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module ActionController
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# In <b>routes.rb</b> one defines URL-to-controller mappings, but the reverse
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# is also possible: an URL can be generated from one of your routing definitions.
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# URL generation functionality is centralized in this module.
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# See ActionController::Routing and ActionController::Resources for general
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# information about routing and routes.rb.
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# <b>Tip:</b> If you need to generate URLs from your models or some other place,
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# then ActionController::UrlWriter is what you're looking for. Read on for
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# == URL generation from parameters
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# As you may know, some functions - such as ActionController::Base#url_for
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# and ActionView::Helpers::UrlHelper#link_to, can generate URLs given a set
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# of parameters. For example, you've probably had the chance to write code
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# like this in one of your views:
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# <%= link_to('Click here', :controller => 'users',
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# :action => 'new', :message => 'Welcome!') %>
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# #=> Generates a link to: /users/new?message=Welcome%21
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# link_to, and all other functions that require URL generation functionality,
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# actually use ActionController::UrlWriter under the hood. And in particular,
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# they use the ActionController::UrlWriter#url_for method. One can generate
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# the same path as the above example by using the following code:
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# url_for(:controller => 'users',
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# :message => 'Welcome!',
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# # => "/users/new?message=Welcome%21"
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# Notice the <tt>:only_path => true</tt> part. This is because UrlWriter has no
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# information about the website hostname that your Rails app is serving. So if you
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# want to include the hostname as well, then you must also pass the <tt>:host</tt>
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# url_for(:controller => 'users',
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# :message => 'Welcome!',
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# :host => 'www.example.com') # Changed this.
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# # => "http://www.example.com/users/new?message=Welcome%21"
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# By default, all controllers and views have access to a special version of url_for,
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# that already knows what the current hostname is. So if you use url_for in your
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# controllers or your views, then you don't need to explicitly pass the <tt>:host</tt>
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# For convenience reasons, mailers provide a shortcut for ActionController::UrlWriter#url_for.
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# So within mailers, you only have to type 'url_for' instead of 'ActionController::UrlWriter#url_for'
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# in full. However, mailers don't have hostname information, and what's why you'll still
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# have to specify the <tt>:host</tt> argument when generating URLs in mailers.
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# == URL generation for named routes
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# UrlWriter also allows one to access methods that have been auto-generated from
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# named routes. For example, suppose that you have a 'users' resource in your
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# map.resources :users
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# This generates, among other things, the method <tt>users_path</tt>. By default,
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# this method is accessible from your controllers, views and mailers. If you need
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# to access this auto-generated method from other places (such as a model), then
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# you can do that in two ways.
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# The first way is to include ActionController::UrlWriter in your class:
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# class User < ActiveRecord::Base
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# include ActionController::UrlWriter # !!!
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# write_attribute('name', value)
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# write_attribute('base_uri', users_path) # !!!
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# The second way is to access them through ActionController::UrlWriter.
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# The autogenerated named routes methods are available as class methods:
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# class User < ActiveRecord::Base
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# write_attribute('name', value)
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# path = ActionController::UrlWriter.users_path # !!!
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# write_attribute('base_uri', path) # !!!
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def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
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ActionController::Routing::Routes.install_helpers(base)
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base.mattr_accessor :default_url_options
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# The default options for urls written by this writer. Typically a <tt>:host</tt> pair is provided.
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base.default_url_options ||= {}
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# Generate a url based on the options provided, default_url_options and the
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# routes defined in routes.rb. The following options are supported:
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# * <tt>:only_path</tt> - If true, the relative url is returned. Defaults to +false+.
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# * <tt>:protocol</tt> - The protocol to connect to. Defaults to 'http'.
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# * <tt>:host</tt> - Specifies the host the link should be targetted at.
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# If <tt>:only_path</tt> is false, this option must be
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# provided either explicitly, or via +default_url_options+.
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# * <tt>:port</tt> - Optionally specify the port to connect to.
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# * <tt>:anchor</tt> - An anchor name to be appended to the path.
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# * <tt>:skip_relative_url_root</tt> - If true, the url is not constructed using the
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# +relative_url_root+ set in ActionController::Base.relative_url_root.
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# * <tt>:trailing_slash</tt> - If true, adds a trailing slash, as in "/archive/2009/"
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# Any other key (<tt>:controller</tt>, <tt>:action</tt>, etc.) given to
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# +url_for+ is forwarded to the Routes module.
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# url_for :controller => 'tasks', :action => 'testing', :host=>'somehost.org', :port=>'8080' # => 'http://somehost.org:8080/tasks/testing'
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# url_for :controller => 'tasks', :action => 'testing', :host=>'somehost.org', :anchor => 'ok', :only_path => true # => '/tasks/testing#ok'
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# url_for :controller => 'tasks', :action => 'testing', :trailing_slash=>true # => 'http://somehost.org/tasks/testing/'
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# url_for :controller => 'tasks', :action => 'testing', :host=>'somehost.org', :number => '33' # => 'http://somehost.org/tasks/testing?number=33'
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options = self.class.default_url_options.merge(options)
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unless options.delete(:only_path)
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url << (options.delete(:protocol) || 'http')
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url << '://' unless url.match("://")
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raise "Missing host to link to! Please provide :host parameter or set default_url_options[:host]" unless options[:host]
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url << options.delete(:host)
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url << ":#{options.delete(:port)}" if options.key?(:port)
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# Delete the unused options to prevent their appearance in the query string.
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[:protocol, :host, :port, :skip_relative_url_root].each { |k| options.delete(k) }
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trailing_slash = options.delete(:trailing_slash) if options.key?(:trailing_slash)
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url << ActionController::Base.relative_url_root.to_s unless options[:skip_relative_url_root]
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anchor = "##{CGI.escape options.delete(:anchor).to_param.to_s}" if options[:anchor]
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generated = Routing::Routes.generate(options, {})
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url << (trailing_slash ? generated.sub(/\?|\z/) { "/" + $& } : generated)
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url << anchor if anchor
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# Rewrites URLs for Base.redirect_to and Base.url_for in the controller.
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class UrlRewriter #:nodoc:
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RESERVED_OPTIONS = [:anchor, :params, :only_path, :host, :protocol, :port, :trailing_slash, :skip_relative_url_root]
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def initialize(request, parameters)
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@request, @parameters = request, parameters
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def rewrite(options = {})
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"#{@request.protocol}, #{@request.host_with_port}, #{@request.path}, #{@parameters[:controller]}, #{@parameters[:action]}, #{@request.parameters.inspect}"
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alias_method :to_s, :to_str
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# Given a path and options, returns a rewritten URL string
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def rewrite_url(options)
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unless options[:only_path]
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rewritten_url << (options[:protocol] || @request.protocol)
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rewritten_url << "://" unless rewritten_url.match("://")
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rewritten_url << rewrite_authentication(options)
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rewritten_url << (options[:host] || @request.host_with_port)
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rewritten_url << ":#{options.delete(:port)}" if options.key?(:port)
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path = rewrite_path(options)
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rewritten_url << ActionController::Base.relative_url_root.to_s unless options[:skip_relative_url_root]
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rewritten_url << (options[:trailing_slash] ? path.sub(/\?|\z/) { "/" + $& } : path)
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rewritten_url << "##{CGI.escape(options[:anchor].to_param.to_s)}" if options[:anchor]
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# Given a Hash of options, generates a route
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def rewrite_path(options)
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options = options.symbolize_keys
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options.update(options[:params].symbolize_keys) if options[:params]
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if (overwrite = options.delete(:overwrite_params))
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options.update(@parameters.symbolize_keys)
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options.update(overwrite.symbolize_keys)
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RESERVED_OPTIONS.each { |k| options.delete(k) }
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# Generates the query string, too
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Routing::Routes.generate(options, @request.symbolized_path_parameters)
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def rewrite_authentication(options)
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if options[:user] && options[:password]
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"#{CGI.escape(options.delete(:user))}:#{CGI.escape(options.delete(:password))}@"