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* G8BPQ compatible "AX.25 via ethernet" driver release 004
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* This code REQUIRES 2.0.0 or higher/ NET3.029
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* This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
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* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
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* 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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* This is a "pseudo" network driver to allow AX.25 over Ethernet
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* using G8BPQ encapsulation. It has been extracted from the protocol
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* implementation because
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* - things got unreadable within the protocol stack
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* - to cure the protocol stack from "feature-ism"
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* - a protocol implementation shouldn't need to know on
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* which hardware it is running
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* - user-level programs like the AX.25 utilities shouldn't
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* need to know about the hardware.
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* - IP over ethernet encapsulated AX.25 was impossible
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* - rxecho.c did not work
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* - to have room for extensions
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* - it just deserves to "live" as an own driver
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* This driver can use any ethernet destination address, and can be
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* limited to accept frames from one dedicated ethernet card only.
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* Note that the driver sets up the BPQ devices automagically on
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* startup or (if started before the "insmod" of an ethernet device)
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* on "ifconfig up". It hopefully will remove the BPQ on "rmmod"ing
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* the ethernet device (in fact: as soon as another ethernet or bpq
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* device gets "ifconfig"ured).
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* I have heard that several people are thinking of experiments
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* with highspeed packet radio using existing ethernet cards.
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* Well, this driver is prepared for this purpose, just add
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* your tx key control and a txdelay / tailtime algorithm,
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* probably some buffering, and /voila/...
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* BPQ 001 Joerg(DL1BKE) Extracted BPQ code from AX.25
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* protocol stack and added my own
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* yet existing patches
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* BPQ 002 Joerg(DL1BKE) Scan network device list on
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* BPQ 003 Joerg(DL1BKE) Ethernet destination address
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* and accepted source address
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* can be configured by an ioctl()
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* Fixed to match Linux networking
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* BPQ 004 Joerg(DL1BKE) Fixed to not lock up on ifconfig.
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#include <linux/errno.h>
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#include <linux/types.h>
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#include <linux/socket.h>
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#include <linux/kernel.h>
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#include <linux/string.h>
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#include <linux/net.h>
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#include <linux/slab.h>
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#include <linux/inet.h>
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#include <linux/netdevice.h>
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#include <linux/etherdevice.h>
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#include <linux/if_arp.h>
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#include <linux/skbuff.h>
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#include <asm/system.h>
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#include <asm/uaccess.h>
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#include <linux/interrupt.h>
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#include <linux/notifier.h>
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#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
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#include <linux/seq_file.h>
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#include <linux/stat.h>
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#include <linux/netfilter.h>
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#include <linux/module.h>
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#include <linux/init.h>
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#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
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#include <net/net_namespace.h>
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#include <linux/bpqether.h>
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static const char banner[] __initdata = KERN_INFO \
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"AX.25: bpqether driver version 004\n";
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static char bcast_addr[6]={0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF};
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static char bpq_eth_addr[6];
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static int bpq_rcv(struct sk_buff *, struct net_device *, struct packet_type *, struct net_device *);
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static int bpq_device_event(struct notifier_block *, unsigned long, void *);
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static struct packet_type bpq_packet_type __read_mostly = {
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.type = cpu_to_be16(ETH_P_BPQ),
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static struct notifier_block bpq_dev_notifier = {
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.notifier_call =bpq_device_event,
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struct list_head bpq_list; /* list of bpq devices chain */
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struct net_device *ethdev; /* link to ethernet device */
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struct net_device *axdev; /* bpq device (bpq#) */
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char dest_addr[6]; /* ether destination address */
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char acpt_addr[6]; /* accept ether frames from this address only */
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static LIST_HEAD(bpq_devices);
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* bpqether network devices are paired with ethernet devices below them, so
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* form a special "super class" of normal ethernet devices; split their locks
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* off into a separate class since they always nest.
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static struct lock_class_key bpq_netdev_xmit_lock_key;
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static struct lock_class_key bpq_netdev_addr_lock_key;
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static void bpq_set_lockdep_class_one(struct net_device *dev,
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struct netdev_queue *txq,
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lockdep_set_class(&txq->_xmit_lock, &bpq_netdev_xmit_lock_key);
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static void bpq_set_lockdep_class(struct net_device *dev)
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lockdep_set_class(&dev->addr_list_lock, &bpq_netdev_addr_lock_key);
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netdev_for_each_tx_queue(dev, bpq_set_lockdep_class_one, NULL);
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/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
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* Get the ethernet device for a BPQ device
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static inline struct net_device *bpq_get_ether_dev(struct net_device *dev)
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struct bpqdev *bpq = netdev_priv(dev);
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return bpq ? bpq->ethdev : NULL;
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* Get the BPQ device for the ethernet device
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static inline struct net_device *bpq_get_ax25_dev(struct net_device *dev)
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list_for_each_entry_rcu(bpq, &bpq_devices, bpq_list) {
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if (bpq->ethdev == dev)
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static inline int dev_is_ethdev(struct net_device *dev)
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return (dev->type == ARPHRD_ETHER && strncmp(dev->name, "dummy", 5));
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/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
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* Receive an AX.25 frame via an ethernet interface.
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static int bpq_rcv(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev, struct packet_type *ptype, struct net_device *orig_dev)
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if (!net_eq(dev_net(dev), &init_net))
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if ((skb = skb_share_check(skb, GFP_ATOMIC)) == NULL)
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if (!pskb_may_pull(skb, sizeof(struct ethhdr)))
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dev = bpq_get_ax25_dev(dev);
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if (dev == NULL || !netif_running(dev))
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* if we want to accept frames from just one ethernet device
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* we check the source address of the sender.
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bpq = netdev_priv(dev);
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if (!(bpq->acpt_addr[0] & 0x01) &&
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memcmp(eth->h_source, bpq->acpt_addr, ETH_ALEN))
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if (skb_cow(skb, sizeof(struct ethhdr)))
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len = skb->data[0] + skb->data[1] * 256 - 5;
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skb_pull(skb, 2); /* Remove the length bytes */
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skb_trim(skb, len); /* Set the length of the data */
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dev->stats.rx_packets++;
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dev->stats.rx_bytes += len;
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ptr = skb_push(skb, 1);
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skb->protocol = ax25_type_trans(skb, dev);
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* Send an AX.25 frame via an ethernet interface
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static netdev_tx_t bpq_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
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struct net_device *orig_dev;
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* Just to be *really* sure not to send anything if the interface
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* is down, the ethernet device may have gone.
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if (!netif_running(dev)) {
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skb_pull(skb, 1); /* Drop KISS byte */
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* We're about to mess with the skb which may still shared with the
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* generic networking code so unshare and ensure it's got enough
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* space for the BPQ headers.
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if (skb_cow(skb, AX25_BPQ_HEADER_LEN)) {
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pr_err("bpqether: out of memory\n");
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ptr = skb_push(skb, 2); /* Make space for length */
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*ptr++ = (size + 5) % 256;
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*ptr++ = (size + 5) / 256;
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bpq = netdev_priv(dev);
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if ((dev = bpq_get_ether_dev(dev)) == NULL) {
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orig_dev->stats.tx_dropped++;
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skb->protocol = ax25_type_trans(skb, dev);
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skb_reset_network_header(skb);
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dev_hard_header(skb, dev, ETH_P_BPQ, bpq->dest_addr, NULL, 0);
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dev->stats.tx_packets++;
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dev->stats.tx_bytes+=skb->len;
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netif_wake_queue(dev);
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static int bpq_set_mac_address(struct net_device *dev, void *addr)
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struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)addr;
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memcpy(dev->dev_addr, sa->sa_data, dev->addr_len);
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* SIOCSBPQETHOPT reserved for enhancements
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* SIOCSBPQETHADDR set the destination and accepted
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* source ethernet address (broadcast
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* or multicast: accept all)
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static int bpq_ioctl(struct net_device *dev, struct ifreq *ifr, int cmd)
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struct bpq_ethaddr __user *ethaddr = ifr->ifr_data;
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struct bpqdev *bpq = netdev_priv(dev);
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if (!capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN))
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if (copy_from_user(&req, ifr->ifr_data, sizeof(struct bpq_req)))
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case SIOCGBPQETHPARAM:
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case SIOCSBPQETHPARAM:
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case SIOCSBPQETHADDR:
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if (copy_from_user(bpq->dest_addr, ethaddr->destination, ETH_ALEN))
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if (copy_from_user(bpq->acpt_addr, ethaddr->accept, ETH_ALEN))
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* open/close a device
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static int bpq_open(struct net_device *dev)
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netif_start_queue(dev);
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static int bpq_close(struct net_device *dev)
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netif_stop_queue(dev);
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/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
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static void *bpq_seq_start(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *pos)
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struct bpqdev *bpqdev;
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return SEQ_START_TOKEN;
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list_for_each_entry_rcu(bpqdev, &bpq_devices, bpq_list) {
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static void *bpq_seq_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
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if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
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p = rcu_dereference(bpq_devices.next);
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p = rcu_dereference(((struct bpqdev *)v)->bpq_list.next);
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return (p == &bpq_devices) ? NULL
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: list_entry(p, struct bpqdev, bpq_list);
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static void bpq_seq_stop(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
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static int bpq_seq_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
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if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
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"dev ether destination accept from\n");
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const struct bpqdev *bpqdev = v;
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seq_printf(seq, "%-5s %-10s %pM ",
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bpqdev->axdev->name, bpqdev->ethdev->name,
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if (is_multicast_ether_addr(bpqdev->acpt_addr))
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seq_printf(seq, "*\n");
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seq_printf(seq, "%pM\n", bpqdev->acpt_addr);
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static const struct seq_operations bpq_seqops = {
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.start = bpq_seq_start,
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.next = bpq_seq_next,
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.stop = bpq_seq_stop,
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.show = bpq_seq_show,
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static int bpq_info_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
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return seq_open(file, &bpq_seqops);
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static const struct file_operations bpq_info_fops = {
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.owner = THIS_MODULE,
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.open = bpq_info_open,
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.release = seq_release,
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/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
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static const struct net_device_ops bpq_netdev_ops = {
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.ndo_open = bpq_open,
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.ndo_stop = bpq_close,
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.ndo_start_xmit = bpq_xmit,
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.ndo_set_mac_address = bpq_set_mac_address,
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.ndo_do_ioctl = bpq_ioctl,
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static void bpq_setup(struct net_device *dev)
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dev->netdev_ops = &bpq_netdev_ops;
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dev->destructor = free_netdev;
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memcpy(dev->broadcast, &ax25_bcast, AX25_ADDR_LEN);
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memcpy(dev->dev_addr, &ax25_defaddr, AX25_ADDR_LEN);
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#if defined(CONFIG_AX25) || defined(CONFIG_AX25_MODULE)
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dev->header_ops = &ax25_header_ops;
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dev->type = ARPHRD_AX25;
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dev->hard_header_len = AX25_MAX_HEADER_LEN + AX25_BPQ_HEADER_LEN;
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dev->mtu = AX25_DEF_PACLEN;
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dev->addr_len = AX25_ADDR_LEN;
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* Setup a new device.
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static int bpq_new_device(struct net_device *edev)
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struct net_device *ndev;
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ndev = alloc_netdev(sizeof(struct bpqdev), "bpq%d",
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bpq = netdev_priv(ndev);
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memcpy(bpq->dest_addr, bcast_addr, sizeof(bpq_eth_addr));
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memcpy(bpq->acpt_addr, bcast_addr, sizeof(bpq_eth_addr));
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err = dev_alloc_name(ndev, ndev->name);
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err = register_netdevice(ndev);
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bpq_set_lockdep_class(ndev);
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/* List protected by RTNL */
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list_add_rcu(&bpq->bpq_list, &bpq_devices);
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static void bpq_free_device(struct net_device *ndev)
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struct bpqdev *bpq = netdev_priv(ndev);
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dev_put(bpq->ethdev);
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list_del_rcu(&bpq->bpq_list);
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unregister_netdevice(ndev);
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* Handle device status changes.
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static int bpq_device_event(struct notifier_block *this,unsigned long event, void *ptr)
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struct net_device *dev = (struct net_device *)ptr;
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if (!net_eq(dev_net(dev), &init_net))
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if (!dev_is_ethdev(dev))
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case NETDEV_UP: /* new ethernet device -> new BPQ interface */
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if (bpq_get_ax25_dev(dev) == NULL)
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case NETDEV_DOWN: /* ethernet device closed -> close BPQ interface */
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if ((dev = bpq_get_ax25_dev(dev)) != NULL)
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case NETDEV_UNREGISTER: /* ethernet device removed -> free BPQ interface */
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if ((dev = bpq_get_ax25_dev(dev)) != NULL)
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bpq_free_device(dev);
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/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
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* Initialize driver. To be called from af_ax25 if not compiled as a
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static int __init bpq_init_driver(void)
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#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
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if (!proc_net_fops_create(&init_net, "bpqether", S_IRUGO, &bpq_info_fops)) {
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"bpq: cannot create /proc/net/bpqether entry.\n");
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#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
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dev_add_pack(&bpq_packet_type);
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register_netdevice_notifier(&bpq_dev_notifier);
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static void __exit bpq_cleanup_driver(void)
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dev_remove_pack(&bpq_packet_type);
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unregister_netdevice_notifier(&bpq_dev_notifier);
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proc_net_remove(&init_net, "bpqether");
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while (!list_empty(&bpq_devices)) {
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bpq = list_entry(bpq_devices.next, struct bpqdev, bpq_list);
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bpq_free_device(bpq->axdev);
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MODULE_AUTHOR("Joerg Reuter DL1BKE <jreuter@yaina.de>");
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MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Transmit and receive AX.25 packets over Ethernet");
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MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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module_init(bpq_init_driver);
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module_exit(bpq_cleanup_driver);