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** $Id: lbaselib.c,v 1.191.1.6 2008/02/14 16:46:22 roberto Exp $
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** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
26
** If your system does not support `stdout', you can just remove this function.
27
** If you need, you can define your own `print' function, following this
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** model but changing `fputs' to put the strings at a proper place
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** (a console window or a log file, for instance).
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static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
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int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
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lua_getglobal(L, "tostring");
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for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
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lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* function to be called */
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lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* value to print */
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s = lua_tostring(L, -1); /* get result */
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return luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("tostring") " must return a string to "
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if (i>1) fputs("\t", stdout);
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lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */
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static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {
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int base = luaL_optint(L, 2, 10);
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if (base == 10) { /* standard conversion */
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if (lua_isnumber(L, 1)) {
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lua_pushnumber(L, lua_tonumber(L, 1));
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const char *s1 = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
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luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
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n = strtoul(s1, &s2, base);
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if (s1 != s2) { /* at least one valid digit? */
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while (isspace((unsigned char)(*s2))) s2++; /* skip trailing spaces */
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if (*s2 == '\0') { /* no invalid trailing characters? */
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lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)n);
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lua_pushnil(L); /* else not a number */
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static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {
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int level = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
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if (lua_isstring(L, 1) && level > 0) { /* add extra information? */
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static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
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if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
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return 1; /* no metatable */
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luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable");
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return 1; /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */
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static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
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int t = lua_type(L, 2);
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
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"nil or table expected");
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if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable"))
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luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");
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lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
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static void getfunc (lua_State *L, int opt) {
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if (lua_isfunction(L, 1)) lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
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int level = opt ? luaL_optint(L, 1, 1) : luaL_checkint(L, 1);
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luaL_argcheck(L, level >= 0, 1, "level must be non-negative");
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if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar) == 0)
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luaL_argerror(L, 1, "invalid level");
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lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar);
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if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
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luaL_error(L, "no function environment for tail call at level %d",
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static int luaB_getfenv (lua_State *L) {
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if (lua_iscfunction(L, -1)) /* is a C function? */
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lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX); /* return the thread's global env. */
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static int luaB_setfenv (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE);
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if (lua_isnumber(L, 1) && lua_tonumber(L, 1) == 0) {
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/* change environment of current thread */
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else if (lua_iscfunction(L, -2) || lua_setfenv(L, -2) == 0)
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LUA_QL("setfenv") " cannot change environment of given object");
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static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {
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lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2));
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static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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static int luaB_gcinfo (lua_State *L) {
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lua_pushinteger(L, lua_getgccount(L));
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static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
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static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
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"count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul", NULL};
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static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
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LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL};
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int o = luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts);
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int ex = luaL_optint(L, 2, 0);
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int res = lua_gc(L, optsnum[o], ex);
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switch (optsnum[o]) {
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int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0);
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lua_pushnumber(L, res + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
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lua_pushboolean(L, res);
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lua_pushnumber(L, res);
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static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {
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lua_pushstring(L, luaL_typename(L, 1));
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static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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lua_settop(L, 2); /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */
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static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */
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lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
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lua_pushnil(L); /* and initial value */
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static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
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int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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i++; /* next value */
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lua_pushinteger(L, i);
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lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
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return (lua_isnil(L, -1)) ? 0 : 2;
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static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */
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lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
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lua_pushinteger(L, 0); /* and initial value */
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static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status) {
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if (status == 0) /* OK? */
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lua_insert(L, -2); /* put before error message */
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return 2; /* return nil plus error message */
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static int luaB_loadstring (lua_State *L) {
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const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
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const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
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return load_aux(L, luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, l, chunkname));
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static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
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const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
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return load_aux(L, luaL_loadfile(L, fname));
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** Reader for generic `load' function: `lua_load' uses the
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** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
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** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
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** reserved slot inside the stack.
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static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
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(void)ud; /* to avoid warnings */
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luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");
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lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* get function */
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lua_call(L, 0, 1); /* call it */
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if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
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else if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) {
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lua_replace(L, 3); /* save string in a reserved stack slot */
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return lua_tolstring(L, 3, size);
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else luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
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return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
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static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
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const char *cname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
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lua_settop(L, 3); /* function, eventual name, plus one reserved slot */
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status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, cname);
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return load_aux(L, status);
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static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {
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const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
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int n = lua_gettop(L);
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if (luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != 0) lua_error(L);
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lua_call(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET);
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return lua_gettop(L) - n;
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static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {
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if (!lua_toboolean(L, 1))
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return luaL_error(L, "%s", luaL_optstring(L, 2, "assertion failed!"));
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return lua_gettop(L);
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static int luaB_unpack (lua_State *L) {
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luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
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i = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
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e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 3, luaL_getn(L, 1));
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if (i > e) return 0; /* empty range */
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n = e - i + 1; /* number of elements */
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if (n <= 0 || !lua_checkstack(L, n)) /* n <= 0 means arith. overflow */
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return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack");
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lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* push arg[i] (avoiding overflow problems) */
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while (i++ < e) /* push arg[i + 1...e] */
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lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
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static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {
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int n = lua_gettop(L);
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if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') {
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lua_pushinteger(L, n-1);
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int i = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
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if (i < 0) i = n + i;
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else if (i > n) i = n;
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luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");
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static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {
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status = lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L) - 1, LUA_MULTRET, 0);
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lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0));
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return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */
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static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {
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lua_insert(L, 1); /* put error function under function to be called */
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status = lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 1);
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lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0));
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return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */
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static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) {
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if (luaL_callmeta(L, 1, "__tostring")) /* is there a metafield? */
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return 1; /* use its value */
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switch (lua_type(L, 1)) {
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lua_pushstring(L, lua_tostring(L, 1));
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lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? "true" : "false"));
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lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
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lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", luaL_typename(L, 1), lua_topointer(L, 1));
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static int luaB_newproxy (lua_State *L) {
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lua_newuserdata(L, 0); /* create proxy */
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if (lua_toboolean(L, 1) == 0)
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return 1; /* no metatable */
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else if (lua_isboolean(L, 1)) {
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lua_newtable(L); /* create a new metatable `m' ... */
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lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* ... and mark `m' as a valid metatable */
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lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
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lua_rawset(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* weaktable[m] = true */
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int validproxy = 0; /* to check if weaktable[metatable(u)] == true */
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if (lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
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lua_rawget(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
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validproxy = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
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lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
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luaL_argcheck(L, validproxy, 1, "boolean or proxy expected");
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lua_getmetatable(L, 1); /* metatable is valid; get it */
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lua_setmetatable(L, 2);
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static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
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{"assert", luaB_assert},
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{"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},
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{"dofile", luaB_dofile},
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{"error", luaB_error},
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{"gcinfo", luaB_gcinfo},
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{"getfenv", luaB_getfenv},
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{"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},
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{"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
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{"loadstring", luaB_loadstring},
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{"pcall", luaB_pcall},
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{"print", luaB_print},
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{"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
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{"rawget", luaB_rawget},
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{"rawset", luaB_rawset},
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{"select", luaB_select},
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{"setfenv", luaB_setfenv},
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{"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},
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{"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},
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{"tostring", luaB_tostring},
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{"unpack", luaB_unpack},
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{"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
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** {======================================================
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** =======================================================
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#define CO_RUN 0 /* running */
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#define CO_SUS 1 /* suspended */
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#define CO_NOR 2 /* 'normal' (it resumed another coroutine) */
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static const char *const statnames[] =
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{"running", "suspended", "normal", "dead"};
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static int costatus (lua_State *L, lua_State *co) {
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if (L == co) return CO_RUN;
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switch (lua_status(co)) {
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if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar) > 0) /* does it have frames? */
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return CO_NOR; /* it is running */
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else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0)
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return CO_SUS; /* initial state */
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default: /* some error occured */
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static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
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lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
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luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
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lua_pushstring(L, statnames[costatus(L, co)]);
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static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {
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int status = costatus(L, co);
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if (!lua_checkstack(co, narg))
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luaL_error(L, "too many arguments to resume");
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if (status != CO_SUS) {
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lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot resume %s coroutine", statnames[status]);
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return -1; /* error flag */
525
lua_xmove(L, co, narg);
527
status = lua_resume(co, narg);
528
if (status == 0 || status == LUA_YIELD) {
529
int nres = lua_gettop(co);
530
if (!lua_checkstack(L, nres + 1))
531
luaL_error(L, "too many results to resume");
532
lua_xmove(co, L, nres); /* move yielded values */
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lua_xmove(co, L, 1); /* move error message */
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return -1; /* error flag */
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static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
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lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
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luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
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r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1);
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lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
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return 2; /* return false + error message */
553
lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
554
lua_insert(L, -(r + 1));
555
return r + 1; /* return true + `resume' returns */
560
static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {
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lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
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int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L));
564
if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) { /* error object is a string? */
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luaL_where(L, 1); /* add extra info */
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lua_error(L); /* propagate error */
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static int luaB_cocreate (lua_State *L) {
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lua_State *NL = lua_newthread(L);
577
luaL_argcheck(L, lua_isfunction(L, 1) && !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1,
578
"Lua function expected");
579
lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* move function to top */
580
lua_xmove(L, NL, 1); /* move function from L to NL */
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static int luaB_cowrap (lua_State *L) {
587
lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_auxwrap, 1);
592
static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) {
593
return lua_yield(L, lua_gettop(L));
597
static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {
598
if (lua_pushthread(L))
599
lua_pushnil(L); /* main thread is not a coroutine */
604
static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {
605
{"create", luaB_cocreate},
606
{"resume", luaB_coresume},
607
{"running", luaB_corunning},
608
{"status", luaB_costatus},
609
{"wrap", luaB_cowrap},
610
{"yield", luaB_yield},
614
/* }====================================================== */
617
static void auxopen (lua_State *L, const char *name,
618
lua_CFunction f, lua_CFunction u) {
619
lua_pushcfunction(L, u);
620
lua_pushcclosure(L, f, 1);
621
lua_setfield(L, -2, name);
625
static void base_open (lua_State *L) {
627
lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
628
lua_setglobal(L, "_G");
629
/* open lib into global table */
630
luaL_register(L, "_G", base_funcs);
631
lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
632
lua_setglobal(L, "_VERSION"); /* set global _VERSION */
633
/* `ipairs' and `pairs' need auxliliary functions as upvalues */
634
auxopen(L, "ipairs", luaB_ipairs, ipairsaux);
635
auxopen(L, "pairs", luaB_pairs, luaB_next);
636
/* `newproxy' needs a weaktable as upvalue */
637
lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* new table `w' */
638
lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* `w' will be its own metatable */
639
lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
640
lua_pushliteral(L, "kv");
641
lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode"); /* metatable(w).__mode = "kv" */
642
lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_newproxy, 1);
643
lua_setglobal(L, "newproxy"); /* set global `newproxy' */
647
LUALIB_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {
649
luaL_register(L, LUA_COLIBNAME, co_funcs);