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* Copyright (c) 2006 Jakub Jermar
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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* - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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* - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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/** @addtogroup genericmm
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* @brief Backend for address space areas backed by an ELF image.
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#include <arch/types.h>
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#include <genarch/mm/page_pt.h>
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#include <genarch/mm/page_ht.h>
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#include <arch/barrier.h>
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#ifdef CONFIG_VIRT_IDX_DCACHE
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#include <arch/mm/cache.h>
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static int elf_page_fault(as_area_t *area, uintptr_t addr, pf_access_t access);
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static void elf_frame_free(as_area_t *area, uintptr_t page, uintptr_t frame);
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static void elf_share(as_area_t *area);
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mem_backend_t elf_backend = {
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.page_fault = elf_page_fault,
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.frame_free = elf_frame_free,
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/** Service a page fault in the ELF backend address space area.
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* The address space area and page tables must be already locked.
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* @param area Pointer to the address space area.
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* @param addr Faulting virtual address.
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* @param access Access mode that caused the fault (i.e.
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* @return AS_PF_FAULT on failure (i.e. page fault) or AS_PF_OK
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* on success (i.e. serviced).
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int elf_page_fault(as_area_t *area, uintptr_t addr, pf_access_t access)
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elf_header_t *elf = area->backend_data.elf;
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elf_segment_header_t *entry = area->backend_data.segment;
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uintptr_t base, frame, page, start_anon;
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if (!as_area_check_access(area, access))
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ASSERT((addr >= ALIGN_DOWN(entry->p_vaddr, PAGE_SIZE)) &&
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(addr < entry->p_vaddr + entry->p_memsz));
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i = (addr - ALIGN_DOWN(entry->p_vaddr, PAGE_SIZE)) >> PAGE_WIDTH;
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(((void *) elf) + ALIGN_DOWN(entry->p_offset, PAGE_SIZE));
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/* Virtual address of faulting page*/
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page = ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PAGE_SIZE);
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/* Virtual address of the end of initialized part of segment */
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start_anon = entry->p_vaddr + entry->p_filesz;
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* The address space area is shared.
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mutex_lock(&area->sh_info->lock);
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frame = (uintptr_t) btree_search(&area->sh_info->pagemap,
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page - area->base, &leaf);
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* Workaround for valid NULL address.
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for (i = 0; i < leaf->keys; i++) {
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if (leaf->key[i] == page - area->base) {
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if (frame || found) {
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frame_reference_add(ADDR2PFN(frame));
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page_mapping_insert(AS, addr, frame,
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as_area_get_flags(area));
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if (!used_space_insert(area, page, 1))
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panic("Cannot insert used space.");
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mutex_unlock(&area->sh_info->lock);
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* The area is either not shared or the pagemap does not contain the
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if (page >= entry->p_vaddr && page + PAGE_SIZE <= start_anon) {
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* Initialized portion of the segment. The memory is backed
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* directly by the content of the ELF image. Pages are
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* only copied if the segment is writable so that there
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* can be more instantions of the same memory ELF image
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* used at a time. Note that this could be later done
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if (entry->p_flags & PF_W) {
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frame = (uintptr_t)frame_alloc(ONE_FRAME, 0);
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memcpy((void *) PA2KA(frame),
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(void *) (base + i * FRAME_SIZE), FRAME_SIZE);
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if (entry->p_flags & PF_X) {
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smc_coherence_block((void *) PA2KA(frame),
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frame = KA2PA(base + i * FRAME_SIZE);
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} else if (page >= start_anon) {
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* This is the uninitialized portion of the segment.
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* It is not physically present in the ELF image.
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* To resolve the situation, a frame must be allocated
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frame = (uintptr_t)frame_alloc(ONE_FRAME, 0);
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memsetb((void *) PA2KA(frame), FRAME_SIZE, 0);
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size_t pad_lo, pad_hi;
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* The middle part is backed by the ELF image and
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* the lower and upper parts are anonymous memory.
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* (The segment can be and often is shorter than 1 page).
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if (page < entry->p_vaddr)
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pad_lo = entry->p_vaddr - page;
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if (start_anon < page + PAGE_SIZE)
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pad_hi = page + PAGE_SIZE - start_anon;
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frame = (uintptr_t)frame_alloc(ONE_FRAME, 0);
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memcpy((void *) (PA2KA(frame) + pad_lo),
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(void *) (base + i * FRAME_SIZE + pad_lo),
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FRAME_SIZE - pad_lo - pad_hi);
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if (entry->p_flags & PF_X) {
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smc_coherence_block((void *) (PA2KA(frame) + pad_lo),
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FRAME_SIZE - pad_lo - pad_hi);
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memsetb((void *) PA2KA(frame), pad_lo, 0);
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memsetb((void *) (PA2KA(frame) + FRAME_SIZE - pad_hi), pad_hi,
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if (dirty && area->sh_info) {
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frame_reference_add(ADDR2PFN(frame));
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btree_insert(&area->sh_info->pagemap, page - area->base,
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(void *) frame, leaf);
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mutex_unlock(&area->sh_info->lock);
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page_mapping_insert(AS, addr, frame, as_area_get_flags(area));
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if (!used_space_insert(area, page, 1))
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panic("Cannot insert used space.");
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/** Free a frame that is backed by the ELF backend.
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* The address space area and page tables must be already locked.
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* @param area Pointer to the address space area.
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* @param page Page that is mapped to frame. Must be aligned to
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* @param frame Frame to be released.
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void elf_frame_free(as_area_t *area, uintptr_t page, uintptr_t frame)
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elf_header_t *elf = area->backend_data.elf;
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elf_segment_header_t *entry = area->backend_data.segment;
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uintptr_t base, start_anon;
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ASSERT((page >= ALIGN_DOWN(entry->p_vaddr, PAGE_SIZE)) &&
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(page < entry->p_vaddr + entry->p_memsz));
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i = (page - ALIGN_DOWN(entry->p_vaddr, PAGE_SIZE)) >> PAGE_WIDTH;
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base = (uintptr_t) (((void *) elf) +
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ALIGN_DOWN(entry->p_offset, FRAME_SIZE));
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start_anon = entry->p_vaddr + entry->p_filesz;
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if (page >= entry->p_vaddr && page + PAGE_SIZE <= start_anon) {
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if (entry->p_flags & PF_W) {
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* Free the frame with the copy of writable segment
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* The frame is either anonymous memory or the mixed case (i.e.
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* lower part is backed by the ELF image and the upper is
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* anonymous). In any case, a frame needs to be freed.
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/** Share ELF image backed address space area.
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* If the area is writable, then all mapped pages are duplicated in the pagemap.
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* Otherwise only portions of the area that are not backed by the ELF image
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* are put into the pagemap.
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* The address space and address space area must be locked prior to the call.
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* @param area Address space area.
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void elf_share(as_area_t *area)
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elf_segment_header_t *entry = area->backend_data.segment;
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btree_node_t *leaf, *node;
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uintptr_t start_anon = entry->p_vaddr + entry->p_filesz;
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* Find the node in which to start linear search.
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if (area->flags & AS_AREA_WRITE) {
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node = list_get_instance(area->used_space.leaf_head.next,
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btree_node_t, leaf_link);
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(void) btree_search(&area->sh_info->pagemap, start_anon, &leaf);
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node = btree_leaf_node_left_neighbour(&area->sh_info->pagemap,
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* Copy used anonymous portions of the area to sh_info's page map.
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mutex_lock(&area->sh_info->lock);
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for (cur = &node->leaf_link; cur != &area->used_space.leaf_head;
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node = list_get_instance(cur, btree_node_t, leaf_link);
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for (i = 0; i < node->keys; i++) {
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uintptr_t base = node->key[i];
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size_t count = (size_t) node->value[i];
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* Skip read-only areas of used space that are backed
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if (!(area->flags & AS_AREA_WRITE))
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if (base >= entry->p_vaddr &&
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base + count * PAGE_SIZE <= start_anon)
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for (j = 0; j < count; j++) {
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* Skip read-only pages that are backed by the
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if (!(area->flags & AS_AREA_WRITE))
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if (base >= entry->p_vaddr &&
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base + (j + 1) * PAGE_SIZE <=
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page_table_lock(area->as, false);
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pte = page_mapping_find(area->as,
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base + j * PAGE_SIZE);
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ASSERT(pte && PTE_VALID(pte) &&
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btree_insert(&area->sh_info->pagemap,
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(base + j * PAGE_SIZE) - area->base,
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(void *) PTE_GET_FRAME(pte), NULL);
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page_table_unlock(area->as, false);
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pfn_t pfn = ADDR2PFN(PTE_GET_FRAME(pte));
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frame_reference_add(pfn);
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mutex_unlock(&area->sh_info->lock);