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<title>Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
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<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> > <a href="./">Virtual Hosts</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support</h1>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/ip-based.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="../fr/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> |
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<a href="../ja/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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<a href="../ko/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#requirements">System requirements</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#howto">How to set up Apache</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multiple">Setting up multiple daemons</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#single">Setting up a single daemon
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with virtual hosts</a></li>
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</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li>
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<a href="name-based.html">Name-based Virtual Hosts Support</a>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<h2><a name="requirements" id="requirements">System requirements</a></h2>
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<p>As the term <cite>IP-based</cite> indicates, the server
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<strong>must have a different IP address for each IP-based
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virtual host</strong>. This can be achieved by the machine
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having several physical network connections, or by use of
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virtual interfaces which are supported by most modern operating
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systems (see system documentation for details, these are
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frequently called "ip aliases", and the "ifconfig" command is
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most commonly used to set them up).</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<h2><a name="howto" id="howto">How to set up Apache</a></h2>
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<p>There are two ways of configuring apache to support multiple
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hosts. Either by running a separate <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> daemon for
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each hostname, or by running a single daemon which supports all the
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<p>Use multiple daemons when:</p>
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<li>There are security partitioning issues, such as company1
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does not want anyone at company2 to be able to read their
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data except via the web. In this case you would need two
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daemons, each running with different <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#user">User</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#group">Group</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code> settings.</li>
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<li>You can afford the memory and file descriptor
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requirements of listening to every IP alias on the
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machine. It's only possible to <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> to the "wildcard"
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address, or to specific addresses. So if you have a need to
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listen to a specific address for whatever reason, then you
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will need to listen to all specific addresses. (Although one
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<code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> could listen to N-1 of the addresses, and another could
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listen to the remaining address.)</li>
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<p>Use a single daemon when:</p>
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<li>Sharing of the httpd configuration between virtual hosts
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<li>The machine services a large number of requests, and so
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the performance loss in running separate daemons may be
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<h2><a name="multiple" id="multiple">Setting up multiple daemons</a></h2>
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<p>Create a separate <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> installation for each
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virtual host. For each installation, use the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive in the
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configuration file to select which IP address (or virtual host)
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that daemon services. e.g.</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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Listen www.smallco.com:80
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<p>It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a
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hostname (see <a href="../dns-caveats.html">DNS caveats</a>).</p>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="single" id="single">Setting up a single daemon
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with virtual hosts</a></h2>
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<p>For this case, a single <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> will service
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requests for the main server and all the virtual hosts. The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</a></code> directive
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in the configuration file is used to set the values of <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serveradmin">ServerAdmin</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html#transferlog">TransferLog</a></code>
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or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html#customlog">CustomLog</a></code>
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configuration directives to different values for each virtual
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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<VirtualHost www.smallco.com><br />
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ServerAdmin webmaster@mail.smallco.com<br />
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DocumentRoot /groups/smallco/www<br />
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ServerName www.smallco.com<br />
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ErrorLog /groups/smallco/logs/error_log<br />
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TransferLog /groups/smallco/logs/access_log<br />
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</VirtualHost><br />
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<VirtualHost www.baygroup.org><br />
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ServerAdmin webmaster@mail.baygroup.org<br />
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DocumentRoot /groups/baygroup/www<br />
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ServerName www.baygroup.org<br />
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ErrorLog /groups/baygroup/logs/error_log<br />
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TransferLog /groups/baygroup/logs/access_log<br />
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<p>It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a
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hostname (see <a href="../dns-caveats.html">DNS caveats</a>).</p>
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<p>Almost <strong>any</strong> configuration directive can be
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put in the VirtualHost directive, with the exception of
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directives that control process creation and a few other
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directives. To find out if a directive can be used in the
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VirtualHost directive, check the <a href="../mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> using the
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<a href="../mod/directives.html">directive index</a>.</p>
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<p><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code>
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VirtualHost directive if the <a href="../suexec.html">suEXEC
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wrapper</a> is used.</p>
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<p><em>SECURITY:</em> When specifying where to write log files,
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be aware of some security risks which are present if anyone
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other than the user that starts Apache has write access to the
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directory where they are written. See the <a href="../misc/security_tips.html">security tips</a> document
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<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/vhosts/ip-based.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="../fr/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Fran�ais"> fr </a> |
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<a href="../ja/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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<a href="../ko/vhosts/ip-based.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
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</div><div id="footer">
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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