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<a href="intro.html"><h2>SQLite C Interface</h2></a><h2>Count The Number Of Rows Modified</h2><blockquote><pre>int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
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</pre></blockquote><p>
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This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
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or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
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on the <a href="../c3ref/sqlite3.html">database connection</a> specified by the first parameter.
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Only changes that are directly specified by the <a href="../lang_insert.html">INSERT</a>, <a href="../lang_update.html">UPDATE</a>,
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or <a href="../lang_delete.html">DELETE</a> statement are counted. Auxiliary changes caused by
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triggers or <a href="../foreignkeys.html#fk_actions">foreign key actions</a> are not counted. Use the
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<a href="../c3ref/total_changes.html">sqlite3_total_changes()</a> function to find the total number of changes
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including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.</p>
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<p>Changes to a view that are simulated by an <a href="../lang_createtrigger.html#instead_of_trigger">INSTEAD OF trigger</a>
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are not counted. Only real table changes are counted.</p>
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<p>A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
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caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement. Rows that
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are changed as side effects of <a href="../lang_replace.html">REPLACE</a> constraint resolution,
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rollback, ABORT processing, <a href="../lang_droptable.html">DROP TABLE</a>, or by any other
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mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.</p>
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<p>A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
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ends with the script of a <a href="../lang_createtrigger.html">trigger</a>.
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Most SQL statements are
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evaluated outside of any trigger. This is the "top level"
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trigger context. If a trigger fires from the top level, a
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new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
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trigger. Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.</p>
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<p>Calling <a href="../c3ref/exec.html">sqlite3_exec()</a> or <a href="../c3ref/step.html">sqlite3_step()</a> recursively does
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not create a new trigger context.</p>
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<p>This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
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most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
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<p>Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
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number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
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that also occurred at the top level. Within the body of a trigger,
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the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
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changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
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statement within the body of the same trigger.
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However, the number returned does not include changes
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caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.</p>
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<p>See also the <a href="../c3ref/total_changes.html">sqlite3_total_changes()</a> interface, the
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<a href="../pragma.html#pragma_count_changes">count_changes pragma</a>, and the <a href="../lang_corefunc.html#changes">changes() SQL function</a>.</p>
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<p>If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
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while <a href="../c3ref/changes.html">sqlite3_changes()</a> is running then the value returned
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is unpredictable and not meaningful.
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</p><p>See also lists of
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<a href="objlist.html">Objects</a>,
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<a href="constlist.html">Constants</a>, and
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<a href="funclist.html">Functions</a>.</p>
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