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<!-- doc/src/sgml/errcodes.sgml -->
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<appendix id="errcodes-appendix">
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<title><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Error Codes</title>
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<indexterm zone="errcodes-appendix">
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<primary>error codes</primary>
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<secondary>list of</secondary>
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All messages emitted by the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
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server are assigned five-character error codes that follow the SQL
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standard's conventions for <quote>SQLSTATE</quote> codes. Applications
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that need to know which error condition has occurred should usually
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test the error code, rather than looking at the textual error
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message. The error codes are less likely to change across
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> releases, and also are not subject to
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change due to localization of error messages. Note that some, but
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not all, of the error codes produced by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
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are defined by the SQL standard; some additional error codes for
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conditions not defined by the standard have been invented or
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borrowed from other databases.
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According to the standard, the first two characters of an error code
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denote a class of errors, while the last three characters indicate
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a specific condition within that class. Thus, an application that
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does not recognize the specific error code might still be able to infer
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what to do from the error class.
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<xref linkend="errcodes-table"/> lists all the error codes defined in
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> &version;. (Some are not actually
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used at present, but are defined by the SQL standard.)
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The error classes are also shown. For each error class there is a
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<quote>standard</quote> error code having the last three characters
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<literal>000</literal>. This code is used only for error conditions that fall
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within the class but do not have any more-specific code assigned.
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The symbol shown in the column <quote>Condition Name</quote> is
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the condition name to use in <application>PL/pgSQL</application>. Condition
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names can be written in either upper or lower case. (Note that
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<application>PL/pgSQL</application> does not recognize warning, as opposed to error,
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condition names; those are classes 00, 01, and 02.)
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For some types of errors, the server reports the name of a database object
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(a table, table column, data type, or constraint) associated with the error;
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for example, the name of the unique constraint that caused a
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<symbol>unique_violation</symbol> error. Such names are supplied in separate
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fields of the error report message so that applications need not try to
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extract them from the possibly-localized human-readable text of the message.
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As of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 9.3, complete coverage for this feature
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exists only for errors in SQLSTATE class 23 (integrity constraint
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violation), but this is likely to be expanded in future.
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<table id="errcodes-table">
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<title><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Error Codes</title>
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<colspec colnum="1" colname="errorcode"/>
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<colspec colnum="2" colname="condname"/>
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<spanspec namest="errorcode" nameend="condname" spanname="span12"/>
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<entry>Error Code</entry>
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<entry>Condition Name</entry>