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require 'action_view/helpers/tag_helper'
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module Helpers #:nodoc:
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# The TextHelper module provides a set of methods for filtering, formatting
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# and transforming strings, which can reduce the amount of inline Ruby code in
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# your views. These helper methods extend ActionView making them callable
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# within your template files.
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# The preferred method of outputting text in your views is to use the
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# <%= "text" %> eRuby syntax. The regular _puts_ and _print_ methods
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# do not operate as expected in an eRuby code block. If you absolutely must
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# output text within a non-output code block (i.e., <% %>), you can use the concat method.
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# # is the equivalent of <%= "hello" %>
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# if (logged_in == true):
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# concat link_to('login', :action => login)
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# # will either display "Logged in!" or a login link
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def concat(string, unused_binding = nil)
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ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("The binding argument of #concat is no longer needed. Please remove it from your views and helpers.", caller)
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output_buffer << string
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# Truncates a given +text+ after a given <tt>:length</tt> if +text+ is longer than <tt>:length</tt>
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# (defaults to 30). The last characters will be replaced with the <tt>:omission</tt> (defaults to "...")
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# for a total length not exceeding <tt>:length</tt>.
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# truncate("Once upon a time in a world far far away")
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# # => Once upon a time in a world...
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# truncate("Once upon a time in a world far far away", :length => 14)
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# truncate("And they found that many people were sleeping better.", :length => 25, "(clipped)")
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# # => And they found t(clipped)
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# truncate("And they found that many people were sleeping better.", :omission => "... (continued)", :length => 25)
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# # => And they f... (continued)
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# You can still use <tt>truncate</tt> with the old API that accepts the
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# +length+ as its optional second and the +ellipsis+ as its
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# optional third parameter:
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# truncate("Once upon a time in a world far far away", 14)
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# truncate("And they found that many people were sleeping better.", 25, "... (continued)")
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# # => And they f... (continued)
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def truncate(text, *args)
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options = args.extract_options!
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ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn('truncate takes an option hash instead of separate ' +
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'length and omission arguments', caller)
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options[:length] = args[0] || 30
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options[:omission] = args[1] || "..."
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options.reverse_merge!(:length => 30, :omission => "...")
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l = options[:length] - options[:omission].mb_chars.length
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(chars.length > options[:length] ? chars[0...l] + options[:omission] : text).to_s
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# Highlights one or more +phrases+ everywhere in +text+ by inserting it into
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# a <tt>:highlighter</tt> string. The highlighter can be specialized by passing <tt>:highlighter</tt>
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# as a single-quoted string with \1 where the phrase is to be inserted (defaults to
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# '<strong class="highlight">\1</strong>')
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# highlight('You searched for: rails', 'rails')
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# # => You searched for: <strong class="highlight">rails</strong>
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# highlight('You searched for: ruby, rails, dhh', 'actionpack')
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# # => You searched for: ruby, rails, dhh
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# highlight('You searched for: rails', ['for', 'rails'], :highlighter => '<em>\1</em>')
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# # => You searched <em>for</em>: <em>rails</em>
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# highlight('You searched for: rails', 'rails', :highlighter => '<a href="search?q=\1">\1</a>')
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# # => You searched for: <a href="search?q=rails">rails</a>
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# You can still use <tt>highlight</tt> with the old API that accepts the
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# +highlighter+ as its optional third parameter:
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# highlight('You searched for: rails', 'rails', '<a href="search?q=\1">\1</a>') # => You searched for: <a href="search?q=rails">rails</a>
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def highlight(text, phrases, *args)
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options = args.extract_options!
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options[:highlighter] = args[0] || '<strong class="highlight">\1</strong>'
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options.reverse_merge!(:highlighter => '<strong class="highlight">\1</strong>')
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if text.blank? || phrases.blank?
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match = Array(phrases).map { |p| Regexp.escape(p) }.join('|')
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text.gsub(/(#{match})(?!(?:[^<]*?)(?:["'])[^<>]*>)/i, options[:highlighter])
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# Extracts an excerpt from +text+ that matches the first instance of +phrase+.
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# The <tt>:radius</tt> option expands the excerpt on each side of the first occurrence of +phrase+ by the number of characters
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# defined in <tt>:radius</tt> (which defaults to 100). If the excerpt radius overflows the beginning or end of the +text+,
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# then the <tt>:omission</tt> option (which defaults to "...") will be prepended/appended accordingly. The resulting string
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# will be stripped in any case. If the +phrase+ isn't found, nil is returned.
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# excerpt('This is an example', 'an', :radius => 5)
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# # => ...s is an exam...
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# excerpt('This is an example', 'is', :radius => 5)
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# excerpt('This is an example', 'is')
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# # => This is an example
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# excerpt('This next thing is an example', 'ex', :radius => 2)
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# excerpt('This is also an example', 'an', :radius => 8, :omission => '<chop> ')
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# # => <chop> is also an example
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# You can still use <tt>excerpt</tt> with the old API that accepts the
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# +radius+ as its optional third and the +ellipsis+ as its
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# optional forth parameter:
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# excerpt('This is an example', 'an', 5) # => ...s is an exam...
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# excerpt('This is also an example', 'an', 8, '<chop> ') # => <chop> is also an example
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def excerpt(text, phrase, *args)
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options = args.extract_options!
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options[:radius] = args[0] || 100
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options[:omission] = args[1] || "..."
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options.reverse_merge!(:radius => 100, :omission => "...")
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phrase = Regexp.escape(phrase)
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if found_pos = text.mb_chars =~ /(#{phrase})/i
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start_pos = [ found_pos - options[:radius], 0 ].max
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end_pos = [ [ found_pos + phrase.mb_chars.length + options[:radius] - 1, 0].max, text.mb_chars.length ].min
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prefix = start_pos > 0 ? options[:omission] : ""
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postfix = end_pos < text.mb_chars.length - 1 ? options[:omission] : ""
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prefix + text.mb_chars[start_pos..end_pos].strip + postfix
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# Attempts to pluralize the +singular+ word unless +count+ is 1. If
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# +plural+ is supplied, it will use that when count is > 1, otherwise
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# it will use the Inflector to determine the plural form
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# pluralize(1, 'person')
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# pluralize(2, 'person')
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# pluralize(3, 'person', 'users')
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# pluralize(0, 'person')
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def pluralize(count, singular, plural = nil)
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"#{count || 0} " + ((count == 1 || count == '1') ? singular : (plural || singular.pluralize))
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# Wraps the +text+ into lines no longer than +line_width+ width. This method
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# breaks on the first whitespace character that does not exceed +line_width+
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# (which is 80 by default).
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# word_wrap('Once upon a time')
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# # => Once upon a time
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# word_wrap('Once upon a time, in a kingdom called Far Far Away, a king fell ill, and finding a successor to the throne turned out to be more trouble than anyone could have imagined...')
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# # => Once upon a time, in a kingdom called Far Far Away, a king fell ill, and finding\n a successor to the throne turned out to be more trouble than anyone could have\n imagined...
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# word_wrap('Once upon a time', :line_width => 8)
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# # => Once upon\na time
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# word_wrap('Once upon a time', :line_width => 1)
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# # => Once\nupon\na\ntime
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# You can still use <tt>word_wrap</tt> with the old API that accepts the
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# +line_width+ as its optional second parameter:
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# word_wrap('Once upon a time', 8) # => Once upon\na time
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def word_wrap(text, *args)
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options = args.extract_options!
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options[:line_width] = args[0] || 80
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options.reverse_merge!(:line_width => 80)
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text.split("\n").collect do |line|
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line.length > options[:line_width] ? line.gsub(/(.{1,#{options[:line_width]}})(\s+|$)/, "\\1\n").strip : line
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# Returns the text with all the Textile[http://www.textism.com/tools/textile] codes turned into HTML tags.
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# You can learn more about Textile's syntax at its website[http://www.textism.com/tools/textile].
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# <i>This method is only available if RedCloth[http://whytheluckystiff.net/ruby/redcloth/]
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# textilize("*This is Textile!* Rejoice!")
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# # => "<p><strong>This is Textile!</strong> Rejoice!</p>"
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# textilize("I _love_ ROR(Ruby on Rails)!")
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# # => "<p>I <em>love</em> <acronym title="Ruby on Rails">ROR</acronym>!</p>"
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# textilize("h2. Textile makes markup -easy- simple!")
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# # => "<h2>Textile makes markup <del>easy</del> simple!</h2>"
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# textilize("Visit the Rails website "here":http://www.rubyonrails.org/.)
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# # => "<p>Visit the Rails website <a href="http://www.rubyonrails.org/">here</a>.</p>"
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# textilize("This is worded <strong>strongly</strong>")
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# # => "<p>This is worded <strong>strongly</strong></p>"
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# textilize("This is worded <strong>strongly</strong>", :filter_html)
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# # => "<p>This is worded <strong>strongly</strong></p>"
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def textilize(text, *options)
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options ||= [:hard_breaks]
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textilized = RedCloth.new(text, options)
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# Returns the text with all the Textile codes turned into HTML tags,
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# but without the bounding <p> tag that RedCloth adds.
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# You can learn more about Textile's syntax at its website[http://www.textism.com/tools/textile].
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# <i>This method is requires RedCloth[http://whytheluckystiff.net/ruby/redcloth/]
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# to be available</i>.
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# textilize_without_paragraph("*This is Textile!* Rejoice!")
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# # => "<strong>This is Textile!</strong> Rejoice!"
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# textilize_without_paragraph("I _love_ ROR(Ruby on Rails)!")
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# # => "I <em>love</em> <acronym title="Ruby on Rails">ROR</acronym>!"
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# textilize_without_paragraph("h2. Textile makes markup -easy- simple!")
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# # => "<h2>Textile makes markup <del>easy</del> simple!</h2>"
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# textilize_without_paragraph("Visit the Rails website "here":http://www.rubyonrails.org/.)
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# # => "Visit the Rails website <a href="http://www.rubyonrails.org/">here</a>."
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def textilize_without_paragraph(text)
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textiled = textilize(text)
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if textiled[0..2] == "<p>" then textiled = textiled[3..-1] end
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if textiled[-4..-1] == "</p>" then textiled = textiled[0..-5] end
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# Returns the text with all the Markdown codes turned into HTML tags.
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# <i>This method requires BlueCloth[http://www.deveiate.org/projects/BlueCloth] or another
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# Markdown library to be installed.</i>.
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# markdown("We are using __Markdown__ now!")
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# # => "<p>We are using <strong>Markdown</strong> now!</p>"
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# markdown("We like to _write_ `code`, not just _read_ it!")
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# # => "<p>We like to <em>write</em> <code>code</code>, not just <em>read</em> it!</p>"
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# markdown("The [Markdown website](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/) has more information.")
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# # => "<p>The <a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/">Markdown website</a>
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# # has more information.</p>"
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# markdown('![The ROR logo](http://rubyonrails.com/images/rails.png "Ruby on Rails")')
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# # => '<p><img src="http://rubyonrails.com/images/rails.png" alt="The ROR logo" title="Ruby on Rails" /></p>'
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text.blank? ? "" : Markdown.new(text).to_html
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# Returns +text+ transformed into HTML using simple formatting rules.
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# Two or more consecutive newlines(<tt>\n\n</tt>) are considered as a
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# paragraph and wrapped in <tt><p></tt> tags. One newline (<tt>\n</tt>) is
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# considered as a linebreak and a <tt><br /></tt> tag is appended. This
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# method does not remove the newlines from the +text+.
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# You can pass any HTML attributes into <tt>html_options</tt>. These
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# will be added to all created paragraphs.
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# my_text = "Here is some basic text...\n...with a line break."
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# simple_format(my_text)
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# # => "<p>Here is some basic text...\n<br />...with a line break.</p>"
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# more_text = "We want to put a paragraph...\n\n...right there."
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# simple_format(more_text)
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# # => "<p>We want to put a paragraph...</p>\n\n<p>...right there.</p>"
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# simple_format("Look ma! A class!", :class => 'description')
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# # => "<p class='description'>Look ma! A class!</p>"
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def simple_format(text, html_options={})
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start_tag = tag('p', html_options, true)
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text.gsub!(/\r\n?/, "\n") # \r\n and \r -> \n
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text.gsub!(/\n\n+/, "</p>\n\n#{start_tag}") # 2+ newline -> paragraph
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text.gsub!(/([^\n]\n)(?=[^\n])/, '\1<br />') # 1 newline -> br
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text.insert 0, start_tag
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# Turns all URLs and e-mail addresses into clickable links. The <tt>:link</tt> option
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# will limit what should be linked. You can add HTML attributes to the links using
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# <tt>:href_options</tt>. Possible values for <tt>:link</tt> are <tt>:all</tt> (default),
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# <tt>:email_addresses</tt>, and <tt>:urls</tt>. If a block is given, each URL and
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# e-mail address is yielded and the result is used as the link text.
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# auto_link("Go to http://www.rubyonrails.org and say hello to david@loudthinking.com")
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# # => "Go to <a href=\"http://www.rubyonrails.org\">http://www.rubyonrails.org</a> and
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# # say hello to <a href=\"mailto:david@loudthinking.com\">david@loudthinking.com</a>"
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# auto_link("Visit http://www.loudthinking.com/ or e-mail david@loudthinking.com", :link => :urls)
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# # => "Visit <a href=\"http://www.loudthinking.com/\">http://www.loudthinking.com/</a>
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# # or e-mail david@loudthinking.com"
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# auto_link("Visit http://www.loudthinking.com/ or e-mail david@loudthinking.com", :link => :email_addresses)
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# # => "Visit http://www.loudthinking.com/ or e-mail <a href=\"mailto:david@loudthinking.com\">david@loudthinking.com</a>"
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# post_body = "Welcome to my new blog at http://www.myblog.com/. Please e-mail me at me@email.com."
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# auto_link(post_body, :href_options => { :target => '_blank' }) do |text|
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# # => "Welcome to my new blog at <a href=\"http://www.myblog.com/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.m...</a>.
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# Please e-mail me at <a href=\"mailto:me@email.com\">me@email.com</a>."
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# You can still use <tt>auto_link</tt> with the old API that accepts the
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# +link+ as its optional second parameter and the +html_options+ hash
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# as its optional third parameter:
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# post_body = "Welcome to my new blog at http://www.myblog.com/. Please e-mail me at me@email.com."
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# auto_link(post_body, :urls) # => Once upon\na time
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# # => "Welcome to my new blog at <a href=\"http://www.myblog.com/\">http://www.myblog.com</a>.
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# Please e-mail me at me@email.com."
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# auto_link(post_body, :all, :target => "_blank") # => Once upon\na time
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# # => "Welcome to my new blog at <a href=\"http://www.myblog.com/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.myblog.com</a>.
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# Please e-mail me at <a href=\"mailto:me@email.com\">me@email.com</a>."
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def auto_link(text, *args, &block)#link = :all, href_options = {}, &block)
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return '' if text.blank?
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options = args.size == 2 ? {} : args.extract_options! # this is necessary because the old auto_link API has a Hash as its last parameter
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options[:link] = args[0] || :all
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options[:html] = args[1] || {}
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options.reverse_merge!(:link => :all, :html => {})
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case options[:link].to_sym
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when :all then auto_link_email_addresses(auto_link_urls(text, options[:html], &block), options[:html], &block)
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when :email_addresses then auto_link_email_addresses(text, options[:html], &block)
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when :urls then auto_link_urls(text, options[:html], &block)
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# Creates a Cycle object whose _to_s_ method cycles through elements of an
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# array every time it is called. This can be used for example, to alternate
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# classes for table rows. You can use named cycles to allow nesting in loops.
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# Passing a Hash as the last parameter with a <tt>:name</tt> key will create a
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# named cycle. The default name for a cycle without a +:name+ key is
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# <tt>"default"</tt>. You can manually reset a cycle by calling reset_cycle
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# and passing the name of the cycle. The current cycle string can be obtained
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# anytime using the current_cycle method.
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# # Alternate CSS classes for even and odd numbers...
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# <% @items.each do |item| %>
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# <tr class="<%= cycle("even", "odd") -%>">
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# # Cycle CSS classes for rows, and text colors for values within each row
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# @items = x = [{:first => 'Robert', :middle => 'Daniel', :last => 'James'},
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# {:first => 'Emily', :middle => 'Shannon', :maiden => 'Pike', :last => 'Hicks'},
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# {:first => 'June', :middle => 'Dae', :last => 'Jones'}]
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# <% @items.each do |item| %>
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# <tr class="<%= cycle("even", "odd", :name => "row_class") -%>">
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# <% item.values.each do |value| %>
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# <%# Create a named cycle "colors" %>
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# <span style="color:<%= cycle("red", "green", "blue", :name => "colors") -%>">
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# <% reset_cycle("colors") %>
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def cycle(first_value, *values)
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if (values.last.instance_of? Hash)
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values.unshift(first_value)
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cycle = get_cycle(name)
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if (cycle.nil? || cycle.values != values)
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cycle = set_cycle(name, Cycle.new(*values))
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# Returns the current cycle string after a cycle has been started. Useful
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# for complex table highlighing or any other design need which requires
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# the current cycle string in more than one place.
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# # Alternate background colors
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# <% @items.each do |item| %>
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# <div style="background-color:<%= cycle("red","white","blue") %>">
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# <span style="background-color:<%= current_cycle %>"><%= item %></span>
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def current_cycle(name = "default")
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cycle = get_cycle(name)
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cycle.current_value unless cycle.nil?
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# Resets a cycle so that it starts from the first element the next time
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# it is called. Pass in +name+ to reset a named cycle.
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# # Alternate CSS classes for even and odd numbers...
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# @items = [[1,2,3,4], [5,6,3], [3,4,5,6,7,4]]
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# <% @items.each do |item| %>
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# <tr class="<%= cycle("even", "odd") -%>">
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# <% item.each do |value| %>
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# <span style="color:<%= cycle("#333", "#666", "#999", :name => "colors") -%>">
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# <% reset_cycle("colors") %>
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def reset_cycle(name = "default")
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cycle = get_cycle(name)
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cycle.reset unless cycle.nil?
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def initialize(first_value, *values)
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@values = values.unshift(first_value)
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@values[previous_index].to_s
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value = @values[@index].to_s
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(@index + n) % @values.size
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# The cycle helpers need to store the cycles in a place that is
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# guaranteed to be reset every time a page is rendered, so it
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# uses an instance variable of ActionView::Base.
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@_cycles = Hash.new unless defined?(@_cycles)
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return @_cycles[name]
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def set_cycle(name, cycle_object)
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@_cycles = Hash.new unless defined?(@_cycles)
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@_cycles[name] = cycle_object
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( https?:// | www\. )
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}x unless const_defined?(:AUTO_LINK_RE)
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BRACKETS = { ']' => '[', ')' => '(', '}' => '{' }
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# Turns all urls into clickable links. If a block is given, each url
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# is yielded and the result is used as the link text.
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def auto_link_urls(text, html_options = {})
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link_attributes = html_options.stringify_keys
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text.gsub(AUTO_LINK_RE) do
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# detect already linked URLs and URLs in the middle of a tag
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if left =~ /<[^>]+$/ && right =~ /^[^>]*>/
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# do not change string; URL is alreay linked
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# don't include trailing punctuation character as part of the URL
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if href.sub!(/[^\w\/-]$/, '') and punctuation = $& and opening = BRACKETS[punctuation]
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if href.scan(opening).size > href.scan(punctuation).size
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link_text = block_given?? yield(href) : href
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href = 'http://' + href unless href.index('http') == 0
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content_tag(:a, h(link_text), link_attributes.merge('href' => href)) + punctuation
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# Turns all email addresses into clickable links. If a block is given,
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# each email is yielded and the result is used as the link text.
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def auto_link_email_addresses(text, html_options = {})
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text.gsub(/([\w\.!#\$%\-+.]+@[A-Za-z0-9\-]+(\.[A-Za-z0-9\-]+)+)/) do
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if body.match(/<a\b[^>]*>(.*)(#{Regexp.escape(text)})(.*)<\/a>/)
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display_text = (block_given?) ? yield(text) : text
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mail_to text, display_text, html_options