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# The TimeZone class serves as a wrapper around TZInfo::Timezone instances. It allows us to do the following:
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# * Limit the set of zones provided by TZInfo to a meaningful subset of 142 zones.
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# * Retrieve and display zones with a friendlier name (e.g., "Eastern Time (US & Canada)" instead of "America/New_York").
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# * Lazily load TZInfo::Timezone instances only when they're needed.
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# * Create ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone instances via TimeZone's +local+, +parse+, +at+ and +now+ methods.
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# If you set <tt>config.time_zone</tt> in the Rails Initializer, you can access this TimeZone object via <tt>Time.zone</tt>:
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# Rails::Initializer.run do |config|
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# config.time_zone = "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
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# Time.zone # => #<TimeZone:0x514834...>
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# Time.zone.name # => "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
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# Time.zone.now # => Sun, 18 May 2008 14:30:44 EDT -04:00
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# The version of TZInfo bundled with Active Support only includes the definitions necessary to support the zones
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# defined by the TimeZone class. If you need to use zones that aren't defined by TimeZone, you'll need to install the TZInfo gem
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# (if a recent version of the gem is installed locally, this will be used instead of the bundled version.)
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unless const_defined?(:MAPPING)
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# Keys are Rails TimeZone names, values are TZInfo identifiers
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"International Date Line West" => "Pacific/Midway",
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"Midway Island" => "Pacific/Midway",
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"Samoa" => "Pacific/Pago_Pago",
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"Hawaii" => "Pacific/Honolulu",
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"Alaska" => "America/Juneau",
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"Pacific Time (US & Canada)" => "America/Los_Angeles",
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"Tijuana" => "America/Tijuana",
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"Mountain Time (US & Canada)" => "America/Denver",
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"Arizona" => "America/Phoenix",
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"Chihuahua" => "America/Chihuahua",
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"Mazatlan" => "America/Mazatlan",
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"Central Time (US & Canada)" => "America/Chicago",
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"Saskatchewan" => "America/Regina",
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"Guadalajara" => "America/Mexico_City",
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"Mexico City" => "America/Mexico_City",
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"Monterrey" => "America/Monterrey",
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"Central America" => "America/Guatemala",
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"Eastern Time (US & Canada)" => "America/New_York",
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"Indiana (East)" => "America/Indiana/Indianapolis",
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"Bogota" => "America/Bogota",
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"Lima" => "America/Lima",
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"Quito" => "America/Lima",
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"Atlantic Time (Canada)" => "America/Halifax",
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"Caracas" => "America/Caracas",
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"La Paz" => "America/La_Paz",
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"Santiago" => "America/Santiago",
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"Newfoundland" => "America/St_Johns",
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"Brasilia" => "America/Sao_Paulo",
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"Buenos Aires" => "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires",
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"Georgetown" => "America/Argentina/San_Juan",
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"Greenland" => "America/Godthab",
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"Mid-Atlantic" => "Atlantic/South_Georgia",
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"Azores" => "Atlantic/Azores",
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"Cape Verde Is." => "Atlantic/Cape_Verde",
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"Dublin" => "Europe/Dublin",
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"Edinburgh" => "Europe/Dublin",
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"Lisbon" => "Europe/Lisbon",
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"London" => "Europe/London",
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"Casablanca" => "Africa/Casablanca",
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"Monrovia" => "Africa/Monrovia",
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"Belgrade" => "Europe/Belgrade",
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"Bratislava" => "Europe/Bratislava",
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"Budapest" => "Europe/Budapest",
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"Ljubljana" => "Europe/Ljubljana",
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"Prague" => "Europe/Prague",
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"Sarajevo" => "Europe/Sarajevo",
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"Skopje" => "Europe/Skopje",
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"Warsaw" => "Europe/Warsaw",
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"Zagreb" => "Europe/Zagreb",
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"Brussels" => "Europe/Brussels",
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"Copenhagen" => "Europe/Copenhagen",
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"Madrid" => "Europe/Madrid",
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"Paris" => "Europe/Paris",
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"Amsterdam" => "Europe/Amsterdam",
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"Berlin" => "Europe/Berlin",
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"Bern" => "Europe/Berlin",
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"Rome" => "Europe/Rome",
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"Stockholm" => "Europe/Stockholm",
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"Vienna" => "Europe/Vienna",
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"West Central Africa" => "Africa/Algiers",
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"Bucharest" => "Europe/Bucharest",
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"Cairo" => "Africa/Cairo",
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"Helsinki" => "Europe/Helsinki",
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"Kyev" => "Europe/Kiev",
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"Riga" => "Europe/Riga",
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"Sofia" => "Europe/Sofia",
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"Tallinn" => "Europe/Tallinn",
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"Vilnius" => "Europe/Vilnius",
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"Athens" => "Europe/Athens",
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"Istanbul" => "Europe/Istanbul",
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"Minsk" => "Europe/Minsk",
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"Jerusalem" => "Asia/Jerusalem",
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"Harare" => "Africa/Harare",
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"Pretoria" => "Africa/Johannesburg",
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"Moscow" => "Europe/Moscow",
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"St. Petersburg" => "Europe/Moscow",
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"Volgograd" => "Europe/Moscow",
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"Kuwait" => "Asia/Kuwait",
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"Riyadh" => "Asia/Riyadh",
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"Nairobi" => "Africa/Nairobi",
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"Baghdad" => "Asia/Baghdad",
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"Tehran" => "Asia/Tehran",
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"Abu Dhabi" => "Asia/Muscat",
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"Muscat" => "Asia/Muscat",
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"Baku" => "Asia/Baku",
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"Tbilisi" => "Asia/Tbilisi",
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"Yerevan" => "Asia/Yerevan",
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"Kabul" => "Asia/Kabul",
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"Ekaterinburg" => "Asia/Yekaterinburg",
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"Islamabad" => "Asia/Karachi",
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"Karachi" => "Asia/Karachi",
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"Tashkent" => "Asia/Tashkent",
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"Chennai" => "Asia/Kolkata",
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"Kolkata" => "Asia/Kolkata",
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"Mumbai" => "Asia/Kolkata",
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"New Delhi" => "Asia/Kolkata",
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"Kathmandu" => "Asia/Katmandu",
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"Astana" => "Asia/Dhaka",
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"Dhaka" => "Asia/Dhaka",
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"Sri Jayawardenepura" => "Asia/Colombo",
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"Almaty" => "Asia/Almaty",
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"Novosibirsk" => "Asia/Novosibirsk",
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"Rangoon" => "Asia/Rangoon",
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"Bangkok" => "Asia/Bangkok",
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"Hanoi" => "Asia/Bangkok",
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"Jakarta" => "Asia/Jakarta",
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"Krasnoyarsk" => "Asia/Krasnoyarsk",
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"Beijing" => "Asia/Shanghai",
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"Chongqing" => "Asia/Chongqing",
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"Hong Kong" => "Asia/Hong_Kong",
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"Urumqi" => "Asia/Urumqi",
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"Kuala Lumpur" => "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur",
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"Singapore" => "Asia/Singapore",
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"Taipei" => "Asia/Taipei",
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"Perth" => "Australia/Perth",
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"Irkutsk" => "Asia/Irkutsk",
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"Ulaan Bataar" => "Asia/Ulaanbaatar",
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"Seoul" => "Asia/Seoul",
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"Osaka" => "Asia/Tokyo",
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"Sapporo" => "Asia/Tokyo",
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"Tokyo" => "Asia/Tokyo",
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"Yakutsk" => "Asia/Yakutsk",
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"Darwin" => "Australia/Darwin",
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"Adelaide" => "Australia/Adelaide",
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"Canberra" => "Australia/Melbourne",
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"Melbourne" => "Australia/Melbourne",
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"Sydney" => "Australia/Sydney",
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"Brisbane" => "Australia/Brisbane",
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"Hobart" => "Australia/Hobart",
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"Vladivostok" => "Asia/Vladivostok",
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"Guam" => "Pacific/Guam",
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"Port Moresby" => "Pacific/Port_Moresby",
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"Magadan" => "Asia/Magadan",
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"Solomon Is." => "Asia/Magadan",
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"New Caledonia" => "Pacific/Noumea",
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"Fiji" => "Pacific/Fiji",
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"Kamchatka" => "Asia/Kamchatka",
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"Marshall Is." => "Pacific/Majuro",
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"Auckland" => "Pacific/Auckland",
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"Wellington" => "Pacific/Auckland",
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"Nuku'alofa" => "Pacific/Tongatapu"
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}.each { |name, zone| name.freeze; zone.freeze }
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# Create a new TimeZone object with the given name and offset. The
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# offset is the number of seconds that this time zone is offset from UTC
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# (GMT). Seconds were chosen as the offset unit because that is the unit that
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# Ruby uses to represent time zone offsets (see Time#utc_offset).
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def initialize(name, utc_offset, tzinfo = nil)
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@utc_offset = utc_offset
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@utc_offset ||= tzinfo.current_period.utc_offset
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# Returns the offset of this time zone as a formatted string, of the
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def formatted_offset(colon=true, alternate_utc_string = nil)
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utc_offset == 0 && alternate_utc_string || utc_offset.to_utc_offset_s(colon)
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# Compare this time zone to the parameter. The two are comapred first on
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# their offsets, and then by name.
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result = (utc_offset <=> zone.utc_offset)
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result = (name <=> zone.name) if result == 0
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# Compare #name and TZInfo identifier to a supplied regexp, returning true
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# if a match is found.
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return true if name =~ re || MAPPING[name] =~ re
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# Returns a textual representation of this time zone.
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"(GMT#{formatted_offset}) #{name}"
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# Method for creating new ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone instance in time zone of +self+ from given values. Example:
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# Time.zone = "Hawaii" # => "Hawaii"
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# Time.zone.local(2007, 2, 1, 15, 30, 45) # => Thu, 01 Feb 2007 15:30:45 HST -10:00
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time = Time.utc_time(*args)
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ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.new(nil, self, time)
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# Method for creating new ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone instance in time zone of +self+ from number of seconds since the Unix epoch. Example:
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# Time.zone = "Hawaii" # => "Hawaii"
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# Time.utc(2000).to_f # => 946684800.0
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# Time.zone.at(946684800.0) # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
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utc = Time.at(secs).utc rescue DateTime.civil(1970).since(secs)
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utc.in_time_zone(self)
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# Method for creating new ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone instance in time zone of +self+ from parsed string. Example:
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# Time.zone = "Hawaii" # => "Hawaii"
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# Time.zone.parse('1999-12-31 14:00:00') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
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# If upper components are missing from the string, they are supplied from TimeZone#now:
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# Time.zone.now # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
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# Time.zone.parse('22:30:00') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 22:30:00 HST -10:00
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def parse(str, now=now)
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date_parts = Date._parse(str)
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return if date_parts.blank?
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time = Time.parse(str, now) rescue DateTime.parse(str)
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if date_parts[:offset].nil?
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ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.new(nil, self, time)
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time.in_time_zone(self)
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# Returns an ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone instance representing the current time
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# in the time zone represented by +self+. Example:
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# Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
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# Time.zone.now # => Wed, 23 Jan 2008 20:24:27 HST -10:00
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Time.now.utc.in_time_zone(self)
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# Return the current date in this time zone.
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# Adjust the given time to the simultaneous time in the time zone represented by +self+. Returns a
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# Time.utc() instance -- if you want an ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone instance, use Time#in_time_zone() instead.
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def utc_to_local(time)
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tzinfo.utc_to_local(time)
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# Adjust the given time to the simultaneous time in UTC. Returns a Time.utc() instance.
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def local_to_utc(time, dst=true)
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tzinfo.local_to_utc(time, dst)
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# Available so that TimeZone instances respond like TZInfo::Timezone instances
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def period_for_utc(time)
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tzinfo.period_for_utc(time)
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# Available so that TimeZone instances respond like TZInfo::Timezone instances
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def period_for_local(time, dst=true)
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tzinfo.period_for_local(time, dst)
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# TODO: Preload instead of lazy load for thread safety
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require 'tzinfo' unless defined?(TZInfo)
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@tzinfo ||= TZInfo::Timezone.get(MAPPING[name])
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unless const_defined?(:ZONES)
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[[-39_600, "International Date Line West", "Midway Island", "Samoa" ],
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[-36_000, "Hawaii" ],
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[-32_400, "Alaska" ],
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[-28_800, "Pacific Time (US & Canada)", "Tijuana" ],
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[-25_200, "Mountain Time (US & Canada)", "Chihuahua", "Mazatlan",
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[-21_600, "Central Time (US & Canada)", "Saskatchewan", "Guadalajara",
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"Mexico City", "Monterrey", "Central America" ],
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[-18_000, "Eastern Time (US & Canada)", "Indiana (East)", "Bogota",
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[-16_200, "Caracas" ],
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[-14_400, "Atlantic Time (Canada)", "La Paz", "Santiago" ],
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[-12_600, "Newfoundland" ],
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[-10_800, "Brasilia", "Buenos Aires", "Georgetown", "Greenland" ],
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[ -7_200, "Mid-Atlantic" ],
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[ -3_600, "Azores", "Cape Verde Is." ],
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[ 0, "Dublin", "Edinburgh", "Lisbon", "London", "Casablanca",
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[ 3_600, "Belgrade", "Bratislava", "Budapest", "Ljubljana", "Prague",
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"Sarajevo", "Skopje", "Warsaw", "Zagreb", "Brussels",
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"Copenhagen", "Madrid", "Paris", "Amsterdam", "Berlin",
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"Bern", "Rome", "Stockholm", "Vienna",
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"West Central Africa" ],
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[ 7_200, "Bucharest", "Cairo", "Helsinki", "Kyev", "Riga", "Sofia",
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"Tallinn", "Vilnius", "Athens", "Istanbul", "Minsk",
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"Jerusalem", "Harare", "Pretoria" ],
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[ 10_800, "Moscow", "St. Petersburg", "Volgograd", "Kuwait", "Riyadh",
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"Nairobi", "Baghdad" ],
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[ 12_600, "Tehran" ],
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[ 14_400, "Abu Dhabi", "Muscat", "Baku", "Tbilisi", "Yerevan" ],
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[ 18_000, "Ekaterinburg", "Islamabad", "Karachi", "Tashkent" ],
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[ 19_800, "Chennai", "Kolkata", "Mumbai", "New Delhi", "Sri Jayawardenepura" ],
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[ 20_700, "Kathmandu" ],
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[ 21_600, "Astana", "Dhaka", "Almaty",
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[ 23_400, "Rangoon" ],
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[ 25_200, "Bangkok", "Hanoi", "Jakarta", "Krasnoyarsk" ],
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[ 28_800, "Beijing", "Chongqing", "Hong Kong", "Urumqi",
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"Kuala Lumpur", "Singapore", "Taipei", "Perth", "Irkutsk",
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[ 32_400, "Seoul", "Osaka", "Sapporo", "Tokyo", "Yakutsk" ],
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[ 34_200, "Darwin", "Adelaide" ],
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[ 36_000, "Canberra", "Melbourne", "Sydney", "Brisbane", "Hobart",
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"Vladivostok", "Guam", "Port Moresby" ],
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[ 39_600, "Magadan", "Solomon Is.", "New Caledonia" ],
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[ 43_200, "Fiji", "Kamchatka", "Marshall Is.", "Auckland",
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[ 46_800, "Nuku'alofa" ]].
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each do |offset, *places|
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places.each do |place|
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zone = new(place, offset)
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ZONES_MAP[place] = zone
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US_ZONES = ZONES.find_all { |z| z.name =~ /US|Arizona|Indiana|Hawaii|Alaska/ }
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alias_method :create, :new
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# Return a TimeZone instance with the given name, or +nil+ if no
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# such TimeZone instance exists. (This exists to support the use of
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# this class with the +composed_of+ macro.)
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# Return an array of all TimeZone objects. There are multiple
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# TimeZone objects per time zone, in many cases, to make it easier
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# for users to find their own time zone.
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# Locate a specific time zone object. If the argument is a string, it
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# is interpreted to mean the name of the timezone to locate. If it is a
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# numeric value it is either the hour offset, or the second offset, of the
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# timezone to find. (The first one with that offset will be returned.)
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# Returns +nil+ if no such time zone is known to the system.
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when Numeric, ActiveSupport::Duration
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arg *= 3600 if arg.abs <= 13
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all.find { |z| z.utc_offset == arg.to_i }
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raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument to TimeZone[]: #{arg.inspect}"
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# A convenience method for returning a collection of TimeZone objects
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# for time zones in the USA.