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<title>Starting Apache - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
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<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.2</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Starting Apache</h1>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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<a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Espa�ol"> es </a> |
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<a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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<a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
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<a href="./ru/invoking.html" hreflang="ru" rel="alternate" title="Russian"> ru </a></p>
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<p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service on Windows
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NT, 2000 and XP, or as a console application on Windows 9x and
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ME. For details, see <a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a Service</a>
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and <a href="platform/windows.html#wincons">Running Apache as a
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Console Application</a>.</p>
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<p>On Unix, the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> program
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is run as a daemon that executes continuously in the
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background to handle requests. This document describes how
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to invoke <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">How Apache Starts</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li>
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</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li></ul></div>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<h2><a name="startup" id="startup">How Apache Starts</a></h2>
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<p>If the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
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specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other
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port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in
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order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged
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port. Once the server has started and performed a few preliminary
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activities such as opening its log files, it will launch several
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<em>child</em> processes which do the work of listening for and
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answering requests from clients. The main <code>httpd</code>
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process continues to run as the root user, but the child processes
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run as a less privileged user. This is controlled by the selected
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<a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing Module</a>.</p>
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<p>The recommended method of invoking the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
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executable is to use the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script. This
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script sets certain environment variables that are necessary for
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<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> to function correctly under some operating
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systems, and then invokes the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary.
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<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> will pass through any command line
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arguments, so any <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> options may also be used with
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<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code>. You may also directly edit the
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<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script by changing the <code>HTTPD</code>
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variable near the top to specify the correct location of the
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<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary and any command-line arguments that you
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wish to be <em>always</em> present.</p>
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<p>The first thing that <code>httpd</code> does when it is
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invoked is to locate and read the <a href="configuring.html">configuration file</a>
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<code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
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compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run
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time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f
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/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div>
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<p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from
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the terminal and the command prompt will return almost
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immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running.
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You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view
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the test page in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directory
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and the local copy of the documentation linked from that
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<h2><a name="errors" id="errors">Errors During Start-up</a></h2>
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<p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will
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write a message describing the problem either to the console or
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to the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> before
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exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable
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to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by
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<li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not
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logged in as the root user; or</li>
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<li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance
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of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same
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<p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the
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Apache <a href="faq/">FAQ</a>.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="boot" id="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h2>
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<p>If you want your server to continue running after a system
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reboot, you should add a call to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> to your
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system startup files (typically <code>rc.local</code> or a file in
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an <code>rc.N</code> directory). This will start Apache as
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root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly
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configured for security and access restrictions.</p>
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<p>The <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script is designed to act like a
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standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments
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<code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, and <code>stop</code>
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and translate them into the appropriate signals to
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<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. So you can often simply link
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<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> into the appropriate init directory. But be
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sure to check the exact requirements of your system.</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="info" id="info">Additional Information</a></h2>
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<p>Additional information about the command-line options of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> and <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> as well as other support
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programs included with the server is available on the
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<a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page.
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There is also documentation on all the <a href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution
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and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they
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<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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<a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Espa�ol"> es </a> |
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<a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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<a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
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<a href="./ru/invoking.html" hreflang="ru" rel="alternate" title="Russian"> ru </a></p>
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</div><div id="footer">
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
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