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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../libs/global.ent">
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<title>GNU General Public License</title>
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<pubdate>Version 2, June 1991</pubdate>
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<year>1989, 1991</year>
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<holder>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</holder>
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<legalnotice id="gpl-legalnotice">
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<address>Free Software Foundation, Inc. <street>51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor</street>,
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<city>Boston</city>, <state>MA</state>
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<postcode>02110-1301</postcode>
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<country>USA</country>
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<para> Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
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document, but changing it is not allowed. </para>
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<releaseinfo> Version 2, June 1991</releaseinfo>
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<title>GNU General Public License</title>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Preamble</emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-1"> The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and
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change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your
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freedom to share and change free software - to make sure the software is free for all
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its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's
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software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free
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Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License
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instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. </para>
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<para> When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General
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Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies
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of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code
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or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in
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new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. </para>
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<para> To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you
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these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to
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certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you
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<para> For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee,
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you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they,
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too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know
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<para> We protect your rights with two steps: <orderedlist>
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<para> copyright the software, and </para>
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<para> offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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distribute and/or modify the software. </para>
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<para> Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone
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understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is
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modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they
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have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on
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the original authors' reputations. </para>
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<para> Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to
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avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent
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licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it
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clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. </para>
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<para> The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</emphasis></para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 0</emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-0"> This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed
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by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General
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Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a
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<quote>work based on the Program </quote> means either the Program or any
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derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program
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or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into
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another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the
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term <quote>modification </quote>.) Each licensee is addressed as
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<quote>you</quote>. </para>
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<para> Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by
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this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not
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restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents
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constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running
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the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 1</emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-1"> You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
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receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish
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on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
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all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and
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give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the
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<para> You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at
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your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 2</emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-2"> You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus
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forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or
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work under the terms of <link linkend="gpl-2-1">Section 1 </link> above, provided
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that you also meet all of these conditions: <orderedlist>
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<para> You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
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that you changed the files and the date of any change. </para>
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<para> You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole
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or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof,
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to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the
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terms of this License. </para>
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<para> If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
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run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in
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the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an
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appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or
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else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may
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redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user
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how to view a copy of this License. <note>
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<title>Exception: </title>
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<para> If the Program itself is interactive but does not normally
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print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is
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not required to print an announcement.) </para>
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<para> These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable
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sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably
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considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its
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terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works.
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But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
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on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License,
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whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each
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and every part regardless of who wrote it. </para>
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<para> Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights
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to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to
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control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. </para>
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<para> In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the
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Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or
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distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 3 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-3"> You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under <link
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linkend="gpl-2-2">Section 2 </link>) in object code or executable form under the
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terms of <link linkend="gpl-2-1">Sections 1 </link> and <link linkend="gpl-2-2">2
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</link> above provided that you also do one of the following: <orderedlist>
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<para> Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
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code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
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above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, </para>
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<para> Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to
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give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically
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performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the
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corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections
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1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, </para>
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<para> Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to
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distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only
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for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in
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object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with
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Subsection b above.) </para>
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<para> The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
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modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the
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source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition
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files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the
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executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not
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include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with
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the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which
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the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. </para>
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<para> If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy
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from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code
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from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third
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parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 4 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-4"> You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as
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expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
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sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your
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rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
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from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
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parties remain in full compliance. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 5 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-5"> You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it.
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However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or
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its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this
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License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on
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the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its
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terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 6 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-6"> Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the
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recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy,
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distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not
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impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted
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herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 7 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-7"> If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or
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for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you
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(whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of
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this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you
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cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
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License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not
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distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit
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royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly
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or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this
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License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. </para>
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<para> If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
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particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the
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section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. </para>
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<para> It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or
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other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section
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has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution
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system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
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generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system
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in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor
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to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system
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and a licensee cannot impose that choice. </para>
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<para> This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a
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consequence of the rest of this License. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 8 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-8"> If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries
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either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who
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places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution
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limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or
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among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the
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limitation as if written in the body of this License. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 9 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-9"> The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the
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General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in
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spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
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<para> Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a
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version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have
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the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any
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later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not
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specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published
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by the Free Software Foundation. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 10 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-10"> If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose
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distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission.
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For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
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Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be
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guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free
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software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">NO WARRANTY Section 11 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-11"> BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE
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PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN
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WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS"
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WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH
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YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
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SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">Section 12 </emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-2-12"> IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY
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COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM
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AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
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INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
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PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE
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OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
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WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
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POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. </para>
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<para>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS </para>
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<para><emphasis role="bold">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</emphasis></para>
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<para id="gpl-3"> If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to
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the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can
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redistribute and change under these terms. </para>
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<para> To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to
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the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and
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each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full
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notice is found. </para>
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<para> <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
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Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> </para>
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<para> This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
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terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
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either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. </para>
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<para> This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
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WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
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PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. </para>
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<para> You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this
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program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite
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330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA </para>
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<para> Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. </para>
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<para> If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts
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in an interactive mode: </para>
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<para> Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with
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ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are
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welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. </para>
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<para> The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of
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the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something
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other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu
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items--whatever suits your program. </para>
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<para> You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if
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any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample;
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alter the names: </para>
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<para> Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision'
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(which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. </para>
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<para> <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice </para>
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<para> This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
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proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more
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useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you
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want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. </para>
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