1
.\" Copyright (C) 1991, 1999, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2
.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
3
.\" $Id: gdb.1,v 1.4 1999/01/05 00:50:50 jsm Exp $
4
.TH gdb 1 "22may2002" "GNU Tools" "GNU Tools"
6
gdb \- The GNU Debugger
11
.RB "[\|" \-help "\|]"
14
.RB "[\|" \-batch "\|]"
44
.IR core \||\| procID\c
48
The purpose of a debugger such as GDB is to allow you to see what is
49
going on ``inside'' another program while it executes\(em\&or what another
50
program was doing at the moment it crashed.
52
GDB can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
53
these) to help you catch bugs in the act:
57
Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.
61
Make your program stop on specified conditions.
65
Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.
69
Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
70
effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
73
You can use GDB to debug programs written in C, C++, and Modula-2.
74
Fortran support will be added when a GNU Fortran compiler is ready.
76
GDB is invoked with the shell command \c
78
\&. Once started, it reads
79
commands from the terminal until you tell it to exit with the GDB
82
\&. You can get online help from \c
85
by using the command \c
91
\& with no arguments or options; but the most
92
usual way to start GDB is with one argument or two, specifying an
93
executable program as the argument:
100
You can also start with both an executable program and a core file specified:
107
You can, instead, specify a process ID as a second argument, if you want
108
to debug a running process:
115
would attach GDB to process \c
117
\& (unless you also have a file
120
\&\|'; GDB does check for a core file first).
122
Here are some of the most frequently needed GDB commands:
124
.B break \fR[\|\fIfile\fB:\fR\|]\fIfunction
126
Set a breakpoint at \c
132
.B run \fR[\|\fIarglist\fR\|]
133
Start your program (with \c
138
Backtrace: display the program stack.
142
Display the value of an expression.
145
Continue running your program (after stopping, e.g. at a breakpoint).
148
Execute next program line (after stopping); step \c
151
function calls in the line.
153
.B edit \fR[\|\fIfile\fB:\fR\|]\fIfunction
154
look at the program line where it is presently stopped.
156
.B list \fR[\|\fIfile\fB:\fR\|]\fIfunction
157
type the text of the program in the vicinity of where it is presently stopped.
160
Execute next program line (after stopping); step \c
163
function calls in the line.
165
.B help \fR[\|\fIname\fR\|]
166
Show information about GDB command \c
168
\&, or general information
174
For full details on GDB, see \c
176
Using GDB: A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger\c
177
\&, by Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch. The same text is available online
184
Any arguments other than options specify an executable
185
file and core file (or process ID); that is, the first argument
187
associated option flag is equivalent to a `\|\c
189
\&\|' option, and the
190
second, if any, is equivalent to a `\|\c
192
\&\|' option if it's the name of a file. Many options have
193
both long and short forms; both are shown here. The long forms are also
194
recognized if you truncate them, so long as enough of the option is
195
present to be unambiguous. (If you prefer, you can flag option
198
\&\|' rather than `\|\c
200
\&\|', though we illustrate the
201
more usual convention.)
203
All the options and command line arguments you give are processed
204
in sequential order. The order makes a difference when the
207
\&\|' option is used.
213
List all options, with brief explanations.
216
.BI "\-symbols=" "file"\c
220
Read symbol table from file \c
226
Enable writing into executable and core files.
229
.BI "\-exec=" "file"\c
235
\& as the executable file to execute when
236
appropriate, and for examining pure data in conjunction with a core
242
Read symbol table from file \c
244
\& and use it as the executable
248
.BI "\-core=" "file"\c
254
\& as a core dump to examine.
257
.BI "\-command=" "file"\c
261
Execute GDB commands from file \c
266
.BI "\-directory=" "directory"\c
268
.BI "\-d " "directory"\c
272
\& to the path to search for source files.
279
Do not execute commands from any `\|\c
281
\&\|' initialization files.
282
Normally, the commands in these files are executed after all the
283
command options and arguments have been processed.
290
``Quiet''. Do not print the introductory and copyright messages. These
291
messages are also suppressed in batch mode.
295
Run in batch mode. Exit with status \c
297
\& after processing all the command
298
files specified with `\|\c
302
\&\|', if not inhibited).
303
Exit with nonzero status if an error occurs in executing the GDB
304
commands in the command files.
306
Batch mode may be useful for running GDB as a filter, for example to
307
download and run a program on another computer; in order to make this
308
more useful, the message
311
Program\ exited\ normally.
315
(which is ordinarily issued whenever a program running under GDB control
316
terminates) is not issued when running in batch mode.
319
.BI "\-cd=" "directory"\c
323
\& as its working directory,
324
instead of the current directory.
330
Emacs sets this option when it runs GDB as a subprocess. It tells GDB
331
to output the full file name and line number in a standard,
332
recognizable fashion each time a stack frame is displayed (which
333
includes each time the program stops). This recognizable format looks
336
\&\|' characters, followed by the file name, line number
337
and character position separated by colons, and a newline. The
338
Emacs-to-GDB interface program uses the two `\|\c
341
a signal to display the source code for the frame.
346
Set the line speed (baud rate or bits per second) of any serial
347
interface used by GDB for remote debugging.
350
.BI "\-tty=" "device"\c
354
\& for your program's standard input and output.
363
Using GDB: A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger\c
364
, Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch, July 1991.
366
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
368
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
369
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
370
are preserved on all copies.
372
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
373
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
374
entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
375
permission notice identical to this one.
377
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
378
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
379
versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
380
translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
381
the original English.