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Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software
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This file is free documentation; the Free Software Foundation gives
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unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
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Installation Instructions
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*************************
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Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005,
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2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
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are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
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notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
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without warranty of any kind.
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These are generic installation instructions.
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Briefly, the shell commands `./configure; make; make install' should
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configure, build, and install this package. The following
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more-detailed instructions are generic; see the `README' file for
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instructions specific to this package. Some packages provide this
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`INSTALL' file but do not implement all of the features documented
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below. The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not
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necessarily a bug. More recommendations for GNU packages can be found
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in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions.
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The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
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various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses
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may remove or edit it.
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The file `configure.ac' (or `configure.in') is used to create
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`configure' by a program called `autoconf'. You only need
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`configure.ac' if you want to change it or regenerate `configure' using
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a newer version of `autoconf'.
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`configure' by a program called `autoconf'. You need `configure.ac' if
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you want to change it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version
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The simplest way to compile this package is:
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The simplest way to compile this package is:
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1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type
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`./configure' to configure the package for your system. If you're
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using `csh' on an old version of System V, you might need to type
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`sh ./configure' instead to prevent `csh' from trying to execute
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`./configure' to configure the package for your system.
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Running `configure' takes awhile. While running, it prints some
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messages telling which features it is checking for.
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Running `configure' might take a while. While running, it prints
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some messages telling which features it is checking for.
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2. Type `make' to compile the package.
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3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with
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the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries.
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4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and
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5. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
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documentation. When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is
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recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular
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user, and only the `make install' phase executed with root
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5. Optionally, type `make installcheck' to repeat any self-tests, but
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this time using the binaries in their final installed location.
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This target does not install anything. Running this target as a
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regular user, particularly if the prior `make install' required
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root privileges, verifies that the installation completed
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6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
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source code directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the
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files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for
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a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'. There is
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You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the
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same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
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own directory. To do this, you must use a version of `make' that
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supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. `cd' to the
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own directory. To do this, you can use GNU `make'. `cd' to the
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directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
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the `configure' script. `configure' automatically checks for the
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source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'.
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If you have to use a `make' that does not support the `VPATH'
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variable, you have to compile the package for one architecture at a
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time in the source code directory. After you have installed the
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package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before reconfiguring
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for another architecture.
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source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'. This
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is known as a "VPATH" build.
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With a non-GNU `make', it is safer to compile the package for one
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architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have
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installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before
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reconfiguring for another architecture.
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On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and
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executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or
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"universal" binaries--by specifying multiple `-arch' options to the
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compiler but only a single `-arch' option to the preprocessor. Like
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./configure CC="gcc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
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CXX="g++ -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
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CPP="gcc -E" CXXCPP="g++ -E"
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This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you
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may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results
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using the `lipo' tool if you have problems.
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Installation Names
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==================
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By default, `make install' will install the package's files in
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`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/man', etc. You can specify an
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installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving `configure' the
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option `--prefix=PATH'.
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By default, `make install' installs the package's commands under
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`/usr/local/bin', include files under `/usr/local/include', etc. You
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can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving
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`configure' the option `--prefix=PREFIX', where PREFIX must be an
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You can specify separate installation prefixes for
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architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you
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give `configure' the option `--exec-prefix=PATH', the package will use
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PATH as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
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Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix.
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pass the option `--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to `configure', the package uses
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PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
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Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix.
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In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give
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options like `--bindir=PATH' to specify different values for particular
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options like `--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular
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kinds of files. Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories
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you can set and what kinds of files go in them.
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you can set and what kinds of files go in them. In general, the
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default for these options is expressed in terms of `${prefix}', so that
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specifying just `--prefix' will affect all of the other directory
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specifications that were not explicitly provided.
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The most portable way to affect installation locations is to pass the
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correct locations to `configure'; however, many packages provide one or
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both of the following shortcuts of passing variable assignments to the
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`make install' command line to change installation locations without
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having to reconfigure or recompile.
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The first method involves providing an override variable for each
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affected directory. For example, `make install
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prefix=/alternate/directory' will choose an alternate location for all
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directory configuration variables that were expressed in terms of
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`${prefix}'. Any directories that were specified during `configure',
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but not in terms of `${prefix}', must each be overridden at install
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time for the entire installation to be relocated. The approach of
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makefile variable overrides for each directory variable is required by
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the GNU Coding Standards, and ideally causes no recompilation.
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However, some platforms have known limitations with the semantics of
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shared libraries that end up requiring recompilation when using this
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method, particularly noticeable in packages that use GNU Libtool.
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The second method involves providing the `DESTDIR' variable. For
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example, `make install DESTDIR=/alternate/directory' will prepend
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`/alternate/directory' before all installation names. The approach of
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`DESTDIR' overrides is not required by the GNU Coding Standards, and
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does not work on platforms that have drive letters. On the other hand,
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it does better at avoiding recompilation issues, and works well even
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when some directory options were not specified in terms of `${prefix}'
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If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed
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with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the
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option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.
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Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to
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`configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
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They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE
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you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and
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`--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.
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Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the
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execution of `make' will be. For these packages, running `./configure
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--enable-silent-rules' sets the default to minimal output, which can be
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overridden with `make V=1'; while running `./configure
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--disable-silent-rules' sets the default to verbose, which can be
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overridden with `make V=0'.
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On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible. If GNU
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CC is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in
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order to use an ANSI C compiler:
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./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500"
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and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX.
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On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot
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parse its `<wchar.h>' header file. The option `-nodtk' can be used as
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a workaround. If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended
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and if that doesn't work, try
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./configure CC="cc -nodtk"
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On Solaris, don't put `/usr/ucb' early in your `PATH'. This
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directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of
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these programs are available in `/usr/bin'. So, if you need `/usr/ucb'
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in your `PATH', put it _after_ `/usr/bin'.
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On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in `/boot/common',
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not `/usr/local'. It is recommended to use the following options:
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./configure --prefix=/boot/common
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Specifying the System Type
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INSTALL
