.gif"><td>Black = "#000000"
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<td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/green.gif"><td>Green = "#008000"<br></tr>
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<tr><td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/silver.gif"><td>Silver = "#C0C0C0"
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<td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/lime.gif"><td>Lime = "#00FF00"<br></tr>
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<tr><td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/gray.gif"><td>Gray = "#808080"
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<td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/olive.gif"><td>Olive = "#808000"<br></tr>
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<tr><td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/white.gif"><td>White = "#FFFFFF"
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<td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/yellow.gif"><td>Yellow = "#FFFF00"<br></tr>
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<tr><td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/maroon.gif"><td>Maroon = "#800000"
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<td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/navy.gif"><td>Navy = "#000080"<br></tr>
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<tr><td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/red.gif"><td>Red = "#FF0000"
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<td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/blue.gif"><td>Blue = "#0000FF"<br></tr>
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<tr><td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/purple.gif"><td>Purple = "#800080"
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<td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/teal.gif"><td>Teal = "#008080"<br></tr>
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<tr><td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/fuchsia.gif"><td>Fuchsia = "#FF00FF"
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<td width=16><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/images/aqua.gif"><td>Aqua = "#00FFFF"<br></tr>
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<h3><a name=level>Block and Text level elements</a></h3>
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<p>Most elements that can appear in the document body fall into one of
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two groups: block level elements which cause paragraph breaks, and text
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level elements which don't. Common block level elements include
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<samp>H1</samp> to <samp>H6</samp> (headers), <samp>P</samp>
576
(paragraphs) <samp>LI</samp> (list items), and <samp>HR</samp>
577
(horizontal rules). Common text level elements include <samp>EM</samp>,
578
<samp>I</samp>, <samp>B</samp> and <samp>FONT</samp> (character
579
emphasis), <samp>A</samp> (hypertext links), <samp>IMG</samp> and
580
<samp>APPLET</samp> (embedded objects) and <samp>BR</samp> (line
581
breaks). Note that block elements generally act as containers for text
582
level and other block level elements (excluding headings and address
583
elements), while text level elements can only contain other text level
584
elements. The exact model depends on the element.
586
<h3><a name=headings>Headings</a></h3>
590
There are six levels of headers from H1 (the most important)
591
to H6 (the least important).
594
<!ELEMENT ( %heading ) - - (%text;)*>
595
<!ATTLIST ( %heading )
596
align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED
600
<p><samp>H1</samp>, <samp>H2</samp>, <samp>H3</samp>, <samp>H4</samp>,
601
<samp>H5</samp> and <samp>H6</samp> are used for document headings. You
602
always need the start and end tags. <samp>H1</samp> elements are more
603
important than <samp>H2</samp> elements and so on, so that
604
<samp>H6</samp> elements define the least important level of headings.
605
More important headings are generally rendered in a larger font than
606
less important ones. Use the optional <samp>ALIGN</samp> attribute to
607
set the text alignment within a heading, e.g.
609
<pre> <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> <i>... centered heading ...</i> </H1></pre>
611
<p>The default is left alignment, but this can be overridden by an
612
enclosing <a href="red.gif.html#div"><samp>DIV</samp></a> or <a
613
href="red.gif.html#center"><samp>CENTER</samp></a> element.
615
<h3><a name=address>ADDRESS</a></h3>
617
<pre> <!ENTITY % address.content "((%text;) | P)*">
619
<!ELEMENT ADDRESS - - %address.content></pre>
621
<p>The <samp>ADDRESS</samp> element requires start and end tags, and
622
specifies information such as authorship and contact details for the
623
current document. User agents should render the content with
624
paragraph-breaks before and after. Note that the content is restricted
625
to paragraphs, plain text and text-like elements as defined by the %text
631
Newsletter editor<BR>
633
8723 Buena Vista, Smallville, CT 01234<BR>
634
Tel: +1 (123) 456 7890
635
</ADDRESS></PRE>
637
<h3><a name=block>Block elements</a></h3>
640
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#para">P</a></b> <i>paragraphs</i>
641
<dd>The paragraph element requires a start tag, but the end tag can
642
always be omitted. Use the <samp>ALIGN</samp> attribute to set the text
643
alignment within a paragraph, e.g. <samp><P ALIGN=RIGHT></samp>
645
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#ul">UL</a></b> <i>unordered lists</i>
646
<dd>These require start and end tags, and contain one or more
647
<samp>LI</samp> elements representing individual list items.
649
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#ol">OL</a></b> <i>ordered (i.e. numbered) lists</i>
650
<dd>These require start and end tags, and contain one or more
651
<samp>LI</samp> elements representing individual list items.
653
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#dl">DL</a></b> <i>definition lists</i>
654
<dd>These require start and end tags and contain <samp>DT</samp>
655
elements that give the terms, and <samp>DD</samp> elements that give
656
corresponding definitions.
658
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#pre">PRE</a></b> <i>preformatted text</i>
659
<dd>Requires start and end tags. These elements are rendered with a
660
monospaced font and preserve layout defined by whitespace and line
663
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#div">DIV</a></b> <i>document divisions</i>
664
<dd>Requires start and end tags. It is used with the <samp>ALIGN</samp>
665
attribute to set the text alignment of the block elements it contains.
666
<samp>ALIGN</samp> can be one of <samp>LEFT</samp>, <samp>CENTER</samp>
667
or <samp>RIGHT</samp>.
669
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#center">CENTER</a></B> <i>text alignment</i>
670
<dd>Requires start and end tags. It is used to center text lines
671
enclosed by the <samp>CENTER</samp> element. See <samp>DIV</samp>
672
for a more general solution.
674
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#bq">BLOCKQUOTE</a></b> <i>quoted passage</i>
675
<dd>Requires start and end tags. It is used to enclose extended
676
quotations and is typically rendered with indented margins.
678
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#form">FORM</a></b> <i>fill-out forms</i>
679
<dd>Requires start and end tags. This element is used to define
680
a fill-out form for processing by HTTP servers. The attributes
681
are <samp>ACTION</samp>, <samp>METHOD</samp> and <samp>ENCTYPE</samp>.
682
Form elements can't be nested.
684
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#isindex">ISINDEX</a></b> <i>primitive HTML forms</i>
685
<dd>Not a container, so the end tag is forbidden. This predates
686
<samp>FORM</samp> and is used for simple kinds of forms which have a
687
single text input field, implied by this element. A single
688
<samp>ISINDEX</samp> can appear in the document head or body.
690
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#hr">HR</a></b> <i>horizontal rules</i>
691
<dd>Not a container, so the end tag is forbidden. attributes are
692
<samp>ALIGN</samp>, <samp>NOSHADE</samp>, <samp>SIZE</samp> and
695
<dt><b><a href="red.gif.html#table">TABLE</a></b> <i>can be nested</i>
696
<dd>Requires start and end tags. Each table starts with an optional
697
<samp>CAPTION</samp> followed by one or more <samp>TR</samp> elements
698
defining table rows. Each row has one or more cells defined by
699
<samp>TH</samp> or <samp>TD</samp> elements. attributes for
700
<samp>TABLE</samp> elements are <samp>WIDTH</samp>, <samp>BORDER</samp>,
701
<samp>CELLSPACING</samp> and <samp>CELLPADDING</samp>.
705
<h3><a name=para>Paragraphs</a></h3>
707
<pre> <!ELEMENT P - O (%text)*>
709
align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED
712
<p>The <samp>P</samp> element is used to markup paragraphs. It is a
713
container and requires a start tag. The end tag is optional as it can
714
always be inferred by the parser. User agents should place paragraph
715
breaks before and after <samp>P</samp> elements. The rendering is user
716
agent dependent, but text is generally wrapped to fit the space
721
<pre> <P>This is the first paragraph.
722
<P>This is the second paragraph.</pre>
724
<p>Paragraphs are usually rendered flush left with a ragged right
725
margin. The <samp>ALIGN</samp> attribute can be used to explicitly
726
specify the horizontal alignment:
729
<dt><samp>align=left</samp><dd>The paragraph is rendered flush left.
730
<dt><samp>align=center</samp><dd>The paragraph is centered.
731
<dt><samp>align=right</samp><dd>The paragraph is rendered flush right.
736
<PRE><p align=center>This is a centered paragraph.
737
<p align=right>and this is a flush right paragraph.</PRE>
739
<p>The default is left alignment, but this can be overridden by an
740
enclosing <a href="red.gif.html#div"><samp>DIV</samp></a> or
741
<a href="red.gif.html#center"><samp>CENTER</samp></a> element.
743
<h3><a name=lists>Lists</a></h3>
745
<p>List items can contain block and text level items, including
746
nested lists, although headings and address elements are excluded.
747
This limitation is defined via the %flow entity.
749
<h4><a name=ul>Unordered Lists</a></h4>
752
<!ELEMENT UL - - (LI)+>
753
<!ENTITY % ULStyle "disc|square|circle">
755
<!ATTLIST UL -- unordered lists --
756
type (%ULStyle) #IMPLIED -- bullet style --
757
compact (compact) #IMPLIED -- reduced interitem spacing --
760
<!ELEMENT LI - O %flow -- list item -->
762
type (%LIStyle) #IMPLIED -- list item style --
766
<p>Unordered lists take the form:
769
<LI> <i>... first list item</i>
770
<LI> <i>... second list item</i>
774
<P>The <samp>UL</samp> element is used for unordered lists. Both start
775
and end tags are always needed. The <samp>LI</samp> element is used for
776
individual list items. The end tag for <samp>LI</samp> elements can
777
always be omitted. Note that <samp>LI</samp> elements can contain nested
778
lists. The <samp>COMPACT</samp> attribute can be used as a hint to the
779
user agent to render lists in a more compact style.
781
<p>The <samp>TYPE</samp> attribute can be used to set the bullet style
782
on <samp>UL</samp> and <samp>LI</samp> elements. The permitted values
783
are "disc", "square" or "circle". The default generally depends on the
784
level of nesting for lists.
787
<li type=disc>with <samp><li type=disc></samp>
788
<li type=square>with <samp><li type=square></samp>
789
<li type=circle>with <samp><li type=circle></samp>
792
<p><i>This list was chosen to cater for the original bullet shapes used by
795
<h4><a name=ol>Ordered (i.e. numbered) Lists</a></h4>
798
<!ELEMENT OL - - (LI)+>
799
<!ATTLIST OL -- ordered lists --
800
type CDATA #IMPLIED -- numbering style --
801
start NUMBER #IMPLIED -- starting sequence number --
802
compact (compact) #IMPLIED -- reduced interitem spacing --
805
<!ELEMENT LI - O %flow -- list item -->
807
type CDATA #IMPLIED -- list item style --
808
value NUMBER #IMPLIED -- set sequence number --
812
<p>Ordered (i.e. numbered) lists take the form:</p>
815
<LI> <i>... first list item</i>
816
<LI> <i>... second list item</i>
820
<p>The <samp>OL</samp> <samp>START</samp> attribute can be used to
821
initialize the sequence number (by default it is initialized to 1).
822
You can set it later on with the <samp>VALUE</samp> attribute on
823
<samp>LI</samp> elements. Both of these attributes expect integer
824
values. You can't indicate that numbering should be continued from a
825
previous list, or to skip missing values without giving an explicit
828
<p>The <samp>COMPACT</samp> attribute can be used as a hint to the user
829
agent to render lists in a more compact style. The <samp>OL</samp>
830
<samp>TYPE</samp> attribute allows you to set the numbering style for
833
<table border=1 width="80%" align=center>
834
<tr><th>Type <th colspan=2>Numbering style<br></tr>
835
<tr><td align=center>1 <td align=center>Arabic numbers<td align=center>1, 2, 3, ...<br></tr>
836
<tr><td align=center>a <td align=center>lower alpha<td align=center>a, b, c, ...<br></tr>
837
<tr><td align=center>A <td align=center>upper alpha<td align=center>A, B, C, ...<br></tr>
838
<tr><td align=center>i <td align=center>lower roman<td align=center>i, ii, iii, ...<br></tr>
839
<tr><td align=center>I <td align=center>upper roman<td align=center>I, II, III, ...<br></tr>
842
<h4><a name=dl>Definition Lists</a></h4>
845
<!-- definition lists - DT for term, DD for its definition -->
847
<!ELEMENT DL - - (DT|DD)+>
849
compact (compact) #IMPLIED -- more compact style --
852
<!ELEMENT DT - O (%text)*>
853
<!ELEMENT DD - O %flow;>
856
<p>Definition lists take the form:
859
<DT> <i>term name</i>
860
<DD> <i>term definition</i>
864
<p><samp>DT</samp> elements can only act as containers for text level
865
elements, while <samp>DD</samp> elements can hold block level elements
866
as well, excluding headings and address elements.
871
<DT>Term 1<dd>This is the definition of the first term.
872
<DT>Term 2<dd>This is the definition of the second term.
875
<P>which could be rendered as:
878
<dt>Term 1<dd>This is the definition of the first term.
879
<dt>Term 2<dd>This is the definition of the second term.
882
<p>The <samp>COMPACT</samp> attribute can be used with the
883
<samp>DL</samp> element as a hint to the user agent to render
884
lists in a more compact style.
886
<h4><a name=dir>DIR</a> and <a name=menu>MENU</a></h4>
888
<pre><!ELEMENT (DIR|MENU) - - (LI)+ -(%block)>
889
<!ATTLIST (DIR|MENU)
890
compact (compact) #IMPLIED
893
<p>These elements have been part of HTML from the early days. They are
894
intended for unordered lists similar to <samp>UL</samp> elements. User
895
agents are recommended to render <samp>DIR</samp> elements as
896
multicolumn directory lists, and <samp>MENU</samp> elements as single
897
column menu lists. In practice, Mosaic and most other user agents
898
have ignored this advice and instead render <samp>DIR</samp> and
899
<samp>MENU</samp> in an identical way to <samp>UL</samp> elements.
901
<h3><a name=pre>Preformatted Text</a></h3>
903
<pre><!ELEMENT PRE - - (%text)* -(%pre.exclusion)>
905
width NUMBER #implied
908
<p>The <samp>PRE</samp> element can be used to include preformatted
909
text. User agents render this in a fixed pitch font, preserving spacing
910
associated with white space characters such as space and newline
911
characters. Automatic word-wrap should be disabled within
912
<samp>PRE</samp> elements.
914
<p>Note that the SGML standard requires that the parser
915
remove a newline immediately following the start tag
916
or immediately preceding the end tag.
918
<p><samp>PRE</samp> has the same content model as paragraphs,
919
excluding images and elements that produce changes in font size,
920
e.g. <samp>IMG</samp>, <samp>BIG</samp>, <samp>SMALL</samp>,
921
<samp>SUB</samp>, <samp>SUP</samp> and <samp>FONT</samp>.
923
<p>A few user agents support the <samp>WIDTH</samp> attribute. It
924
provides a hint to the user agent of the required width in characters.
925
The user agent can use this to select an appropriate font size or to
926
indent the content appropriately.
928
<p>Here is an example of a <samp>PRE</samp> element; a verse from
929
Shelley (To a Skylark):
932
Higher still and higher
933
From the earth thou springest
934
Like a cloud of fire;
935
The blue deep thou wingest,
936
And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.
939
which is rendered as:
941
<pre> Higher still and higher
942
From the earth thou springest
943
Like a cloud of fire;
944
The blue deep thou wingest,
945
And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.</PRE>
947
<p>The horizontal tab character (encoded in Unicode, US ASCII and
948
ISO 8859-1 as decimal 9) should be interpreted as the smallest
949
non-zero number of spaces which will leave the number of characters
950
so far on the line as a multiple of 8. Its use is strongly discouraged
951
since it is common practice when editing to set the tab-spacing to other
952
values, leading to misaligned documents.
954
<h4><a name=xmp>XMP</a>, <a name=listing>LISTING</a> and
955
<a name=plaintext>PLAINTEXT</a></h4>
957
<pre><![ %HTML.Deprecated [
959
<!ENTITY % literal "CDATA"
960
-- historical, non-conforming parsing mode where
961
the only markup signal is the end tag
965
<!ELEMENT (XMP|LISTING) - - %literal>
966
<!ELEMENT PLAINTEXT - O %literal>
970
<p>These are obsolete tags for preformatted text that predate the
971
introduction of <a href="red.gif.html#pre">PRE</a>. User agents may support these
972
for backwards compatibility. Authors should avoid using them in new
975
<h3><a name=div>DIV</a> and <a name=center>CENTER</a></h3>
977
<pre><!ELEMENT DIV - - %body.content>
979
align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED -- alignment of following text --
982
<!-- CENTER is a shorthand for DIV with ALIGN=CENTER -->
983
<!ELEMENT center - - %body.content></pre>
985
<p><samp>DIV</samp> elements can be used to structure HTML documents as
986
a hierarchy of divisions. The <samp>ALIGN</samp> attribute can be used
987
to set the default horizontal alignment for elements within the content
988
of the <samp>DIV</samp> element. Its value is restricted to
989
<samp>LEFT</samp>, <samp>CENTER</samp> or <samp>RIGHT</samp>, and is
990
defined in the same way as for the paragraph element
991
<samp><P></samp>.
993
<p>Note that because <samp>DIV</samp> is a block-like element it will
994
terminate an open <samp>P</samp> element. Other than this, user agents
995
are <b>not</b> expected to render paragraph breaks before and after
996
<samp>DIV</samp> elements. <samp>CENTER</samp> is directly equivalent
997
to <samp>DIV</samp> with <samp>ALIGN=CENTER</samp>. Both
998
<samp>DIV</samp> and <samp>CENTER</samp> require start and end tags.
1000
<p><i><samp>CENTER</samp> was introduced by Netscape before they added
1001
support for the HTML 3.0 <samp>DIV</samp> element. It is retained in
1002
HTML 3.2 on account of its widespread deployment.</i>
1004
<h3><b><a name=bq>BLOCKQUOTE</a></b></h3>
1006
<pre><!ELEMENT BLOCKQUOTE - - %body.content></pre>
1008
<p>This is used to enclose block quotations from other works.
1009
Both the start and end tags are required. It is often rendered
1013
They went in single file, running like hounds on a strong scent,
1014
and an eager light was in their eyes. Nearly due west the broad
1015
swath of the marching Orcs tramped its ugly slot; the sweet grass
1016
of Rohan had been bruised and blackened as they passed.
1019
<p align=right><em>from "The Two Towers" by J.R.R. Tolkien.</em>
1021
<h3><b><a name=form>FORM</a></b></h3>
1024
<!ENTITY % HTTP-Method "GET | POST"
1025
-- as per HTTP specification
1028
<!ELEMENT FORM - - %body.content -(FORM)>
1030
action %URL #IMPLIED -- server-side form handler --
1031
method (%HTTP-Method) GET -- see HTTP specification --
1032
enctype %Content-Type; "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
1035
<p>This is used to define an HTML form, and you can have more than one form
1036
in the same document. Both the start and end tags are required. For very
1037
simple forms, you can also use the <a href="red.gif.html#isindex"><samp>ISINDEX</samp></a>
1038
element. Forms can contain a wide range of HTML markup including several
1039
kinds of <a href="red.gif.html#fields">form fields</a> such as single and multi-line
1040
text fields, radio button groups, checkboxes, and menus.
1044
<dd>This specifies a URL which is either used to post forms via email,
1045
e.g. <samp>action="mailto:foo@bar.com"</samp>, or used to invoke a
1046
server-side forms handler via HTTP, e.g.
1047
<samp>action="http://www.acme.com/cgi-bin/register.pl"</samp>
1050
<dd>When the action attribute specifies an HTTP server, the method
1051
attribute determines which HTTP method will be used to send the form's
1052
contents to the server. It can be either <samp>GET</samp> or
1053
<samp>POST</samp>, and defaults to <samp>GET</samp>.
1056
<dd>This determines the mechanism used to encode the form's contents.
1057
It defaults to <em>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</em>.
1060
<p>Further details on handling forms are given in RFC 1867.
1062
<h3><b><a name=hr>HR</a></b> <i>- horizontal rules</i></h3>
1064
<p>Horizontal rules may be used to indicate a change in topic.
1065
In a speech based user agent, the rule could be rendered as a pause.
1067
<pre><!ELEMENT HR - O EMPTY>
1069
align (left|right|center) #IMPLIED
1070
noshade (noshade) #IMPLIED
1071
size %Pixels #IMPLIED
1072
width %Length #IMPLIED
1075
<p><samp>HR</samp> elements are not containers so the end tag is forbidden.
1076
The attributes are: <samp>ALIGN</samp>, <samp>NOSHADE</samp>,
1077
<samp>SIZE</samp> and <samp>WIDTH</samp>.
1081
<dd>This determines whether the rule is placed at the left, center
1082
or right of the space between the current left and right margins
1083
for <samp>align=left</samp>, <samp>align=center</samp> or
1084
<samp>align=right</samp> respectively. By default, the rule is centered.
1087
<dd>This attribute requests the user agent to render the rule in a
1088
solid color rather than as the traditional two colour "groove".
1091
<dd>This can be used to set the height of the rule in pixels.
1094
<dd>This can be used to set the width of the rule in
1095
pixels (e.g. <samp>width=100</samp>) or as the percentage between the
1096
current left and right margins (e.g. <samp>width="50%"</samp>). The
1097
default is 100%. </dl>
1099
<h3><a name=table>Tables</a></h3>
1101
<p>HTML 3.2 includes a widely deployed subset of the specification
1102
given in <a href="red.gif.html#refs">RFC 1942</a> and can be used to
1103
markup tabular material or for layout purposes. Note that the latter
1104
role typically causes problems when rending to speech or to text
1108
<!-- horizontal placement of table relative to window -->
1109
<!ENTITY % Where "(left|center|right)">
1111
<!-- horizontal alignment attributes for cell contents -->
1112
<!ENTITY % cell.halign
1113
"align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED"
1116
<!-- vertical alignment attributes for cell contents -->
1117
<!ENTITY % cell.valign
1118
"valign (top|middle|bottom) #IMPLIED"
1121
<!ELEMENT table - - (caption?, tr+)>
1122
<!ELEMENT tr - O (th|td)*>
1123
<!ELEMENT (th|td) - O %body.content>
1125
<!ATTLIST table -- table element --
1126
align %Where; #IMPLIED -- table position relative to window --
1127
width %Length #IMPLIED -- table width relative to window --
1128
border %Pixels #IMPLIED -- controls frame width around table --
1129
cellspacing %Pixels #IMPLIED -- spacing between cells --
1130
cellpadding %Pixels #IMPLIED -- spacing within cells --
1133
<!ELEMENT CAPTION - - (%text;)* -- table or figure caption -->
1134
<!ATTLIST CAPTION
1135
align (top|bottom) #IMPLIED
1138
<!ATTLIST tr -- table row --
1139
%cell.halign; -- horizontal alignment in cells --
1140
%cell.valign; -- vertical alignment in cells --
1143
<!ATTLIST (th|td) -- header or data cell --
1144
nowrap (nowrap) #IMPLIED -- suppress word wrap --
1145
rowspan NUMBER 1 -- number of rows spanned by cell --
1146
colspan NUMBER 1 -- number of cols spanned by cell --
1147
%cell.halign; -- horizontal alignment in cells --
1148
%cell.valign; -- vertical alignment in cells --
1149
width %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested width for cell --
1150
height %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested height for cell --
1154
<p>Tables take the general form:
1156
<pre> <TABLE BORDER=3 CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=2 WIDTH="80%">
1157
<CAPTION><i> ... table caption ...</i> </CAPTION>
1158
<TR><TD> <i>first cell</i> <TD> <i>second cell</i>
1161
</TABLE></pre>
1163
<p>The attributes on <samp>TABLE</samp> are all optional. By default,
1164
the table is rendered without a surrounding border. The table is
1165
generally sized automatically to fit the contents, but you can also set
1166
the table width using the <samp>WIDTH</samp> attribute.
1167
<samp>BORDER</samp>, <samp>CELLSPACING</samp> and
1168
<samp>CELLPADDING</samp> provide further control over the table's
1169
appearence. Captions are rendered at the top or bottom of the table
1170
depending on the <samp>ALIGN</samp> attribute.
1172
<p>Each table row is contained in a <samp>TR</samp> element, although
1173
the end tag can always be omitted. Table cells are defined by
1174
<samp>TD</samp> elements for data and <samp>TH</samp> elements for
1175
headers. Like <samp>TR</samp>, these are containers and can be given
1176
without trailing end tags. <samp>TH</samp> and <samp>TD</samp> support
1177
several attributes: <samp>ALIGN</samp> and <samp>VALIGN</samp> for
1178
aligning cell content, <samp>ROWSPAN</samp> and <samp>COLSPAN</samp> for
1179
cells which span more than one row or column. A cell can contain a wide
1180
variety of other block and text level elements including form fields and
1183
<p>The <samp>TABLE</samp> element always requires both start and end tags.
1184
It supports the following attributes:
1188
<dd>This takes one of the case insensitive values: <samp>LEFT</samp>,
1189
<samp>CENTER</samp> or <samp>RIGHT</samp>. It specifies the horizontal
1190
placement of the table relative to the current left and right margins.
1191
It defaults to left alignment, but this can be overridden by an
1192
enclosing <a href="red.gif.html#div"><samp>DIV</samp></a> or
1193
<a href="red.gif.html#center"><samp>CENTER</samp></a> element.
1196
<dd>In the absence of this attribute the table width is automatically
1197
determined from the table contents. You can use the <samp>WIDTH</samp>
1198
attribute to set the table width to a fixed value in pixels (e.g.
1199
<samp>WIDTH=212</samp>) or as a percentage of the space between the
1200
current left and right margins (e.g. <samp>WIDTH="80%"</samp>).
1203
<dd>This attribute can be used to specify the width of the outer border
1204
around the table to a given number of pixels (e.g.
1205
<samp>BORDER=4</samp>). The value can be set to zero to suppress the
1206
border altogether. In the absence of this attribute the border should be
1207
suppressed. Note that some browsers also accept <samp><TABLE
1208
BORDER></samp> with the same semantics as <samp>BORDER=1</samp>.
1210
<dt><b>cellspacing</b>
1211
<dd>In traditional desktop publishing software, adjacent table cells
1212
share a common border. This is not the case in HTML. Each cell is given
1213
its own border which is separated from the borders around neighboring
1214
cells. This separation can be set in pixels using the
1215
<samp>CELLSPACING</samp> attribute, (e.g. <samp>CELLSPACING=10</samp>).
1216
The same value also determines the separation between the table border
1217
and the borders of the outermost cells.
1219
<dt><b>cellpadding</b>
1220
<dd>This sets the padding in pixels between the border around each cell
1221
and the cell's contents.
1224
<p>The <samp>CAPTION</samp> element has one attribute <samp>ALIGN</samp>
1225
which can be either <samp>ALIGN=TOP</samp> or <samp>ALIGN=BOTTOM</samp>.
1226
This can be used to force the caption to be placed above the top or
1227
below the bottom of the table respectively. Most user agents default to
1228
placing the caption above the table. <samp>CAPTION</samp> always
1229
requires both start and end tags. Captions are limited to plain text and
1230
text-level elements as defined by the %text entity. Block level elements
1233
<p>The <samp>TR</samp> or table row element requires a start tag, but
1234
the end tag can always be left out. <samp>TR</samp> acts as a container
1235
for table cells. It has two attributes:
1239
<dd>Sets the default horizontal alignment of cell contents. It takes
1240
one of the case insensitive values: <samp>LEFT</samp>, <samp>CENTER</samp>
1241
or <samp>RIGHT</samp> and plays the same role as the <samp>ALIGN</samp>
1242
attribute on paragraph elements.
1245
<dd>This can be used to set the default vertical alignment of cell
1246
contents within each cell. It takes one of the case insensitive values:
1247
<samp>TOP</samp>, <samp>MIDDLE</samp> or <samp>BOTTOM</samp> to position
1248
the cell contents at the top, middle or bottom of the cell respectively.
1251
<p>There are two elements for defining table cells. <samp>TH</samp> is
1252
used for header cells and <samp>TD</samp> for data cells. This
1253
distinction allows user agents to render header and data cells in
1254
different fonts, and enables speech based browsers to do a better job.
1255
The start tags for <samp>TH</samp> and <samp>TD</samp> are always needed
1256
but the end tags can be left out. Table cells can have the following
1261
<dd>The presence of this attribute disables automatic word wrap
1262
within the contents of this cell (e.g. <samp><TD NOWRAP></samp>).
1263
This is equivalent to using the <samp>&nbsp;</samp> entity for
1264
non-breaking spaces within the content of the cell.
1267
<dd>This takes a positive integer value specifying the number of
1268
rows spanned by this cell. It defaults to one.
1271
<dd>This takes a positive integer value specifying the number of
1272
columns spanned by this cell. It defaults to one.
1274
<dt><b>align</b> <dd>Specifies the default horizontal alignment of cell
1275
contents, and overrides the <samp>ALIGN</samp> attribute on the table
1276
row. It takes the same values: <samp>LEFT</samp>, <samp>CENTER</samp>
1277
and <samp>RIGHT</samp>. If you don't specify an <samp>ALIGN</samp>
1278
attribute value on the cell, the default is left alignment for
1279
<samp><td></samp> and center alignment for <samp><th></samp>
1280
although you can override this with an <samp>ALIGN</samp> attribute on
1281
the <samp>TR</samp> element.
1283
<dt><b>valign</b> <dd>Specifies the default vertical alignment of cell
1284
contents, overriding the <samp>VALIGN</samp> attribute on the table row.
1285
It takes the same values: <samp>TOP</samp>, <samp>MIDDLE</samp> and
1286
<samp>BOTTOM</samp>. If you don't specify a VALIGN attribute value on
1287
the cell, the default is middle although you can override this with a
1288
<samp>VALIGN</samp> attribute on the <samp>TR</samp> element.
1291
<dd>Specifies the suggested width for a cell content in pixels
1292
excluding the cell padding. This value will normally be
1293
used except when it conflicts with the width requirements
1294
for other cells in the same column.
1297
<dd>Specifies the suggested height for a cell content in pixels
1298
excluding the cell padding. This value will normally be
1299
used except when it conflicts with the height requirements
1300
for other cells in the same row.
1303
<p>Tables are commonly rendered in bas-relief, raised up with the outer
1304
border as a bevel, and individual cells inset into this raised surface.
1305
Borders around individual cells are only drawn if the cell has explicit
1306
content. White space doesn't count for this purpose with the exception
1309
<p>The algorithms used to automatically size tables should take
1310
into account the minimum and maximum width requirements for each
1311
cell. This is used to determine the minimum and maximum width
1312
requirements for each column and hence for the table itself.
1314
<p>Cells spanning more than one column contribute to the
1315
widths of each of the columns spanned. One approach is to evenly
1316
apportion the cell's minimum and maximum width between these
1317
columns, another is to weight the apportioning according to the
1318
contributions from cells that don't span multiple columns.
1320
<p>For some user agents it may be necessary or desirable to break
1321
text lines within words. In such cases a visual indication that this
1322
has occurred is advised.
1324
<p>The minimum and maximum width of nested tables contribute to the
1325
minimum and maximum width of the cell in which they occur. Once the
1326
width requirements are known for the top level table, the column widths
1327
for that table can be assigned. This allows the widths of nested tables
1328
to be assigned and hence in turn the column widths of such tables.
1329
If practical, all columns should be assigned at least their minimum
1330
widths. It is suggested that any surplus space is then shared out
1331
proportional to the difference between the minimum and maximum width
1332
requirements of each column.
1334
<p>Note that pixel values for width and height refer to screen pixels, and
1335
should be multiplied by an appropriate factor when rendering to very high
1336
resolution devices such as laser printers. For instance if a user agent has
1337
a display with 75 pixels per inch and is rendering to a laser printer with
1338
600 dots per inch, then the pixel values given in HTML attributes should be
1339
multiplied by a factor of 8.
1342
<h2><a name=textlevel>Text level elements</a></h2>
1344
<p>These don't cause paragraph breaks. Text level elements
1345
that define character styles can generally be nested. They can
1346
contain other text level elements but not block level elements.
1349
<li><a href="red.gif.html#font-style">Font style elements</a>
1350
<li><a href="red.gif.html#phrase">Phrase elements</a>
1351
<li><a href="red.gif.html#fields">Form Fields</a>
1352
<li><a href="red.gif.html#anchor">The A (anchor) element</a>
1353
<li><a href="red.gif.html#img">IMG - inline images</a>
1354
<li><a href="red.gif.html#applet">APPLET <em>(Java Applets)</em></a>
1355
<li><a href="red.gif.html#font">FONT elements</a>
1356
<li><a href="red.gif.html#basefont">BASEFONT elements</a>
1357
<li><a href="red.gif.html#br">BR - line breaks</a>
1358
<li><a href="red.gif.html#map">MAP - client-side image maps</a>
1361
<h3><a name=font-style>Font style elements</a></h3>
1363
<p>These all require start and end tags, e.g.
1365
<pre> This has some <B>bold text</B>.</pre>
1367
<p>Text level elements must be properly nested - the following
1370
<pre> This has some <B>bold and <I></B>italic text</I>.</pre>
1372
User agents should do their best to respect nested emphasis, e.g.
1374
<pre> This has some <B>bold and <I>italic text</I></B>.</pre>
1376
<p>Where the available fonts are restricted or for speech output, alternative
1377
means should be used for rendering differences in emphasis.
1380
<dt><b>TT</b> teletype or monospaced text
1381
<dt><b>I</b> italic text style
1382
<dt><b>B</b> bold text style
1383
<dt><b>U</b> underlined text style
1384
<dt><b>STRIKE</b> strike-through text style
1385
<dt><b>BIG</b> places text in a large font
1386
<dt><b>SMALL</b> places text in a small font
1387
<dt><b>SUB</b> places text in subscript style
1388
<dt><b>SUP</b> places text in superscript style
1391
<P><i>Note: future revisions to HTML may be phase out STRIKE
1392
in favor of the more concise "S" tag from HTML 3.0.</i>
1394
<h3><a name=phrase>Phrase Elements</a></h3>
1396
<p>These all require start and end tags, e.g.
1398
<pre> This has some <EM>emphasized text</EM>.</pre>
1401
<dt><b>EM</b> basic emphasis typically rendered in an italic font
1402
<dt><b>STRONG</b> strong emphasis typically rendered in a bold font
1403
<dt><b>DFN</b> defining instance of the enclosed term
1404
<dt><b>CODE</b> used for extracts from program code
1405
<dt><b>SAMP</b> used for sample output from programs, and scripts etc.
1406
<dt><b>KBD</b> used for text to be typed by the user
1407
<dt><b>VAR</b> used for variables or arguments to commands
1408
<dt><b>CITE</b> used for citations or references to other sources
1411
<h3><a name=fields>Form fields</a></h3>
1413
<p><a href="red.gif.html#input"><samp>INPUT</samp></a>,
1414
<a href="red.gif.html#select"><samp>SELECT</samp></a> and
1415
<a href="red.gif.html#textarea"><samp>TEXTAREA</samp></a> are only allowed within
1416
<samp>FORM</samp> elements. <a href="red.gif.html#input"><samp>INPUT</samp></a> can
1417
be used for a variety of form fields including single line text fields,
1418
password fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, submit and reset buttons,
1419
hidden fields, file upload, and image buttons.
1420
<a href="red.gif.html#select"><samp>SELECT</samp></a> elements are used for single or
1421
multiple choice menus. <a href="red.gif.html#textarea"><samp>TEXTAREA</samp></a>
1422
elements are used to define multi-line text fields. The content of the
1423
element is used to initialize the field.
1425
<h3><a name=input>INPUT <em>text fields, radio buttons, check boxes, ...</em></a></h3>
1427
<p><samp>INPUT</samp> elements are not containers and so the end tag is
1430
<pre><!ENTITY % IAlign "(top|middle|bottom|left|right)">
1432
<!ENTITY % InputType
1433
"(TEXT | PASSWORD | CHECKBOX | RADIO | SUBMIT
1434
| RESET | FILE | HIDDEN | IMAGE)">
1436
<!ELEMENT INPUT - O EMPTY>
1438
type %InputType TEXT -- what kind of widget is needed --
1439
name CDATA #IMPLIED -- required for all but submit and reset --
1440
value CDATA #IMPLIED -- required for radio and checkboxes --
1441
checked (checked) #IMPLIED -- for radio buttons and check boxes --
1442
size CDATA #IMPLIED -- specific to each type of field --
1443
maxlength NUMBER #IMPLIED
1444
src %URL #IMPLIED -- for fields with background images --
1445
align %IAlign #IMPLIED -- vertical or horizontal alignment --
1450
<dd>Used to set the type of input field:<p></p>
1453
<dt><samp>type=text</samp> <em>(the default)</em>
1454
<dd>A single line text field whose visible size can be set using the <a
1455
href="red.gif.html#isize"><samp>size</samp></a> attribute, e.g. <samp>size=40</samp>
1456
for a 40 character wide field. Users should be able to type more than
1457
this limit though with the text scrolling through the field to keep the
1458
input cursor in view. You can enforce an upper limit on the number of
1459
characters that can be entered with the <a
1460
href="red.gif.html#maxlen"><samp>maxlength</samp></a> attribute. The <a
1461
href="red.gif.html#name"><samp>name</samp></a> attribute is used to name the field,
1462
while the <a href="red.gif.html#value"><samp>value</samp></a> attribute can be used
1463
to initialize the text string shown in the field when the document is
1467
<pre> <input type=text size=40 name=user value="your name"></pre>
1469
<dt><samp>type=password</samp>
1470
<dd>This is like type=text, but echoes characters using a character
1471
like * to hide the text from prying eyes when entering passwords.
1472
You can use <a href="red.gif.html#isize"><samp>size</samp></a> and
1473
<a href="red.gif.html#maxlen"><samp>maxlength</samp></a> attributes to control
1474
the visible and maximum length exactly as per
1475
regular text fields.
1477
<pre> <input type=password size=12 name=pw></pre>
1480
<dt><samp>type=checkbox</samp>
1481
<dd>Used for simple Boolean attributes, or for attributes that can take
1482
multiple values at the same time. The latter is represented by several
1483
checkbox fields with the same <a href="red.gif.html#name"><samp>name</samp></a> and
1484
a different <a href="red.gif.html#value"><samp>value</samp></a> attribute. Each checked
1485
checkbox generates a separate name/value pair in the submitted data, even
1486
if this results in duplicate names. Use the
1487
<a href="red.gif.html#checked"><samp>checked</samp></a> attribute to initialize
1488
the checkbox to its checked state.
1490
<pre> <input type=checkbox checked name=uscitizen value=yes></pre>
1492
<dt><samp>type=radio</samp>
1493
<dd>Used for attributes which can take a single value from a set of
1494
alternatives. Each radio button field in the group should be given the
1495
same <a href="red.gif.html#name"><samp>name</samp></a>. Radio buttons require an explicit
1496
<a href="red.gif.html#value"><samp>value</samp></a> attribute. Only the checked radio
1497
button in the group generates a name/value pair in the submitted data. One
1498
radio button in each group should be initially checked using the
1499
<a href="red.gif.html#checked"><samp>checked</samp></a> attribute.
1502
<input type=radio name=age value="0-12">
1503
<input type=radio name=age value="13-17">
1504
<input type=radio name=age value="18-25">
1505
<input type=radio name=age value="26-35" checked>
1506
<input type=radio name=age value="36-">
1509
<dt><samp>type=submit</samp>
1510
<dd>This defines a button that users can click to submit the form's
1511
contents to the server. The button's label is set from the
1512
<a href="red.gif.html#value"><samp>value</samp></a> attribute. If the
1513
<a href="red.gif.html#name"><samp>name</samp></a>
1514
attribute is given then the submit button's name/value pair will be
1515
included in the submitted data. You can include several submit buttons
1516
in the form. See <samp>type=image</samp> for graphical submit buttons.
1518
<pre> <input type=submit value="Party on ..."></pre>
1520
<dt><samp>type=image</samp>
1521
<dd>This is used for graphical submit buttons rendered by an image
1522
rather than a text string. The URL for the image is specified with the
1523
<a href="red.gif.html#isrc"><samp>src</samp></a> attribute. The image alignment can
1524
be specified with the <a href="red.gif.html#ialign"><samp>align</samp></a>
1525
attribute. In this respect, graphical submit buttons are treated
1526
identically to <a href="red.gif.html#img"><samp>IMG</samp></a> elements, so you can
1527
set align to left, right, top, middle or bottom. The x and y values of
1528
the location clicked are passed to the server: In the submitted data,
1529
image fields are included as two name/value pairs. The names are derived
1530
by taking the name of the field and appending ".x" for the x value, and
1531
".y" for the y value.
1533
<pre><p>Now choose a point on the map:
1535
<input type=image name=point src="map.gif"></pre>
1537
<p><em><b>Note</b>: image fields typically cause problems for text-only and
1538
speech-based user agents!</em></p>
1540
<dt><samp>type=reset</samp>
1541
<dd>This defines a button that users can click to reset form fields
1542
to their initial state when the document was first loaded. You can
1543
set the label by providing a <a href="red.gif.html#value"><samp>value</samp></a>
1544
attribute. Reset buttons are never sent as part of the form's contents.
1546
<pre> <input type=reset value="Start over ..."></pre>
1548
<dt><samp>type=file</samp>
1549
<dd>This provides a means for users to attach a file to the form's
1550
contents. It is generally rendered by text field and an associated
1551
button which when clicked invokes a file browser to select a file
1552
name. The file name can also be entered directly in the text field.
1553
Just like type=text you can use the <a href="red.gif.html#isize"><samp>size</samp></a>
1554
attribute to set the visible width of this field in average character
1555
widths. You can set an upper limit to the length of file names using the
1556
<a href="red.gif.html#maxlen"><samp>maxlength</samp></a> attribute. Some user agents
1557
support the ability to restrict the kinds of files to those
1558
matching a comma separated list of MIME content types given with
1559
the <samp>ACCEPT</samp> attribute e.g. <samp>accept="image/*"</samp>
1560
restricts files to images. Further information can be found in
1561
<a href="red.gif.html#rfc1867">RFC 1867</a>.
1563
<pre> <input type=file name=photo size=20 accept="image/*"></pre>
1565
<dt><samp>type=hidden</samp>
1566
<dd>These fields should not be rendered and provide a means for servers
1567
to store state information with a form. This will be passed back to the
1568
server when the form is submitted, using the name/value pair defined by
1569
the corresponding attributes. This is a work around for the statelessness
1570
of HTTP. Another approach is to use HTTP "<a href="red.gif.html#refs">Cookies</a>".
1572
<pre> <input type=hidden name=customerid value="c2415-345-8563"></pre>
1575
<dt><a name=name><b>name</b></a>
1576
<dd>Used to define the property name that will be used to identify this
1577
field's content when it is submitted to the server.
1579
<dt><a name=value><b>value</b></a>
1580
<dd>Used to initialize the field, or to provide a textual label for
1581
submit and reset buttons.
1583
<dt><a name=checked><b>checked</b></a>
1584
<dd>The presence of this attribute is used to initialize checkboxes and
1585
radio buttons to their checked state.
1587
<dt><a name=isize><b>size</b></a>
1588
<dd>Used to set the visible size of text fields to a given number of
1589
average character widths, e.g. <samp>size=20</samp>
1591
<dt><a name=maxlen><b>maxlength</b></a>
1592
<dd>Sets the maximum number of characters permitted in a text field.
1594
<dt><a name=isrc><b>src</b></a>
1595
<dd>Specifies a URL for the image to use with a graphical submit button.
1597
<dt><a name=ialign><b>align</b></a>
1598
<dd>Used to specify image alignment for graphical submit buttons.
1599
It is defined just like the <a href="red.gif.html#img"><samp>IMG</samp></a> align
1600
attribute and takes one of the values: <samp>top</samp>, <samp>middle</samp>,
1601
<samp>bottom</samp>, <samp>left</samp> or <samp>right</samp>, defaulting
1602
to <samp>bottom</samp>.
1605
<h3><a name=select>SELECT <em>menus</em></a></h3>
1608
<!ELEMENT SELECT - - (OPTION+)>
1610
name CDATA #REQUIRED
1611
size NUMBER #IMPLIED
1612
multiple (multiple) #IMPLIED
1615
<!ELEMENT OPTION - O (#PCDATA)*>
1617
selected (selected) #IMPLIED
1618
value CDATA #IMPLIED -- defaults to element content --
1622
<p><samp>SELECT</samp> is used to define select one from many or many
1623
from many menus. <samp>SELECT</samp> elements require start and end tags
1624
and contain one or more <samp>OPTION</samp> elements that define menu
1625
items. One from many menus are generally rendered as drop-down menus
1626
while many from many menus are generally shown as list boxes.
1630
<PRE> <SELECT NAME="flavor">
1631
<OPTION VALUE=a>Vanilla
1632
<OPTION VALUE=b>Strawberry
1633
<OPTION VALUE=c>Rum and Raisin
1634
<OPTION VALUE=d>Peach and Orange
1638
<p><samp>SELECT</samp> attributes:
1642
<dd>This specifies a property name that is used to identify the menu
1643
choice when the form is submitted to the server. Each selected option
1644
results in a property name/value pair being included as part of the
1648
<dd>This sets the number of visible choices for many from many menus.
1651
<dd>The presence of this attribute signifies that the users can make
1652
multiple selections. By default only one selection is allowed.
1655
<p><samp>OPTION</samp> attributes:
1659
<dd>When this attribute is present, the option is selected when the
1660
document is initially loaded. It is an error for more than one option
1661
to be so selected for one from many menus.
1664
<dd>Specifies the property value to be used when submitting the form's
1665
content. This is combined with the property name as given by the name
1666
attribute of the parent <samp>SELECT</samp> element.
1671
<h3><a name=textarea>TEXTAREA <em>multi-line text fields</em></a></h3>
1674
<!-- Multi-line text input field. -->
1676
<!ELEMENT TEXTAREA - - (#PCDATA)*>
1677
<!ATTLIST TEXTAREA
1678
name CDATA #REQUIRED
1679
rows NUMBER #REQUIRED
1680
cols NUMBER #REQUIRED
1684
<p><samp>TEXTAREA</samp> elements require start and end tags. The
1685
content of the element is restricted to text and character entities. It
1686
is used to initialize the text that is shown when the document is first
1692
<TEXTAREA NAME=address ROWS=4 COLS=40>
1693
Your address here ...
1697
<P>It is recommended that user agents canonicalize line endings to
1698
CR, LF (ASCII decimal 13, 10) when submitting the field's contents.
1699
The character set for submitted data should be ISO Latin-1, unless
1700
the server has previously indicated that it can support alternative
1705
<dd>This specifies a property name that is used to identify the textarea
1706
field when the form is submitted to the server.
1709
<dd>Specifies the number of visible text lines. Users should be able
1710
to enter more lines that this, so user agents should provide some
1711
means to scroll through the contents of the textarea field when the
1712
contents extend beyond the visible area.
1715
<dd>Specifies the visible width in average character widths. Users should
1716
be able to enter longer lines that this, so user agents should provide
1717
some means to scroll through the contents of the textarea field when the
1718
contents extend beyond the visible area. User agents may wrap visible text
1719
lines to keep long lines visible without the need for scrolling.
1723
<h3><a name=specials>Special Text level Elements</a></h3>
1725
<p><a href="red.gif.html#anchor">A</a> (Anchor), <a href="red.gif.html#img">IMG</a>,
1726
<a href="red.gif.html#applet">APPLET</a>, <a href="red.gif.html#font">FONT</a>,
1727
<a href="red.gif.html#basefont">BASEFONT</a>, <a href="red.gif.html#br">BR</a>
1728
and <a href="red.gif.html#map">MAP</a>.
1730
<h4><a name=anchor>The A (anchor) element</a></h4>
1733
<!ELEMENT A - - (%text)* -(A)>
1735
name CDATA #IMPLIED -- named link end --
1736
href %URL #IMPLIED -- URL for linked resource --
1737
rel CDATA #IMPLIED -- forward link types --
1738
rev CDATA #IMPLIED -- reverse link types --
1739
title CDATA #IMPLIED -- advisory title string --
1743
<p>Anchors can't be nested and always require start and end tags.
1744
They are used to define hypertext links and also to define
1745
named locations for use as targets for hypertext links, e.g.
1747
<pre> The way to <a href="hands-on.html">happiness</a>.</pre>
1749
<p>and also to define named locations for use as targets for hypertext
1752
<pre> <h2><a name=mit>545 Tech Square - Hacker's Paradise</a></h2></pre>
1756
<dd>This should be a string defining unique name for the scope of the
1757
current HTML document. <samp>NAME</samp> is used to associate a name
1758
with this part of a document for use with URLs that target a named
1759
section of a document.
1762
<dd>Specifies a URL acting as a network address for the linked resource.
1763
This could be another HTML document, a PDF file or an image etc.
1766
<dd>The forward relationship also known as the "link type". It can be
1767
used to determine to how to deal with the linked resource when printing
1768
out a collection of linked resources.
1771
<dd>This defines a reverse relationship. A link from document A to
1772
document B with <samp>REV=relation</samp> expresses the same
1773
relationship as a link from B to A with <samp>REL=relation</samp>.
1774
<samp>REV=made</samp> is sometimes used to identify the document author,
1775
either the author's email address with a mailto URL, or a link to the
1779
<dd>An advisory title for the linked resource.
1782
<h4><a name=img><B>IMG</B> <i> - inline images</i></a></h4>
1785
<pre><!ENTITY % IAlign "(top|middle|bottom|left|right)">
1787
<!ELEMENT IMG - O EMPTY -- Embedded image -->
1789
src %URL #REQUIRED -- URL of image to embed --
1790
alt CDATA #IMPLIED -- for display in place of image --
1791
align %IAlign #IMPLIED -- vertical or horizontal alignment --
1792
height %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested height in pixels --
1793
width %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested width in pixels --
1794
border %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested link border width --
1795
hspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested horizontal gutter --
1796
vspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested vertical gutter --
1797
usemap %URL #IMPLIED -- use client-side image map --
1798
ismap (ismap) #IMPLIED -- use server image map --
1801
<p>Used to insert images. <samp>IMG</samp> is an empty element and so
1802
the end tag is forbidden. Images can be positioned vertically relative
1803
to the current textline or floated to the left or right. See
1804
<samp>BR</samp> with the <samp>CLEAR</samp> attribute for control
1807
<pre><i>e.g.</i> <IMG SRC="canyon.gif" ALT="Grand Canyon"></pre>
1809
<p><samp>IMG</samp> elements support the following attributes:
1813
<dd>This attribute is required for every <samp>IMG</samp> element. It
1814
specifies a URL for the image resource, for instance a GIF, JPEG or PNG
1818
<dd>This is used to provide a text description of the image and
1819
is vital for interoperability with speech-based and text only
1823
<dd>This specifies how the image is positioned relative to the current
1824
textline in which it occurs:
1825
<p><!-- fix for Netscape spacing bug with DD --></p>
1828
<dt><samp>align=top</samp>
1829
<dd>positions the top of the image
1830
with the top of the current text line. User agents vary in how they
1831
interpret this. Some only take into account what has occurred on the
1832
text line prior to the IMG element and ignore what happens after it.
1834
<dt><samp>align=middle</samp>
1835
<dd>aligns the middle of the image with the baseline for the
1838
<dt><samp>align=bottom</samp>
1839
<dd>is the default and aligns the bottom of the image with the baseline.
1841
<dt><samp>align=left</samp>
1842
<dd>floats the image to the current left margin, temporarily changing
1843
this margin, so that subsequent text is flowed along the image's
1844
righthand side. The rendering depends on whether there is any left
1845
aligned text or images that appear earlier than the current image in the
1846
markup. Such text (but not images) generally forces left aligned images
1847
to wrap to a new line, with the subsequent text continuing on the former
1850
<dt><samp>align=right</samp>
1851
<dd>floats the image to the current right margin, temporarily changing
1852
this margin, so that subsequent text is flowed along the image's
1853
lefthand side. The rendering depends on whether there is any right
1854
aligned text or images that appear earlier than the current image in the
1855
markup. Such text (but not images) generally forces right aligned images
1856
to wrap to a new line, with the subsequent text continuing on the former
1860
<p>Note that some browsers introduce spurious spacing with multiple left
1861
or right aligned images. As a result authors can't depend on this being
1862
the same for browsers from different vendors. See
1863
<a href="red.gif.html#br"><samp>BR</samp></a> for ways to control text flow.
1866
<dd>Specifies the intended width of the image in pixels. When given
1867
together with the height, this allows user agents to reserve screen
1868
space for the image before the image data has arrived over the network.
1871
<dd>Specifies the intended height of the image in pixels. When given
1872
together with the width, this allows user agents to reserve screen space
1873
for the image before the image data has arrived over the network.
1876
<dd>When the <samp>IMG</samp> element appears as part of a hypertext
1877
link, the user agent will generally indicate this by drawing a colored
1878
border (typically blue) around the image. This attribute can be used to
1879
set the width of this border in pixels. Use <samp>border=0</samp> to
1880
suppress the border altogether. User agents are recommended to provide
1881
additional cues that the image is clickable, e.g. by changing the mouse
1885
<dd>This can be used to provide white space to the immediate left and
1886
right of the image. The <samp>HSPACE</samp> attribute sets the width of
1887
this white space in pixels. By default <samp>HSPACE</samp> is a small
1891
<dd>This can be used to provide white space above and below the image
1892
The <samp>VSPACE</samp> attribute sets the height of this white space
1893
in pixels. By default <samp>VSPACE</samp> is a small non-zero number.
1896
<dd>This can be used to give a URL fragment identifier for a client-side
1897
image map defined with the <a href="red.gif.html#map">MAP</a> element.
1900
<dd>When the <samp>IMG</samp> element is part of a hypertext link, and
1901
the user clicks on the image, the <samp>ISMAP</samp> attribute causes
1902
the location to be passed to the server. This mechanism causes problems
1903
for text-only and speech-based user agents. Whenever its possible to
1904
do so use the <samp>MAP</samp> element instead.
1907
<p>Here is an example of how you use <samp>ISMAP</samp>:
1909
<pre><a href="/cgibin/navbar.map"><img src=navbar.gif ismap border=0></a></pre>
1911
<p>The location clicked is passed to the server as follows. The user
1912
agent derives a new URL from the URL specified by the <samp>HREF</samp>
1913
attribute by appending `?' the x coordinate `,' and the y coordinate of
1914
the location in pixels. The link is then followed using the new URL. For
1915
instance, if the user clicked at at the location x=10, y=27 then the
1916
derived URL will be: <i>"<samp>/cgibin/navbar.map?10,27</samp>"</i>. It
1917
is generally a good idea to suppress the border and use graphical idioms
1918
to indicate that the image is clickable.
1920
<p>Note that pixel values refer to screen pixels, and should be
1921
multiplied by an appropriate factor when rendering to very high
1922
resolution devices such as laser printers. For instance if a
1923
user agent has a display with 75 pixels per inch and is rendering
1924
to a laser printer with 600 dots per inch, then the pixel values
1925
given in HTML attributes should be multiplied by a factor of 8.
1927
<h4><a name=applet>APPLET <em>(Java Applets)</em></a></h4>
1930
<!ELEMENT APPLET - - (PARAM | %text)*>
1932
codebase %URL #IMPLIED -- code base --
1933
code CDATA #REQUIRED -- class file --
1934
alt CDATA #IMPLIED -- for display in place of applet --
1935
name CDATA #IMPLIED -- applet name --
1936
width %Pixels #REQUIRED -- suggested width in pixels --
1937
height %Pixels #REQUIRED -- suggested height in pixels --
1938
align %IAlign #IMPLIED -- vertical or horizontal alignment --
1939
hspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested horizontal gutter --
1940
vspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested vertical gutter --
1943
<!ELEMENT PARAM - O EMPTY>
1945
name NMTOKEN #REQUIRED -- The name of the parameter --
1946
value CDATA #IMPLIED -- The value of the parameter --
1950
<p>Requires start and end tags. This element is supported by all Java
1951
enabled browsers. It allows you to embed a Java applet into HTML
1952
documents. <samp>APPLET</samp> uses associated <a
1953
href="red.gif.html#param"><samp>PARAM</samp></a> elements to pass parameters to the
1954
applet. Following the <samp>PARAM</samp> elements, the content of
1955
<samp>APPLET</samp> elements should be used to provide an alternative to
1956
the applet for user agents that don't support Java. It is restricted to
1957
text-level markup as defined by the <i><samp>%text</samp></i> entity in
1958
the DTD. Java-compatible browsers ignore this extra HTML code. You can
1959
use it to show a snapshot of the applet running, with text explaining
1960
what the applet does. Other possibilities for this area are a link to a
1961
page that is more useful for the Java-ignorant browser, or text that
1962
taunts the user for not having a Java-compatible browser.
1964
<p>Here is a simple example of a Java applet:
1967
<applet code="Bubbles.class" width=500 height=500>
1968
Java applet that draws animated bubbles.
1972
<p>Here is another one using a <samp>PARAM</samp> element:
1975
<applet code="AudioItem" width=15 height=15>
1976
<param name=snd value="Hello.au|Welcome.au">
1977
Java applet that plays a welcoming sound.
1982
<dt><b>codebase =</b> <em>codebaseURL</em>
1983
<dd>This optional attribute specifies the base URL of the applet --
1984
the directory or folder that contains the applet's code.
1985
If this attribute is not specified,
1986
then the document's URL is used.
1988
<dt><b>code =</b> <em>appletFile</em>
1989
<dd>This required attribute gives the name of the file
1990
that contains the applet's compiled Applet subclass.
1991
This file is relative to the base URL of the applet.
1992
It cannot be absolute.
1994
<dt><b>alt =</b> <em>alternateText</em>
1995
<dd>This optional attribute specifies any text
1996
that should be displayed
1997
if the browser understands the APPLET tag
1998
but can't run Java applets.
2000
<dt><b>name =</b> <em>appletInstanceName</em>
2001
<dd>This optional attribute specifies a name for the applet instance,
2002
which makes it possible for applets on the same page
2003
to find (and communicate with) each other.
2005
<dt><b>width =</b> <em>pixels</em>
2007
<b>height =</b> <em>pixels</em>
2008
<dd>These required attributes give the initial width and height
2009
(in pixels) of the applet display area,
2010
not counting any windows or dialogs that the applet brings up.
2012
<dt><b>align =</b> <em>alignment</em>
2013
<dd>This attribute specifies the alignment of the applet.
2014
This attribute is defined in exactly the same way
2015
as the <a href="red.gif.html#img"><samp>IMG</samp></a> element.
2016
The permitted values are: <samp>top</samp>, <samp>middle</samp>,
2017
<samp>bottom</samp>, <samp>left</samp> and <samp>right</samp>.
2018
The default is <samp>bottom</samp>.
2020
<dt><b>vspace =</b> <em>pixels</em>
2022
<b>hspace =</b> <em>pixels</em>
2023
<dd>These optional attributes specify the number of pixels above and
2024
below the applet (<samp>VSPACE</samp>) and on each side of the
2025
applet (<samp>HSPACE</samp>). They're treated the same way as the
2026
<samp>IMG</samp> element's <samp>VSPACE</samp> and <samp>HSPACE</samp>
2030
<p><a name=param>The <samp>PARAM</samp> element is used to pass named
2031
parameters to applet:</a>
2034
<pre> <b><PARAM NAME =</b> <em>appletParameter</em> <b>VALUE =</b> <em>value</em><b>></b></pre>
2036
<P><samp>PARAM</samp> elements are the only way to specify applet-specific
2037
parameters. Applets read user-specified values for parameters with the
2038
<code>getParameter()</code> method.
2041
<dt><b>name =</b> <em>applet parameter name</em>
2042
<dt><b>value =</b> <em>parameter value</em>
2045
<p>SGML character entities such as <em><samp>&eacute;</samp></em>
2046
and <em><samp>&#185;</samp></em>
2047
are expanded before the parameter value is passed to the applet.
2048
To include an & character use <samp>&amp;</samp>.
2050
<p><em>Note: PARAM elements should be placed at the start of the
2051
content for the APPLET element. This is not specified as part of the
2052
DTD due to technicalities with SGML mixed content models.</em>
2054
<h4><a name=font>FONT</a></h4>
2057
<!ELEMENT FONT - - (%text)* -- local change to font -->
2059
size CDATA #IMPLIED -- [+]nn e.g. size="+1", size=4 --
2060
color CDATA #IMPLIED -- #RRGGBB in hex, e.g. red: color="#FF0000" --
2064
<p>Requires start and end tags. This allows you to change the font size
2065
and/or color for the enclosed text. The attributes are: <samp>SIZE</samp>
2066
and <samp>COLOR</samp>. Font sizes are given in terms of a scalar range
2067
defined by the user agent with no direct mapping to point sizes etc.
2068
The <samp>FONT</samp> element may be phased out in future revisions
2073
<dd>This sets the font size for the contents of the font element. You
2074
can set size to an integer ranging from 1 to 7 for an absolute font
2075
size, or specify a relative font size with a signed integer value, e.g.
2076
<samp>size="+1"</samp> or <samp>size="-2"</samp>. This is mapped to an
2077
absolute font size by adding the current base font size as set by the
2078
<samp>BASEFONT</samp> element (see below).
2081
<dd>Used to set the color to stroke the text. Colors are given as RGB
2082
in hexadecimal notation or as one of 16 widely understood
2083
<a href="red.gif.html#colors">color names</a> defined as per the BGCOLOR attribute
2084
on the <a href="red.gif.html#body"><samp>BODY</samp></a> element.
2087
<p><em>Some user agents also support a <samp>FACE</samp> attribute which
2088
accepts a comma separated list of font names in order of preference.
2089
This is used to search for an installed font with the corresponding
2090
name. <samp>FACE</samp> is not part of HTML 3.2.</em>
2092
<p>The following shows the effects of setting font to absolute sizes:
2094
<p><font size=1>size=1</font>
2095
<font size=2>size=2</font>
2096
<font size=3>size=3</font>
2097
<font size=4>size=4</font>
2098
<font size=5>size=5</font>
2099
<font size=6>size=6</font>
2100
<font size=7>size=7</font>
2102
<p>The following shows the effect of relative font sizes using
2103
a base font size of 3:
2105
<p><basefont size=3>
2106
<font size="-4">size=-4</font>
2107
<font size="-3">size=-3</font>
2108
<font size="-2">size=-2</font>
2109
<font size="-1">size=-1</font>
2110
<font size="+1">size=+1</font>
2111
<font size="+2">size=+2</font>
2112
<font size="+3">size=+3</font>
2113
<font size="+4">size=+4</font>
2115
<p>The same thing with a base font size of 6:
2117
<p><basefont size=6>
2118
<font size="-4">size=-4</font>
2119
<font size="-3">size=-3</font>
2120
<font size="-2">size=-2</font>
2121
<font size="-1">size=-1</font>
2122
<font size="+1">size=+1</font>
2123
<font size="+2">size=+2</font>
2124
<font size="+3">size=+3</font>
2125
<font size="+4">size=+4</font>
2128
<h4><a name=basefont>BASEFONT</a></h4>
2131
<!ELEMENT BASEFONT - O EMPTY -- base font size (1 to 7) -->
2132
<!ATTLIST BASEFONT
2133
size CDATA #IMPLIED -- e.g. size=4, defaults to 3 --
2136
<p>Used to set the base font size. <samp>BASEFONT</samp> is an empty
2137
element so the end tag is forbidden. The <samp>SIZE</samp> attribute is
2138
an integer value ranging from 1 to 7. The base font size applies to the
2139
normal and preformatted text but not to headings, except where these are
2140
modified using the <samp>FONT</samp> element with a relative font size.
2142
<h4><a name=br>BR</a></h4>
2144
<p>Used to force a line break. This is an empty element so the end tag
2145
is forbidden. The <samp>CLEAR</samp> attribute can be used to move down
2146
past floating images on either margin. <samp><BR
2147
CLEAR=LEFT></samp> moves down past floating images on the left
2148
margin, <samp><BR CLEAR=RIGHT></samp> does the same for floating
2149
images on the right margin, while <samp><BR CLEAR=ALL></samp> does
2150
the same for such images on both left and right margins.
2152
<h4><a name=map>MAP</a></h4>
2154
<p>The <samp>MAP</samp> element provides a mechanism for client-side
2155
image maps. These can be placed in the same document or grouped in a
2156
separate document although this isn't yet widely supported. The
2157
<samp>MAP</samp> element requires start and end tags. It contains one or
2158
more <samp>AREA</samp> elements that specify hotzones on the associated
2159
image and bind these hotzones to URLs.
2161
<pre><!ENTITY % SHAPE "(rect|circle|poly)">
2162
<!ENTITY % COORDS "CDATA" -- comma separated list of numbers -->
2164
<!ELEMENT MAP - - (AREA)+>
2166
name CDATA #REQUIRED
2169
<!ELEMENT AREA - O EMPTY>
2172
coords %COORDS #IMPLIED -- defines coordinates for shape --
2173
href %URL #IMPLIED -- this region acts as hypertext link --
2174
nohref (nohref) #IMPLIED -- this region has no action --
2175
alt CDATA #REQUIRED -- needed for non-graphical user agents --
2178
<p>Here is a simple example for a graphical navigational toolbar:
2180
<pre><img src="navbar.gif" border=0 usemap="#map1">
2182
<map name="map1">
2183
<area href=guide.html alt="Access Guide" shape=rect coords="0,0,118,28">
2184
<area href=search.html alt="Search" shape=rect coords="184,0,276,28">
2185
<area href=shortcut.html alt="Go" shape=rect coords="118,0,184,28">
2186
<area href=top10.html alt="Top Ten" shape=rect coords="276,0,373,28">
2189
<P>The <samp>MAP</samp> element has one attribute <samp>NAME</samp>
2190
which is used to associate a name with a map. This is then used by the
2191
<samp>USEMAP</samp> attribute on the <samp>IMG</samp> element to
2192
reference the map via a URL fragment identifier. Note that the value of
2193
the <samp>NAME</samp> attribute is case sensitive.
2195
<p>The <samp>AREA</samp> element is an empty element and so the end tag
2196
is forbidden. It takes the following attributes: <samp>SHAPE</samp>,
2197
<samp>COORDS</samp>, <samp>HREF</samp>, <samp>NOHREF</samp> and
2198
<samp>ALT</samp>. The <samp>SHAPE</samp> and <samp>COORDS</samp>
2199
attributes define a region on the image. If the <samp>SHAPE</samp>
2200
attribute is omitted, <samp>SHAPE="RECT"</samp> is assumed.
2203
<dd><b>shape=rect coords="</b><i>left-x<b>,</b> top-y<b>,</b>
2204
right-x<b>,</b> bottom-y</i><b>"</b><p>
2206
<dd><b>shape=circle coords="</b><i>center-x<b>,</b>
2207
center-y<b>,</b> radius</i><b>"</b> <p>
2210
coords="</b><i>x<sub>1</sub><b>,</b>y<sub>1</sub><b>,</b>
2211
x<sub>2</sub><b>,</b>y<sub>2</sub><b>,</b>
2212
x<sub>3</sub><b>,</b>y<sub>3</sub><b>,</b> ...</i><b>"</b>
2215
<p>Where <b>x</b> and <b>y</b> are measured in pixels from the left/top
2216
of the associated image. If <b>x</b> and <b>y</b> values are given with a
2217
percent sign as a suffix, the values should be interpreted as percentages
2218
of the image's width and height, respectively. For example:
2220
<pre> SHAPE=RECT COORDS="0, 0, 50%, 100%"</pre>
2222
<p>The <samp>HREF</samp> attribute gives a URL for the target of the
2223
hypertext link. The <samp>NOHREF</samp> attribute is used when you want
2224
to define a region that doesn't act as a hotzone. This is useful when
2225
you want to cut a hole in an underlying region acting as a hotzone.
2227
<p>If two or more regions overlap, the region defined first in the map
2228
definition takes precedence over subsequent regions. This means that
2229
<samp>AREA</samp> elements with <samp>NOHREF</samp> should generally be
2230
placed before ones with the <samp>HREF</samp> attribute.
2232
<p>The <samp>ALT</samp> attribute is used to provide text labels which
2233
can be displayed in the status line as the mouse or other pointing
2234
device is moved over hotzones, or for constructing a textual menu for
2235
non-graphical user agents. Authors are <b>strongly recommended</b> to
2236
provide meaningful <samp>ALT</samp> attributes to support
2237
interoperability with speech-based or text-only user agents.
2241
<h2><a name=catalog>Sample SGML Open Catalog for HTML 3.2</a></h2>
2243
<p>This can be used with an SGML parser like nsgmls to verify that
2244
files conform to the HTML 3.2 DTD. It assumes that the DTD has been
2245
saved as the file "HTML32.dtd" and that the Latin-1 entities are
2246
in the file "ISOlat1.ent".
2249
SGMLDECL "HTML32.dcl"
2250
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN" HTML32.dtd
2251
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Draft//EN" HTML32.dtd
2252
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN" HTML32.dtd
2253
PUBLIC "ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML" ISOlat1.ent
2257
<h2><a name=sgmldecl>SGML Declaration for HTML 3.2</a></h2>
2259
<p>This uses the 8 bit ISO Latin-1 character set. The size limits on
2260
properties like literals and tag names have been considerably increased
2261
from their HTML 2.0 values, but it is recommended that user agents avoid
2262
imposing arbitrary length limits.
2265
<!SGML "ISO 8879:1986"
2267
SGML Declaration for HyperText Markup Language version 3.2
2269
With support for ISO Latin-1 and increased limits
2270
for tag and literal lengths etc.
2274
BASESET "ISO 646:1983//CHARSET
2275
International Reference Version
2284
BASESET "ISO Registration Number 100//CHARSET
2285
ECMA-94 Right Part of
2286
Latin Alphabet Nr. 1//ESC 2/13 4/1"
2287
DESCSET 128 32 UNUSED
2297
SHUNCHAR CONTROLS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2298
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 127
2299
BASESET "ISO 646:1983//CHARSET
2300
International Reference Version
2314
NAMECASE GENERAL YES
2316
DELIM GENERAL SGMLREF
2348
<h2><a name=dtd>HTML 3.2 Document Type Definition</a></h2>
2351
W3C Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
2352
version 3.2 as ratified by a vote of W3C member companies.
2353
For more information on W3C look at URL http://www.w3.org/
2355
Date: Tuesday January 14th 1997
2357
Author: Dave Raggett <dsr@w3.org>
2359
HTML 3.2 aims to capture recommended practice as of early '96
2360
and as such to be used as a replacement for HTML 2.0 (RFC 1866).
2361
Widely deployed rendering attributes are included where they
2362
have been shown to be interoperable. SCRIPT and STYLE are
2363
included to smooth the introduction of client-side scripts
2364
and style sheets. Browsers must avoid showing the contents
2365
of these element Otherwise support for them is not required.
2366
ID, CLASS and STYLE attributes are not included in this version
2370
<!ENTITY % HTML.Version
2371
"-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"
2375
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
2382
<!--================== Deprecated Features Switch =========================-->
2384
<!ENTITY % HTML.Deprecated "INCLUDE">
2386
<!--================== Imported Names =====================================-->
2388
<!ENTITY % Content-Type "CDATA"
2389
-- meaning a MIME content type, as per RFC1521
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<!ENTITY % HTTP-Method "GET | POST"
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-- as per HTTP specification
2396
<!ENTITY % URL "CDATA"
2397
-- The term URL means a CDATA attribute
2398
whose value is a Uniform Resource Locator,
2399
See RFC1808 (June 95) and RFC1738 (Dec 94).
2402
<!-- Parameter Entities -->
2404
<!ENTITY % head.misc "SCRIPT|STYLE|META|LINK" -- repeatable head elements -->
2406
<!ENTITY % heading "H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6">
2408
<!ENTITY % list "UL | OL | DIR | MENU">
2410
<![ %HTML.Deprecated [
2411
<!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE | XMP | LISTING">
2414
<!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE">
2416
<!--================ Character mnemonic entities ==========================-->
2418
<!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC
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"ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML">
2422
<!--================ Entities for special symbols =========================-->
2423
<!-- &trade and &cbsp are not widely deployed and so not included here -->
2425
<!ENTITY amp CDATA "&#38;" -- ampersand -->
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<!ENTITY gt CDATA "&#62;" -- greater than -->
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<!ENTITY lt CDATA "&#60;" -- less than -->
2429
<!--=================== Text Markup =======================================-->
2431
<!ENTITY % font "TT | I | B | U | STRIKE | BIG | SMALL | SUB | SUP">
2433
<!ENTITY % phrase "EM | STRONG | DFN | CODE | SAMP | KBD | VAR | CITE">
2435
<!ENTITY % special "A | IMG | APPLET | FONT | BASEFONT | BR | SCRIPT | MAP">
2437
<!ENTITY % form "INPUT | SELECT | TEXTAREA">
2439
<!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA | %font | %phrase | %special | %form">
2441
<!ELEMENT (%font|%phrase) - - (%text)*>
2443
<!-- there are also 16 widely known color names although
2444
the resulting colors are implementation dependent:
2446
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon,
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navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow
2449
These colors were originally picked as being the standard
2450
16 colors supported with the Windows VGA palette.
2453
<!ELEMENT FONT - - (%text)* -- local change to font -->
2455
size CDATA #IMPLIED -- [+]nn e.g. size="+1", size=4 --
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color CDATA #IMPLIED -- #RRGGBB in hex, e.g. red: color="#FF0000" --
2459
<!ELEMENT BASEFONT - O EMPTY -- base font size (1 to 7)-->
2460
<!ATTLIST BASEFONT
2461
size CDATA #IMPLIED -- e.g. size=3 --
2464
<!ELEMENT BR - O EMPTY -- forced line break -->
2466
clear (left|all|right|none) none -- control of text flow --
2469
<!--================== HTML content models ================================-->
2471
HTML has three basic content models:
2473
%text character level elements and text strings
2474
%flow block-like elements e.g. paragraphs and lists
2475
%bodytext as %flow plus headers H1-H6 and ADDRESS
2479
"P | %list | %preformatted | DL | DIV | CENTER |
2480
BLOCKQUOTE | FORM | ISINDEX | HR | TABLE">
2482
<!-- %flow is used for DD and LI -->
2484
<!ENTITY % flow "(%text | %block)*">
2486
<!--=================== Document Body =====================================-->
2488
<!ENTITY % body.content "(%heading | %text | %block | ADDRESS)*">
2490
<!ENTITY % color "CDATA" -- a color specification: #HHHHHH @@ details? -->
2492
<!ENTITY % body-color-attrs "
2493
bgcolor %color #IMPLIED
2494
text %color #IMPLIED
2495
link %color #IMPLIED
2496
vlink %color #IMPLIED
2497
alink %color #IMPLIED
2500
<!ELEMENT BODY O O %body.content>
2502
background %URL #IMPLIED -- texture tile for document background --
2503
%body-color-attrs; -- bgcolor, text, link, vlink, alink --
2506
<!ENTITY % address.content "((%text;) | P)*">
2508
<!ELEMENT ADDRESS - - %address.content>
2510
<!ELEMENT DIV - - %body.content>
2512
align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED -- alignment of following text --
2515
<!-- CENTER is a shorthand for DIV with ALIGN=CENTER -->
2516
<!ELEMENT center - - %body.content>
2518
<!--================== The Anchor Element =================================-->
2520
<!ELEMENT A - - (%text)* -(A)>
2522
name CDATA #IMPLIED -- named link end --
2523
href %URL #IMPLIED -- URL for linked resource --
2524
rel CDATA #IMPLIED -- forward link types --
2525
rev CDATA #IMPLIED -- reverse link types --
2526
title CDATA #IMPLIED -- advisory title string --
2529
<!--================== Client-side image maps ============================-->
2531
<!-- These can be placed in the same document or grouped in a
2532
separate document although this isn't yet widely supported -->
2534
<!ENTITY % SHAPE "(rect|circle|poly)">
2535
<!ENTITY % COORDS "CDATA" -- comma separated list of numbers -->
2537
<!ELEMENT MAP - - (AREA)*>
2542
<!ELEMENT AREA - O EMPTY>
2545
coords %COORDS #IMPLIED -- defines coordinates for shape --
2546
href %URL #IMPLIED -- this region acts as hypertext link --
2547
nohref (nohref) #IMPLIED -- this region has no action --
2548
alt CDATA #REQUIRED -- needed for non-graphical user agents --
2551
<!--================== The LINK Element ==================================-->
2553
<!ENTITY % Types "CDATA"
2554
-- See Internet Draft: draft-ietf-html-relrev-00.txt
2555
LINK has been part of HTML since the early days
2556
although few browsers as yet take advantage of it.
2558
Relationship values can be used in principle:
2560
a) for document specific toolbars/menus when used
2561
with the LINK element in the document head:
2562
b) to link to a separate style sheet
2563
c) to make a link to a script
2564
d) by stylesheets to control how collections of
2565
html nodes are rendered into printed documents
2566
e) to make a link to a printable version of this document
2567
e.g. a postscript or pdf version
2570
<!ELEMENT LINK - O EMPTY>
2572
href %URL #IMPLIED -- URL for linked resource --
2573
rel %Types #IMPLIED -- forward link types --
2574
rev %Types #IMPLIED -- reverse link types --
2575
title CDATA #IMPLIED -- advisory title string --
2578
<!--=================== Images ============================================-->
2580
<!ENTITY % Length "CDATA" -- nn for pixels or nn% for percentage length -->
2581
<!ENTITY % Pixels "NUMBER" -- integer representing length in pixels -->
2583
<!-- Suggested widths are used for negotiating image size
2584
with the module responsible for painting the image.
2585
align=left or right cause image to float to margin
2586
and for subsequent text to wrap around image -->
2588
<!ENTITY % IAlign "(top|middle|bottom|left|right)">
2590
<!ELEMENT IMG - O EMPTY -- Embedded image -->
2592
src %URL #REQUIRED -- URL of image to embed --
2593
alt CDATA #IMPLIED -- for display in place of image --
2594
align %IAlign #IMPLIED -- vertical or horizontal alignment --
2595
height %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested height in pixels --
2596
width %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested width in pixels --
2597
border %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested link border width --
2598
hspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested horizontal gutter --
2599
vspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested vertical gutter --
2600
usemap %URL #IMPLIED -- use client-side image map --
2601
ismap (ismap) #IMPLIED -- use server image map --
2604
<!-- USEMAP points to a MAP element which may be in this document
2605
or an external document, although the latter is not widely supported -->
2607
<!--=================== Java APPLET tag ===================================-->
2609
This tag is supported by all Java enabled browsers. Applet resources
2610
(including their classes) are normally loaded relative to the document
2611
URL (or <BASE> element if it is defined). The CODEBASE attribute is used
2612
to change this default behavior. If the CODEBASE attribute is defined then
2613
it specifies a different location to find applet resources. The value
2614
can be an absolute URL or a relative URL. The absolute URL is used as is
2615
without modification and is not effected by the documents <BASE> element.
2616
When the codebase attribute is relative, then it is relative to the
2617
document URL (or <BASE> tag if defined).
2619
<!ELEMENT APPLET - - (PARAM | %text)*>
2621
codebase %URL #IMPLIED -- code base --
2622
code CDATA #REQUIRED -- class file --
2623
alt CDATA #IMPLIED -- for display in place of applet --
2624
name CDATA #IMPLIED -- applet name --
2625
width %Pixels #REQUIRED -- suggested width in pixels --
2626
height %Pixels #REQUIRED -- suggested height in pixels --
2627
align %IAlign #IMPLIED -- vertical or horizontal alignment --
2628
hspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested horizontal gutter --
2629
vspace %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested vertical gutter --
2632
<!ELEMENT PARAM - O EMPTY>
2634
name NMTOKEN #REQUIRED -- The name of the parameter --
2635
value CDATA #IMPLIED -- The value of the parameter --
2641
<applet codebase="applets/NervousText"
2642
code=NervousText.class
2645
<param name=text value="Java is Cool!">
2646
<img src=sorry.gif alt="This looks better with Java support">
2650
<!--=================== Horizontal Rule ===================================-->
2652
<!ELEMENT HR - O EMPTY>
2654
align (left|right|center) #IMPLIED
2655
noshade (noshade) #IMPLIED
2656
size %Pixels #IMPLIED
2657
width %Length #IMPLIED
2659
<!--=================== Paragraphs=========================================-->
2661
<!ELEMENT P - O (%text)*>
2663
align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED
2666
<!--=================== Headings ==========================================-->
2669
There are six levels of headers from H1 (the most important)
2670
to H6 (the least important).
2673
<!ELEMENT ( %heading ) - - (%text;)*>
2674
<!ATTLIST ( %heading )
2675
align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED
2678
<!--=================== Preformatted Text =================================-->
2680
<!-- excludes images and changes in font size -->
2682
<!ENTITY % pre.exclusion "IMG|BIG|SMALL|SUB|SUP|FONT">
2684
<!ELEMENT PRE - - (%text)* -(%pre.exclusion)>
2686
width NUMBER #implied -- is this widely supported? --
2689
<![ %HTML.Deprecated [
2691
<!ENTITY % literal "CDATA"
2692
-- historical, non-conforming parsing mode where
2693
the only markup signal is the end tag
2697
<!ELEMENT (XMP|LISTING) - - %literal>
2698
<!ELEMENT PLAINTEXT - O %literal>
2702
<!--=================== Block-like Quotes =================================-->
2704
<!ELEMENT BLOCKQUOTE - - %body.content>
2706
<!--=================== Lists =============================================-->
2709
HTML 3.2 allows you to control the sequence number for ordered lists.
2710
You can set the sequence number with the START and VALUE attributes.
2711
The TYPE attribute may be used to specify the rendering of ordered
2712
and unordered lists.
2715
<!-- definition lists - DT for term, DD for its definition -->
2717
<!ELEMENT DL - - (DT|DD)+>
2719
compact (compact) #IMPLIED -- more compact style --
2722
<!ELEMENT DT - O (%text)*>
2723
<!ELEMENT DD - O %flow;>
2725
<!-- Ordered lists OL, and unordered lists UL -->
2726
<!ELEMENT (OL|UL) - - (LI)+>
2730
1 Arabic numbers 1, 2, 3, ...
2731
a lower alpha a, b, c, ...
2732
A upper alpha A, B, C, ...
2733
i lower Roman i, ii, iii, ...
2734
I upper Roman I, II, III, ...
2736
The style is applied to the sequence number which by default
2737
is reset to 1 for the first list item in an ordered list.
2739
This can't be expressed directly in SGML due to case folding.
2742
<!ENTITY % OLStyle "CDATA" -- constrained to: [1|a|A|i|I] -->
2744
<!ATTLIST OL -- ordered lists --
2745
type %OLStyle #IMPLIED -- numbering style --
2746
start NUMBER #IMPLIED -- starting sequence number --
2747
compact (compact) #IMPLIED -- reduced interitem spacing --
2750
<!-- bullet styles -->
2752
<!ENTITY % ULStyle "disc|square|circle">
2754
<!ATTLIST UL -- unordered lists --
2755
type (%ULStyle) #IMPLIED -- bullet style --
2756
compact (compact) #IMPLIED -- reduced interitem spacing --
2759
<!ELEMENT (DIR|MENU) - - (LI)+ -(%block)>
2761
compact (compact) #IMPLIED
2764
compact (compact) #IMPLIED
2767
<!-- <DIR> Directory list -->
2768
<!-- <DIR COMPACT> Compact list style -->
2769
<!-- <MENU> Menu list -->
2770
<!-- <MENU COMPACT> Compact list style -->
2772
<!-- The type attribute can be used to change the bullet style
2773
in unordered lists and the numbering style in ordered lists -->
2775
<!ENTITY % LIStyle "CDATA" -- constrained to: "(%ULStyle|%OLStyle)" -->
2777
<!ELEMENT LI - O %flow -- list item -->
2779
type %LIStyle #IMPLIED -- list item style --
2780
value NUMBER #IMPLIED -- reset sequence number --
2783
<!--================ Forms ===============================================-->
2785
<!ELEMENT FORM - - %body.content -(FORM)>
2787
action %URL #IMPLIED -- server-side form handler --
2788
method (%HTTP-Method) GET -- see HTTP specification --
2789
enctype %Content-Type; "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
2792
<!ENTITY % InputType
2793
"(TEXT | PASSWORD | CHECKBOX | RADIO | SUBMIT
2794
| RESET | FILE | HIDDEN | IMAGE)">
2796
<!ELEMENT INPUT - O EMPTY>
2798
type %InputType TEXT -- what kind of widget is needed --
2799
name CDATA #IMPLIED -- required for all but submit and reset --
2800
value CDATA #IMPLIED -- required for radio and checkboxes --
2801
checked (checked) #IMPLIED -- for radio buttons and check boxes --
2802
size CDATA #IMPLIED -- specific to each type of field --
2803
maxlength NUMBER #IMPLIED -- max chars allowed in text fields --
2804
src %URL #IMPLIED -- for fields with background images --
2805
align %IAlign #IMPLIED -- vertical or horizontal alignment --
2808
<!ELEMENT SELECT - - (OPTION+)>
2810
name CDATA #REQUIRED
2811
size NUMBER #IMPLIED
2812
multiple (multiple) #IMPLIED
2815
<!ELEMENT OPTION - O (#PCDATA)*>
2817
selected (selected) #IMPLIED
2818
value CDATA #IMPLIED -- defaults to element content --
2821
<!-- Multi-line text input field. -->
2823
<!ELEMENT TEXTAREA - - (#PCDATA)*>
2824
<!ATTLIST TEXTAREA
2825
name CDATA #REQUIRED
2826
rows NUMBER #REQUIRED
2827
cols NUMBER #REQUIRED
2830
<!--======================= Tables ========================================-->
2832
<!-- Widely deployed subset of the full table standard, see RFC 1942
2833
e.g. at http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/html/rfc1942.txt -->
2835
<!-- horizontal placement of table relative to window -->
2836
<!ENTITY % Where "(left|center|right)">
2838
<!-- horizontal alignment attributes for cell contents -->
2839
<!ENTITY % cell.halign
2840
"align (left|center|right) #IMPLIED"
2843
<!-- vertical alignment attributes for cell contents -->
2844
<!ENTITY % cell.valign
2845
"valign (top|middle|bottom) #IMPLIED"
2848
<!ELEMENT table - - (caption?, tr+)>
2849
<!ELEMENT tr - O (th|td)*>
2850
<!ELEMENT (th|td) - O %body.content>
2852
<!ATTLIST table -- table element --
2853
align %Where; #IMPLIED -- table position relative to window --
2854
width %Length #IMPLIED -- table width relative to window --
2855
border %Pixels #IMPLIED -- controls frame width around table --
2856
cellspacing %Pixels #IMPLIED -- spacing between cells --
2857
cellpadding %Pixels #IMPLIED -- spacing within cells --
2860
<!ELEMENT CAPTION - - (%text;)* -- table or figure caption -->
2861
<!ATTLIST CAPTION
2862
align (top|bottom) #IMPLIED
2865
<!ATTLIST tr -- table row --
2866
%cell.halign; -- horizontal alignment in cells --
2867
%cell.valign; -- vertical alignment in cells --
2870
<!ATTLIST (th|td) -- header or data cell --
2871
nowrap (nowrap) #IMPLIED -- suppress word wrap --
2872
rowspan NUMBER 1 -- number of rows spanned by cell --
2873
colspan NUMBER 1 -- number of cols spanned by cell --
2874
%cell.halign; -- horizontal alignment in cell --
2875
%cell.valign; -- vertical alignment in cell --
2876
width %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested width for cell --
2877
height %Pixels #IMPLIED -- suggested height for cell --
2880
<!--================ Document Head ========================================-->
2882
<!-- %head.misc defined earlier on as "SCRIPT|STYLE|META|LINK" -->
2884
<!ENTITY % head.content "TITLE & ISINDEX? & BASE?">
2886
<!ELEMENT HEAD O O (%head.content) +(%head.misc)>
2888
<!ELEMENT TITLE - - (#PCDATA)* -(%head.misc)
2889
-- The TITLE element is not considered part of the flow of text.
2890
It should be displayed, for example as the page header or
2894
<!ELEMENT ISINDEX - O EMPTY>
2895
<!ATTLIST ISINDEX
2896
prompt CDATA #IMPLIED -- prompt message -->
2899
The BASE element gives an absolute URL for dereferencing relative
2902
<BASE href="http://foo.com/index.html">
2904
<IMG SRC="images/bar.gif">
2906
The image is deferenced to
2908
http://foo.com/images/bar.gif
2910
In the absence of a BASE element the document URL should be used.
2911
Note that this is not necessarily the same as the URL used to
2912
request the document, as the base URL may be overridden by an HTTP
2913
header accompanying the document.
2916
<!ELEMENT BASE - O EMPTY>
2921
<!ELEMENT META - O EMPTY -- Generic Metainformation -->
2923
http-equiv NAME #IMPLIED -- HTTP response header name --
2924
name NAME #IMPLIED -- metainformation name --
2925
content CDATA #REQUIRED -- associated information --
2928
<!-- SCRIPT/STYLE are place holders for transition to next version of HTML -->
2930
<!ELEMENT STYLE - - CDATA -- placeholder for style info -->
2931
<!ELEMENT SCRIPT - - CDATA -- placeholder for script statements -->
2933
<!--================ Document Structure ===================================-->
2935
<!ENTITY % version.attr "VERSION CDATA #FIXED '%HTML.Version;'">
2937
<
added
removed
www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32-19970114/images/red.gif.html
