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#require 'action_view/helpers/javascript_helper'
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module Helpers #:nodoc:
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# Provides a set of methods for making links and getting URLs that
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# depend on the routing subsystem (see ActionController::Routing).
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# This allows you to use the same format for links in views
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include JavaScriptHelper
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# Returns the URL for the set of +options+ provided. This takes the
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# same options as +url_for+ in Action Controller (see the
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# documentation for ActionController::Base#url_for). Note that by default
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# <tt>:only_path</tt> is <tt>true</tt> so you'll get the relative /controller/action
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# instead of the fully qualified URL like http://example.com/controller/action.
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# When called from a view, url_for returns an HTML escaped url. If you
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# need an unescaped url, pass <tt>:escape => false</tt> in the +options+.
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# * <tt>:anchor</tt> - Specifies the anchor name to be appended to the path.
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# * <tt>:only_path</tt> - If true, returns the relative URL (omitting the protocol, host name, and port) (<tt>true</tt> by default unless <tt>:host</tt> is specified).
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# * <tt>:trailing_slash</tt> - If true, adds a trailing slash, as in "/archive/2005/". Note that this
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# is currently not recommended since it breaks caching.
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# * <tt>:host</tt> - Overrides the default (current) host if provided.
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# * <tt>:protocol</tt> - Overrides the default (current) protocol if provided.
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# * <tt>:user</tt> - Inline HTTP authentication (only plucked out if <tt>:password</tt> is also present).
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# * <tt>:password</tt> - Inline HTTP authentication (only plucked out if <tt>:user</tt> is also present).
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# * <tt>:escape</tt> - Determines whether the returned URL will be HTML escaped or not (<tt>true</tt> by default).
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# ==== Relying on named routes
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# If you instead of a hash pass a record (like an Active Record or Active Resource) as the options parameter,
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# you'll trigger the named route for that record. The lookup will happen on the name of the class. So passing
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# a Workshop object will attempt to use the workshop_path route. If you have a nested route, such as
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# admin_workshop_path you'll have to call that explicitly (it's impossible for url_for to guess that route).
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# <%= url_for(:action => 'index') %>
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# <%= url_for(:action => 'find', :controller => 'books') %>
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# <%= url_for(:action => 'login', :controller => 'members', :only_path => false, :protocol => 'https') %>
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# # => https://www.railsapplication.com/members/login/
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# <%= url_for(:action => 'play', :anchor => 'player') %>
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# # => /messages/play/#player
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# <%= url_for(:action => 'checkout', :anchor => 'tax&ship') %>
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# # => /testing/jump/#tax&ship
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# <%= url_for(:action => 'checkout', :anchor => 'tax&ship', :escape => false) %>
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# # => /testing/jump/#tax&ship
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# <%= url_for(Workshop.new) %>
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# # relies on Workshop answering a new_record? call (and in this case returning true)
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# <%= url_for(@workshop) %>
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# # calls @workshop.to_s
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# <%= url_for("http://www.example.com") %>
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# # => http://www.example.com
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# <%= url_for(:back) %>
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# # if request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] is set to "http://www.example.com"
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# # => http://www.example.com
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# <%= url_for(:back) %>
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# # if request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] is not set or is blank
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# # => javascript:history.back()
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def url_for(options = {})
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options = { :only_path => options[:host].nil? }.update(options.symbolize_keys)
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escape = options.key?(:escape) ? options.delete(:escape) : true
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@controller.send(:url_for, options)
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@controller.request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] || 'javascript:history.back()'
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polymorphic_path(options)
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escape ? escape_once(url) : url
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# Creates a link tag of the given +name+ using a URL created by the set
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# of +options+. See the valid options in the documentation for
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# url_for. It's also possible to pass a string instead
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# of an options hash to get a link tag that uses the value of the string as the
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# href for the link, or use <tt>:back</tt> to link to the referrer - a JavaScript back
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# link will be used in place of a referrer if none exists. If nil is passed as
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# a name, the link itself will become the name.
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# link_to(name, options = {}, html_options = nil)
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# link_to(options = {}, html_options = nil) do
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# * <tt>:confirm => 'question?'</tt> - This will add a JavaScript confirm
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# prompt with the question specified. If the user accepts, the link is
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# processed normally, otherwise no action is taken.
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# * <tt>:popup => true || array of window options</tt> - This will force the
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# link to open in a popup window. By passing true, a default browser window
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# will be opened with the URL. You can also specify an array of options
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# that are passed-thru to JavaScripts window.open method.
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# * <tt>:method => symbol of HTTP verb</tt> - This modifier will dynamically
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# create an HTML form and immediately submit the form for processing using
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# the HTTP verb specified. Useful for having links perform a POST operation
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# in dangerous actions like deleting a record (which search bots can follow
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# while spidering your site). Supported verbs are <tt>:post</tt>, <tt>:delete</tt> and <tt>:put</tt>.
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# Note that if the user has JavaScript disabled, the request will fall back
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# to using GET. If you are relying on the POST behavior, you should check
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# for it in your controller's action by using the request object's methods
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# for <tt>post?</tt>, <tt>delete?</tt> or <tt>put?</tt>.
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# * The +html_options+ will accept a hash of html attributes for the link tag.
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# Note that if the user has JavaScript disabled, the request will fall back
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# to using GET. If <tt>:href => '#'</tt> is used and the user has JavaScript disabled
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# clicking the link will have no effect. If you are relying on the POST
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# behavior, your should check for it in your controller's action by using the
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# request object's methods for <tt>post?</tt>, <tt>delete?</tt> or <tt>put?</tt>.
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# You can mix and match the +html_options+ with the exception of
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# <tt>:popup</tt> and <tt>:method</tt> which will raise an ActionView::ActionViewError
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# Because it relies on +url_for+, +link_to+ supports both older-style controller/action/id arguments
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# and newer RESTful routes. Current Rails style favors RESTful routes whenever possible, so base
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# your application on resources and use
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# link_to "Profile", profile_path(@profile)
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# # => <a href="/profiles/1">Profile</a>
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# or the even pithier
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# link_to "Profile", @profile
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# # => <a href="/profiles/1">Profile</a>
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# in place of the older more verbose, non-resource-oriented
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# link_to "Profile", :controller => "profiles", :action => "show", :id => @profile
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# # => <a href="/profiles/show/1">Profile</a>
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# link_to "Profiles", profiles_path
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# # => <a href="/profiles">Profiles</a>
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# link_to "Profiles", :controller => "profiles"
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# # => <a href="/profiles">Profiles</a>
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# You can use a block as well if your link target is hard to fit into the name parameter. ERb example:
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# <% link_to(@profile) do %>
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# <strong><%= @profile.name %></strong> -- <span>Check it out!!</span>
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# # => <a href="/profiles/1"><strong>David</strong> -- <span>Check it out!!</span></a>
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# Classes and ids for CSS are easy to produce:
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# link_to "Articles", articles_path, :id => "news", :class => "article"
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# # => <a href="/articles" class="article" id="news">Articles</a>
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# Be careful when using the older argument style, as an extra literal hash is needed:
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# link_to "Articles", { :controller => "articles" }, :id => "news", :class => "article"
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# # => <a href="/articles" class="article" id="news">Articles</a>
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# Leaving the hash off gives the wrong link:
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# link_to "WRONG!", :controller => "articles", :id => "news", :class => "article"
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# # => <a href="/articles/index/news?class=article">WRONG!</a>
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# +link_to+ can also produce links with anchors or query strings:
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# link_to "Comment wall", profile_path(@profile, :anchor => "wall")
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# # => <a href="/profiles/1#wall">Comment wall</a>
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# link_to "Ruby on Rails search", :controller => "searches", :query => "ruby on rails"
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# # => <a href="/searches?query=ruby+on+rails">Ruby on Rails search</a>
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# link_to "Nonsense search", searches_path(:foo => "bar", :baz => "quux")
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# # => <a href="/searches?foo=bar&baz=quux">Nonsense search</a>
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# The three options specific to +link_to+ (<tt>:confirm</tt>, <tt>:popup</tt>, and <tt>:method</tt>) are used as follows:
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# link_to "Visit Other Site", "http://www.rubyonrails.org/", :confirm => "Are you sure?"
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# # => <a href="http://www.rubyonrails.org/" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure?');">Visit Other Site</a>
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# link_to "Help", { :action => "help" }, :popup => true
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# # => <a href="/testing/help/" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;">Help</a>
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# link_to "View Image", @image, :popup => ['new_window_name', 'height=300,width=600']
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# # => <a href="/images/9" onclick="window.open(this.href,'new_window_name','height=300,width=600');return false;">View Image</a>
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# link_to "Delete Image", @image, :confirm => "Are you sure?", :method => :delete
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# # => <a href="/images/9" onclick="if (confirm('Are you sure?')) { var f = document.createElement('form');
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# f.style.display = 'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action = this.href;
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# var m = document.createElement('input'); m.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); m.setAttribute('name', '_method');
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# m.setAttribute('value', 'delete'); f.appendChild(m);f.submit(); };return false;">Delete Image</a>
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def link_to(*args, &block)
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options = args.first || {}
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html_options = args.second
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concat(link_to(capture(&block), options, html_options).html_safe!)
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options = args.second || {}
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html_options = args.third
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url = url_for(options)
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html_options = html_options.stringify_keys
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href = html_options['href']
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convert_options_to_javascript!(html_options, url)
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tag_options = tag_options(html_options)
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href_attr = "href=\"#{url}\"" unless href
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"<a #{href_attr}#{tag_options}>#{name || url}</a>".html_safe!
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# Generates a form containing a single button that submits to the URL created
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# by the set of +options+. This is the safest method to ensure links that
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# cause changes to your data are not triggered by search bots or accelerators.
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# If the HTML button does not work with your layout, you can also consider
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# using the link_to method with the <tt>:method</tt> modifier as described in
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# the link_to documentation.
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# The generated FORM element has a class name of <tt>button-to</tt>
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# to allow styling of the form itself and its children. You can control
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# the form submission and input element behavior using +html_options+.
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# This method accepts the <tt>:method</tt> and <tt>:confirm</tt> modifiers
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# described in the link_to documentation. If no <tt>:method</tt> modifier
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# is given, it will default to performing a POST operation. You can also
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# disable the button by passing <tt>:disabled => true</tt> in +html_options+.
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# If you are using RESTful routes, you can pass the <tt>:method</tt>
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# to change the HTTP verb used to submit the form.
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# The +options+ hash accepts the same options at url_for.
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# There are a few special +html_options+:
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# * <tt>:method</tt> - Specifies the anchor name to be appended to the path.
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# * <tt>:disabled</tt> - Specifies the anchor name to be appended to the path.
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# * <tt>:confirm</tt> - This will add a JavaScript confirm
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# prompt with the question specified. If the user accepts, the link is
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# processed normally, otherwise no action is taken.
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# <%= button_to "New", :action => "new" %>
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# # => "<form method="post" action="/controller/new" class="button-to">
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# # <div><input value="New" type="submit" /></div>
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# button_to "Delete Image", { :action => "delete", :id => @image.id },
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# :confirm => "Are you sure?", :method => :delete
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# # => "<form method="post" action="/images/delete/1" class="button-to">
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# # <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete" />
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# # <input onclick="return confirm('Are you sure?');"
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# # value="Delete" type="submit" />
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def button_to(name, options = {}, html_options = {})
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html_options = html_options.stringify_keys
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convert_boolean_attributes!(html_options, %w( disabled ))
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if (method = html_options.delete('method')) && %w{put delete}.include?(method.to_s)
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method_tag = tag('input', :type => 'hidden', :name => '_method', :value => method.to_s)
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form_method = method.to_s == 'get' ? 'get' : 'post'
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request_token_tag = ''
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if form_method == 'post' && protect_against_forgery?
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request_token_tag = tag(:input, :type => "hidden", :name => request_forgery_protection_token.to_s, :value => form_authenticity_token)
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if confirm = html_options.delete("confirm")
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html_options["onclick"] = "return #{confirm_javascript_function(confirm)};"
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url = options.is_a?(String) ? options : self.url_for(options)
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html_options.merge!("type" => "submit", "value" => name)
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"<form method=\"#{form_method}\" action=\"#{escape_once url}\" class=\"button-to\"><div>" +
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method_tag + tag("input", html_options) + request_token_tag + "</div></form>".html_safe!
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# Creates a link tag of the given +name+ using a URL created by the set of
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# +options+ unless the current request URI is the same as the links, in
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# which case only the name is returned (or the given block is yielded, if
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# one exists). You can give link_to_unless_current a block which will
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# specialize the default behavior (e.g., show a "Start Here" link rather
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# than the link's text).
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# Let's say you have a navigation menu...
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# <li><%= link_to_unless_current("Home", { :action => "index" }) %></li>
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# <li><%= link_to_unless_current("About Us", { :action => "about" }) %></li>
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# If in the "about" action, it will render...
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# <li><a href="/controller/index">Home</a></li>
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# ...but if in the "index" action, it will render:
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# <li><a href="/controller/about">About Us</a></li>
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# The implicit block given to link_to_unless_current is evaluated if the current
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# action is the action given. So, if we had a comments page and wanted to render a
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# "Go Back" link instead of a link to the comments page, we could do something like this...
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# link_to_unless_current("Comment", { :controller => 'comments', :action => 'new}) do
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# link_to("Go back", { :controller => 'posts', :action => 'index' })
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def link_to_unless_current(name, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block)
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link_to_unless current_page?(options), name, options, html_options, &block
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# Creates a link tag of the given +name+ using a URL created by the set of
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# +options+ unless +condition+ is true, in which case only the name is
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# returned. To specialize the default behavior (i.e., show a login link rather
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# than just the plaintext link text), you can pass a block that
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# accepts the name or the full argument list for link_to_unless.
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# <%= link_to_unless(@current_user.nil?, "Reply", { :action => "reply" }) %>
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# # If the user is logged in...
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# # => <a href="/controller/reply/">Reply</a>
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# link_to_unless(@current_user.nil?, "Reply", { :action => "reply" }) do |name|
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# link_to(name, { :controller => "accounts", :action => "signup" })
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# # If the user is logged in...
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# # => <a href="/controller/reply/">Reply</a>
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# # => <a href="/accounts/signup">Reply</a>
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def link_to_unless(condition, name, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block)
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block.arity <= 1 ? yield(name) : yield(name, options, html_options)
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link_to(name, options, html_options)
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# Creates a link tag of the given +name+ using a URL created by the set of
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# +options+ if +condition+ is true, in which case only the name is
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# returned. To specialize the default behavior, you can pass a block that
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# accepts the name or the full argument list for link_to_unless (see the examples
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# in link_to_unless).
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# <%= link_to_if(@current_user.nil?, "Login", { :controller => "sessions", :action => "new" }) %>
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# # If the user isn't logged in...
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# # => <a href="/sessions/new/">Login</a>
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# link_to_if(@current_user.nil?, "Login", { :controller => "sessions", :action => "new" }) do
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# link_to(@current_user.login, { :controller => "accounts", :action => "show", :id => @current_user })
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# # If the user isn't logged in...
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# # => <a href="/sessions/new/">Login</a>
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# # If they are logged in...
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# # => <a href="/accounts/show/3">my_username</a>
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def link_to_if(condition, name, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block)
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link_to_unless !condition, name, options, html_options, &block
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# Creates a mailto link tag to the specified +email_address+, which is
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# also used as the name of the link unless +name+ is specified. Additional
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# HTML attributes for the link can be passed in +html_options+.
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# mail_to has several methods for hindering email harvesters and customizing
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# the email itself by passing special keys to +html_options+.
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# * <tt>:encode</tt> - This key will accept the strings "javascript" or "hex".
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# Passing "javascript" will dynamically create and encode the mailto: link then
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# eval it into the DOM of the page. This method will not show the link on
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# the page if the user has JavaScript disabled. Passing "hex" will hex
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# encode the +email_address+ before outputting the mailto: link.
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# * <tt>:replace_at</tt> - When the link +name+ isn't provided, the
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# +email_address+ is used for the link label. You can use this option to
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# obfuscate the +email_address+ by substituting the @ sign with the string
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# given as the value.
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# * <tt>:replace_dot</tt> - When the link +name+ isn't provided, the
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# +email_address+ is used for the link label. You can use this option to
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# obfuscate the +email_address+ by substituting the . in the email with the
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# string given as the value.
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# * <tt>:subject</tt> - Preset the subject line of the email.
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# * <tt>:body</tt> - Preset the body of the email.
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# * <tt>:cc</tt> - Carbon Copy addition recipients on the email.
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# * <tt>:bcc</tt> - Blind Carbon Copy additional recipients on the email.
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# mail_to "me@domain.com"
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# # => <a href="mailto:me@domain.com">me@domain.com</a>
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# mail_to "me@domain.com", "My email", :encode => "javascript"
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# # => <script type="text/javascript">eval(decodeURIComponent('%64%6f%63...%27%29%3b'))</script>
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# mail_to "me@domain.com", "My email", :encode => "hex"
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# # => <a href="mailto:%6d%65@%64%6f%6d%61%69%6e.%63%6f%6d">My email</a>
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# mail_to "me@domain.com", nil, :replace_at => "_at_", :replace_dot => "_dot_", :class => "email"
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# # => <a href="mailto:me@domain.com" class="email">me_at_domain_dot_com</a>
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# mail_to "me@domain.com", "My email", :cc => "ccaddress@domain.com",
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# :subject => "This is an example email"
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# # => <a href="mailto:me@domain.com?cc=ccaddress@domain.com&subject=This%20is%20an%20example%20email">My email</a>
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def mail_to(email_address, name = nil, html_options = {})
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html_options = html_options.stringify_keys
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encode = html_options.delete("encode").to_s
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cc, bcc, subject, body = html_options.delete("cc"), html_options.delete("bcc"), html_options.delete("subject"), html_options.delete("body")
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extras << "cc=#{CGI.escape(cc).gsub("+", "%20")}&" unless cc.nil?
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extras << "bcc=#{CGI.escape(bcc).gsub("+", "%20")}&" unless bcc.nil?
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extras << "body=#{CGI.escape(body).gsub("+", "%20")}&" unless body.nil?
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extras << "subject=#{CGI.escape(subject).gsub("+", "%20")}&" unless subject.nil?
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extras = "?" << extras.gsub!(/&?$/,"") unless extras.empty?
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email_address = email_address.to_s
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email_address_obfuscated = email_address.dup
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email_address_obfuscated.gsub!(/@/, html_options.delete("replace_at")) if html_options.has_key?("replace_at")
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email_address_obfuscated.gsub!(/\./, html_options.delete("replace_dot")) if html_options.has_key?("replace_dot")
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if encode == "javascript"
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"document.write('#{content_tag("a", name || email_address_obfuscated, html_options.merge({ "href" => "mailto:"+email_address+extras }))}');".each_byte do |c|
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string << sprintf("%%%x", c)
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"<script type=\"#{Mime::JS}\">eval(decodeURIComponent('#{string}'))</script>"
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elsif encode == "hex"
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email_address_encoded = ''
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email_address_obfuscated.each_byte do |c|
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email_address_encoded << sprintf("&#%d;", c)
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protocol.each_byte { |c| string << sprintf("&#%d;", c) }
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email_address.each_byte do |c|
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string << (char =~ /\w/ ? sprintf("%%%x", c) : char)
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content_tag "a", name || email_address_encoded, html_options.merge({ "href" => "#{string}#{extras}" })
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content_tag "a", name || email_address_obfuscated, html_options.merge({ "href" => "mailto:#{email_address}#{extras}" })
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# True if the current request URI was generated by the given +options+.
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# Let's say we're in the <tt>/shop/checkout?order=desc</tt> action.
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# current_page?(:action => 'process')
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# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout')
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# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'asc')
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# current_page?(:action => 'checkout')
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# current_page?(:controller => 'library', :action => 'checkout')
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# Let's say we're in the <tt>/shop/checkout?order=desc&page=1</tt> action.
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# current_page?(:action => 'process')
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# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout')
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# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'desc', :page=>'1')
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# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'desc', :page=>'2')
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# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'desc')
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# current_page?(:action => 'checkout')
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# current_page?(:controller => 'library', :action => 'checkout')
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def current_page?(options)
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url_string = CGI.unescapeHTML(url_for(options))
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request = @controller.request
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# We ignore any extra parameters in the request_uri if the
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# submitted url doesn't have any either. This lets the function
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# work with things like ?order=asc
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if url_string.index("?")
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request_uri = request.request_uri
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request_uri = request.request_uri.split('?').first
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if url_string =~ /^\w+:\/\//
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url_string == "#{request.protocol}#{request.host_with_port}#{request_uri}"
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url_string == request_uri
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def convert_options_to_javascript!(html_options, url = '')
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confirm, popup = html_options.delete("confirm"), html_options.delete("popup")
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method, href = html_options.delete("method"), html_options['href']
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html_options["onclick"] = case
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raise ActionView::ActionViewError, "You can't use :popup and :method in the same link"
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when confirm && popup
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"if (#{confirm_javascript_function(confirm)}) { #{popup_javascript_function(popup)} };return false;"
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when confirm && method
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"if (#{confirm_javascript_function(confirm)}) { #{method_javascript_function(method, url, href)} };return false;"
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"return #{confirm_javascript_function(confirm)};"
575
"#{method_javascript_function(method, url, href)}return false;"
577
"#{popup_javascript_function(popup)}return false;"
579
html_options["onclick"]
583
def confirm_javascript_function(confirm)
584
"confirm('#{escape_javascript(confirm)}')"
587
def popup_javascript_function(popup)
588
popup.is_a?(Array) ? "window.open(this.href,'#{popup.first}','#{popup.last}');" : "window.open(this.href);"
591
def method_javascript_function(method, url = '', href = nil)
592
action = (href && url.size > 0) ? "'#{url}'" : 'this.href'
594
"var f = document.createElement('form'); f.style.display = 'none'; " +
595
"this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action = #{action};"
597
unless method == :post
598
submit_function << "var m = document.createElement('input'); m.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); "
599
submit_function << "m.setAttribute('name', '_method'); m.setAttribute('value', '#{method}'); f.appendChild(m);"
602
if protect_against_forgery?
603
submit_function << "var s = document.createElement('input'); s.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); "
604
submit_function << "s.setAttribute('name', '#{request_forgery_protection_token}'); s.setAttribute('value', '#{escape_javascript form_authenticity_token}'); f.appendChild(s);"
606
submit_function << "f.submit();"
609
# Processes the _html_options_ hash, converting the boolean
610
# attributes from true/false form into the form required by
611
# HTML/XHTML. (An attribute is considered to be boolean if
612
# its name is listed in the given _bool_attrs_ array.)
614
# More specifically, for each boolean attribute in _html_options_
617
# "attr" => bool_value
619
# if the associated _bool_value_ evaluates to true, it is
620
# replaced with the attribute's name; otherwise the attribute is
621
# removed from the _html_options_ hash. (See the XHTML 1.0 spec,
622
# section 4.5 "Attribute Minimization" for more:
623
# http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#h-4.5)
625
# Returns the updated _html_options_ hash, which is also modified
630
# convert_boolean_attributes!( html_options,
631
# %w( checked disabled readonly ) )
632
def convert_boolean_attributes!(html_options, bool_attrs)
633
bool_attrs.each { |x| html_options[x] = x if html_options.delete(x) }