3
-- Constraints can be specified with:
6
-- - PRIMARY KEY clauses
12
CREATE TABLE DEFAULT_TBL (i int DEFAULT 100,
13
x text DEFAULT 'vadim', f float8 DEFAULT 123.456);
14
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'thomas', 57.0613);
15
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (1, 'bruce');
16
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (i, f) VALUES (2, 987.654);
17
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL (x) VALUES ('marc');
18
INSERT INTO DEFAULT_TBL VALUES (3, null, 1.0);
19
SELECT '' AS five, * FROM DEFAULT_TBL;
21
------+-----+--------+---------
22
| 1 | thomas | 57.0613
25
| 100 | marc | 123.456
29
CREATE SEQUENCE DEFAULT_SEQ;
30
CREATE TABLE DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1 int DEFAULT 100 + (200-199) * 2,
31
i2 int DEFAULT nextval('default_seq'));
32
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL VALUES (-1, -2);
33
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i1) VALUES (-3);
34
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (-4);
35
INSERT INTO DEFAULTEXPR_TBL (i2) VALUES (NULL);
36
SELECT '' AS four, * FROM DEFAULTEXPR_TBL;
46
-- test for extraneous comma
47
CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
48
ERROR: syntax error at or near ")"
49
LINE 1: CREATE TABLE error_tbl (i int DEFAULT (100, ));
51
-- this will fail because gram.y uses b_expr not a_expr for defaults,
52
-- to avoid a shift/reduce conflict that arises from NOT NULL being
53
-- part of the column definition syntax:
54
CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
55
ERROR: syntax error at or near "IN"
56
LINE 1: CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT 1 IN (1, 2));
58
-- this should work, however:
59
CREATE TABLE error_tbl (b1 bool DEFAULT (1 IN (1, 2)));
64
CREATE TABLE CHECK_TBL (x int,
65
CONSTRAINT CHECK_CON CHECK (x > 3));
66
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (5);
67
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (4);
68
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (3);
69
ERROR: new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
70
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (2);
71
ERROR: new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
72
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (6);
73
INSERT INTO CHECK_TBL VALUES (1);
74
ERROR: new row for relation "check_tbl" violates check constraint "check_con"
75
SELECT '' AS three, * FROM CHECK_TBL;
83
CREATE SEQUENCE CHECK_SEQ;
84
CREATE TABLE CHECK2_TBL (x int, y text, z int,
85
CONSTRAINT SEQUENCE_CON
86
CHECK (x > 3 and y <> 'check failed' and z < 8));
87
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (4, 'check ok', -2);
88
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (1, 'x check failed', -2);
89
ERROR: new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
90
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (5, 'z check failed', 10);
91
ERROR: new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
92
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (0, 'check failed', -2);
93
ERROR: new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
94
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (6, 'check failed', 11);
95
ERROR: new row for relation "check2_tbl" violates check constraint "sequence_con"
96
INSERT INTO CHECK2_TBL VALUES (7, 'check ok', 7);
97
SELECT '' AS two, * from CHECK2_TBL;
99
-----+---+----------+----
105
-- Check constraints on INSERT
107
CREATE SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ;
108
CREATE TABLE INSERT_TBL (x INT DEFAULT nextval('insert_seq'),
109
y TEXT DEFAULT '-NULL-',
110
z INT DEFAULT -1 * currval('insert_seq'),
111
CONSTRAINT INSERT_CON CHECK (x >= 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 8),
113
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (2, -2);
114
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_con"
115
SELECT '' AS zero, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
120
SELECT 'one' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
126
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
127
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_con"
128
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
129
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,z) VALUES (1, -2);
130
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
131
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(z,x) VALUES (-7, 7);
132
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (5, 'check failed', -5);
133
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_con"
134
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (7, '!check failed', -7);
135
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
136
SELECT '' AS four, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
138
------+---+---------------+----
141
| 7 | !check failed | -7
145
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) VALUES ('check failed', 4);
146
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
147
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, 'check failed');
148
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_con"
149
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(x,y) VALUES (5, '!check failed');
150
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('-!NULL-');
151
SELECT '' AS six, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
153
-----+---+---------------+----
156
| 7 | !check failed | -7
158
| 5 | !check failed | -5
162
SELECT 'seven' AS one, nextval('insert_seq');
168
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) VALUES ('Y');
169
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_con"
170
SELECT 'eight' AS one, currval('insert_seq');
176
-- According to SQL92, it is OK to insert a record that gives rise to NULL
177
-- constraint-condition results. Postgres used to reject this, but it
179
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL VALUES (null, null, null);
180
SELECT '' AS nine, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
182
------+---+---------------+----
185
| 7 | !check failed | -7
187
| 5 | !check failed | -5
193
-- Check inheritance of defaults and constraints
195
CREATE TABLE INSERT_CHILD (cx INT default 42,
196
cy INT CHECK (cy > x))
197
INHERITS (INSERT_TBL);
198
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,11);
199
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (7,-7,6);
200
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_child_check"
201
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,z,cy) VALUES (6,-7,7);
202
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_tbl_check"
203
INSERT INTO INSERT_CHILD(x,y,z,cy) VALUES (6,'check failed',-6,7);
204
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_child" violates check constraint "insert_con"
205
SELECT * FROM INSERT_CHILD;
207
---+--------+----+----+----
208
7 | -NULL- | -7 | 42 | 11
211
DROP TABLE INSERT_CHILD;
213
-- Check constraints on INSERT INTO
215
DELETE FROM INSERT_TBL;
216
ALTER SEQUENCE INSERT_SEQ RESTART WITH 4;
217
CREATE TABLE tmp (xd INT, yd TEXT, zd INT);
218
INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'Y', null);
219
INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (5, '!check failed', null);
220
INSERT INTO tmp VALUES (null, 'try again', null);
221
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y) select yd from tmp;
222
SELECT '' AS three, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
224
-------+---+---------------+----
226
| 5 | !check failed | -5
230
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL SELECT * FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
231
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -7 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
232
INSERT INTO INSERT_TBL(y,z) SELECT yd, -8 FROM tmp WHERE yd = 'try again';
233
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_con"
234
SELECT '' AS four, * FROM INSERT_TBL;
236
------+---+---------------+----
238
| 5 | !check failed | -5
246
-- Check constraints on UPDATE
248
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = NULL WHERE x = 5;
249
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = 6 WHERE x = 6;
250
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = -z, z = -x;
251
UPDATE INSERT_TBL SET x = z, z = x;
252
ERROR: new row for relation "insert_tbl" violates check constraint "insert_con"
253
SELECT * FROM INSERT_TBL;
255
---+---------------+----
263
-- DROP TABLE INSERT_TBL;
265
-- Check constraints on COPY FROM
267
CREATE TABLE COPY_TBL (x INT, y TEXT, z INT,
269
CHECK (x > 3 AND y <> 'check failed' AND x < 7 ));
270
COPY COPY_TBL FROM '@abs_srcdir@/data/constro.data';
271
SELECT '' AS two, * FROM COPY_TBL;
273
-----+---+---------------+---
274
| 4 | !check failed | 5
278
COPY COPY_TBL FROM '@abs_srcdir@/data/constrf.data';
279
ERROR: new row for relation "copy_tbl" violates check constraint "copy_con"
280
CONTEXT: COPY copy_tbl, line 2: "7 check failed 6"
281
SELECT * FROM COPY_TBL;
283
---+---------------+---
284
4 | !check failed | 5
291
CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int PRIMARY KEY, t text);
292
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "primary_tbl_pkey" for table "primary_tbl"
293
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
294
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
295
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
296
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "primary_tbl_pkey"
297
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
298
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
299
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
300
ERROR: null value in column "i" violates not-null constraint
301
SELECT '' AS four, * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
310
DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
311
CREATE TABLE PRIMARY_TBL (i int, t text,
313
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "primary_tbl_pkey" for table "primary_tbl"
314
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
315
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
316
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
317
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (4, 'three');
318
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
319
INSERT INTO PRIMARY_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
320
ERROR: null value in column "i" violates not-null constraint
321
SELECT '' AS three, * FROM PRIMARY_TBL;
331
DROP TABLE PRIMARY_TBL;
335
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int UNIQUE, t text);
336
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / UNIQUE will create implicit index "unique_tbl_i_key" for table "unique_tbl"
337
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
338
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
339
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
340
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
341
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (4, 'four');
342
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
343
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
344
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('seven');
345
SELECT '' AS five, * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
356
DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;
357
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE_TBL (i int, t text,
359
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / UNIQUE will create implicit index "unique_tbl_i_key" for table "unique_tbl"
360
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
361
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (2, 'two');
362
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'three');
363
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (1, 'one');
364
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "unique_tbl_i_key"
365
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL VALUES (5, 'one');
366
INSERT INTO UNIQUE_TBL (t) VALUES ('six');
367
SELECT '' AS five, * FROM UNIQUE_TBL;
377
DROP TABLE UNIQUE_TBL;