3
* by Mike Melanson (melanson@pcisys.net)
4
* This file is placed in the public domain. Use the program however you
7
* This utility rearranges a Quicktime file such that the moov atom
8
* is in front of the data, thus facilitating network streaming.
10
* Compile this program using:
11
* cc qt-faststart.c -o qt-faststart
12
* Invoke the program with:
13
* qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>
15
* Notes: Quicktime files can come in many configurations of top-level
16
* atoms. This utility stipulates that the very last atom in the file needs
17
* to be a moov atom. When given such a file, this utility will rearrange
18
* the top-level atoms by shifting the moov atom from the back of the file
19
* to the front, and patch the chunk offsets along the way. This utility
20
* presently only operates on uncompressed moov atoms.
28
#define fseeko(x,y,z) fseeko64(x,y,z)
29
#define ftello(x) ftello64(x)
32
#define BE_16(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 8) | ((uint8_t*)(x))[1])
33
#define BE_32(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 24) | \
34
(((uint8_t*)(x))[1] << 16) | \
35
(((uint8_t*)(x))[2] << 8) | \
37
#define BE_64(x) (((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[0]) << 56) | \
38
((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[1]) << 48) | \
39
((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[2]) << 40) | \
40
((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[3]) << 32) | \
41
((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[4]) << 24) | \
42
((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[5]) << 16) | \
43
((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[6]) << 8) | \
44
((uint64_t)((uint8_t*)(x))[7]))
46
#define BE_FOURCC( ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3 ) \
47
( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch3) | \
48
( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch2) << 8 ) | \
49
( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch1) << 16 ) | \
50
( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch0) << 24 ) )
52
#define QT_ATOM BE_FOURCC
54
#define FREE_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 'r', 'e', 'e')
55
#define JUNK_ATOM QT_ATOM('j', 'u', 'n', 'k')
56
#define MDAT_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'd', 'a', 't')
57
#define MOOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'o', 'o', 'v')
58
#define PNOT_ATOM QT_ATOM('p', 'n', 'o', 't')
59
#define SKIP_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 'k', 'i', 'p')
60
#define WIDE_ATOM QT_ATOM('w', 'i', 'd', 'e')
61
#define PICT_ATOM QT_ATOM('P', 'I', 'C', 'T')
62
#define FTYP_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 't', 'y', 'p')
64
#define CMOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'm', 'o', 'v')
65
#define STCO_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 't', 'c', 'o')
66
#define CO64_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'o', '6', '4')
68
#define ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE 8
69
#define COPY_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
71
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
75
unsigned char atom_bytes[ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE];
76
uint32_t atom_type = 0;
77
uint64_t atom_size = 0;
79
unsigned char *moov_atom;
80
unsigned char *ftyp_atom = 0;
81
uint64_t moov_atom_size;
82
uint64_t ftyp_atom_size = 0;
84
uint32_t offset_count;
85
uint64_t current_offset;
86
uint64_t start_offset = 0;
87
unsigned char copy_buffer[COPY_BUFFER_SIZE];
91
printf ("Usage: qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>\n");
95
infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
101
/* traverse through the atoms in the file to make sure that 'moov' is
103
while (!feof(infile)) {
104
if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
107
atom_size = (uint32_t)BE_32(&atom_bytes[0]);
108
atom_type = BE_32(&atom_bytes[4]);
110
if ((atom_type != FREE_ATOM) &&
111
(atom_type != JUNK_ATOM) &&
112
(atom_type != MDAT_ATOM) &&
113
(atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) &&
114
(atom_type != PNOT_ATOM) &&
115
(atom_type != SKIP_ATOM) &&
116
(atom_type != WIDE_ATOM) &&
117
(atom_type != PICT_ATOM) &&
118
(atom_type != FTYP_ATOM)) {
119
printf ("encountered non-QT top-level atom (is this a Quicktime file?)\n");
124
if (atom_type == FTYP_ATOM) {
125
ftyp_atom_size = atom_size;
126
ftyp_atom = malloc(ftyp_atom_size);
128
printf ("could not allocate 0x%llX byte for ftyp atom\n",
133
fseeko(infile, -ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
134
if (fread(ftyp_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
140
start_offset = ftello(infile);
144
/* 64-bit special case */
145
if (atom_size == 1) {
146
if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
149
atom_size = BE_64(&atom_bytes[0]);
150
fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE * 2, SEEK_CUR);
152
fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
156
if (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) {
157
printf ("last atom in file was not a moov atom\n");
162
/* moov atom was, in fact, the last atom in the chunk; load the whole
164
fseeko(infile, -atom_size, SEEK_END);
165
last_offset = ftello(infile);
166
moov_atom_size = atom_size;
167
moov_atom = malloc(moov_atom_size);
169
printf ("could not allocate 0x%llX byte for moov atom\n",
174
if (fread(moov_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
181
/* this utility does not support compressed atoms yet, so disqualify
182
* files with compressed QT atoms */
183
if (BE_32(&moov_atom[12]) == CMOV_ATOM) {
184
printf ("this utility does not support compressed moov atoms yet\n");
190
/* close; will be re-opened later */
193
/* crawl through the moov chunk in search of stco or co64 atoms */
194
for (i = 4; i < moov_atom_size - 4; i++) {
195
atom_type = BE_32(&moov_atom[i]);
196
if (atom_type == STCO_ATOM) {
197
printf (" patching stco atom...\n");
198
atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
199
if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
200
printf (" bad atom size\n");
204
offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
205
for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
206
current_offset = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4]);
207
current_offset += moov_atom_size;
208
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 0] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
209
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 1] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
210
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 2] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
211
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 3] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
214
} else if (atom_type == CO64_ATOM) {
215
printf (" patching co64 atom...\n");
216
atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
217
if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
218
printf (" bad atom size\n");
222
offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
223
for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
224
current_offset = BE_64(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8]);
225
current_offset += moov_atom_size;
226
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 0] = (current_offset >> 56) & 0xFF;
227
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 1] = (current_offset >> 48) & 0xFF;
228
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 2] = (current_offset >> 40) & 0xFF;
229
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 3] = (current_offset >> 32) & 0xFF;
230
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 4] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
231
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 5] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
232
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 6] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
233
moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 7] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
239
/* re-open the input file and open the output file */
240
infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
247
if (start_offset > 0) { /* seek after ftyp atom */
248
fseeko(infile, start_offset, SEEK_SET);
249
last_offset -= start_offset;
252
outfile = fopen(argv[2], "wb");
260
/* dump the same ftyp atom */
261
if (ftyp_atom_size > 0) {
262
printf (" writing ftyp atom...\n");
263
if (fwrite(ftyp_atom, ftyp_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
269
/* dump the new moov atom */
270
printf (" writing moov atom...\n");
271
if (fwrite(moov_atom, moov_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
276
/* copy the remainder of the infile, from offset 0 -> last_offset - 1 */
277
printf (" copying rest of file...\n");
278
while (last_offset) {
279
if (last_offset > COPY_BUFFER_SIZE)
280
bytes_to_copy = COPY_BUFFER_SIZE;
282
bytes_to_copy = last_offset;
284
if (fread(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, infile) != 1) {
288
if (fwrite(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, outfile) != 1) {
293
last_offset -= bytes_to_copy;
299
if (ftyp_atom_size > 0)
308
if (ftyp_atom_size > 0)