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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide">
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<!ENTITY gnome "<phrase>GNOME</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu "<phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY kde "<acronym>KDE</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY kde-full "<phrase>K Desktop Environment</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Lucid Lynx">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "10.10">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "October 2010">
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<!ENTITY distro-short-codename "maverick">
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<!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Kubuntu 10.10_Maverick_Meerkat">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.35">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.4.4">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.12.1">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.6.6">
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<!ENTITY kde-version "4.5.1">
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<!-- <!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM '../common/C/glossary.xml' > --><!-- Footer Text for Kubuntu documentation --><!ENTITY footer-doc-comment "Would you like to make a comment or contribute an update to this page?">
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<!ENTITY footer-doc-feedback "Send feedback to the ">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../../../common/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
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<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
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<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome-www "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde-www "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-general-insert-case:lower
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vim: tabstop=2:shiftwidth=2:expandtab:indentexpr=:tw=80:
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kate: space-indent on; indent-width 2; tab-width 2; indent-mode none;
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--><!ENTITY % kde-menus-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/kde-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- Application Launcher Screenshots before Keyboard Shortcuts section --><!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS AT THE VERY END --><!-- KDE MENU Entries Organized as the the show up in the Application Launcher (kickoff) --><!-- APLICATION LAUNCHER MENUS
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This will help us shorten the amount of typing we have to do for adding new
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menu items. It is pretty straight forward.
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--><!-- Common Stuff --><!ENTITY mal "<guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu>">
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<!ENTITY malapp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malfav "&mal;<guisubmenu>Favorites</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malcmp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Computer</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maluse "&mal;<guisubmenu>Recently Used</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY mallve "&mal;<guisubmenu>Leave</guisubmenu>">
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<!-- Applications Submenus --><!ENTITY maldev "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maledu "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Education</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malgms "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malgrp "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malnet "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malmmd "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maloff "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malset "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Settings</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malsys "&malapp;<guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malutl "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>">
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<!-- COMPUTER --><!ENTITY menusysset "<menuchoice>&malcmp;<guimenuitem>System Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- APPLICATIONS --><!ENTITY menuhelp "<menuchoice>&malapp;<guimenuitem>Help</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Development --><!ENTITY menueclipse "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Eclipse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugambas "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukdevelop "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menumonodev "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menumonodoc "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuqt4designer "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Qt4 Designer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudevhelp "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Education --><!-- Games --><!--Graphics --><!ENTITY menudigikam "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Photo Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugimp "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Image Editior (Gimp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugwenview "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuinkscape "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Vector Graphics Editor (Inkscape)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukooka "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scan & OCR Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukpdf "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>PDF Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrita "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Painting and Image Editing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuksnap "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Screen Capture Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuscribus "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoodraw "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Drawing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublender "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>3D Modeller (Blender)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Internet --><!ENTITY menubluechat "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublueobex "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth OBEX Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuff "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuffinstall "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Kubuntu Firefox Installer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukmail "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Mail Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuknetmgr "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Network Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonqi "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonv "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukopete "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Instant Messager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukppp "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Internet Dial-Up Tool</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrdc "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Remote Desktop Connection</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrfb "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Desktop Sharing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuktorrent "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>BitTorrent Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuakregator "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Akregator - RSS Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuquassel "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client (Quassel IRC)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Multimedia --><!ENTITY menuk3b "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Disk Burning (K3b)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuamarok "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Music Player (Amarok)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudragon "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Video Player (Dragon)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukino "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Kino</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuaudacity "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Office --><!ENTITY menukontact "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Personal Information Manager (Kontact)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuooimpress "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Presentation (OpenOffice.org Presentation)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoocalc "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Spreadsheet (OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoowriter "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Word Processor (OpenOffice.org Word Processor)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukmymoney "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>KMyMoney2</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Science & Math --><!-- Settings --><!-- System --><!ENTITY menuadept "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Adept)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menucomputerjanitor "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Computer Janitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudolphin "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>File Manager (Dolphin)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukpackagekit "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Software Management (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonsole "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menupartman "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Partition Editor (KDE Partition Manager)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuqtparted "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Partition Manager (QtParted)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuar "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Add/Remove)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menujockey "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Hardware Deivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukuser "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>User Manager (KUser)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuhardwaredrivers "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Hardware Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuusbcreator "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Startup Disk Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Utilities --><!ENTITY menukaramba "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>SuperKaramba</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY language "en">
404
<article id="graphics" lang="kubuntu-docs-graphics-fr">
406
<title>Creating and Editing Graphics in <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase></title>
410
This document is about creating and editing graphics in Kubuntu.
415
<sect1 id="introduction">
416
<title>Introduction</title>
419
There are many free and open source graphics and image editing applications
420
available for Kubuntu such as <application>GIMP</application>,
421
<application>Blender</application>, <application>InkScape</application> and
422
more. These applications are not part of a default <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> installation.
423
However, they can be installed easily with the package manager
424
<application>KpackageKit</application>. This topic is an introduction to common
425
tasks in graphics editing applications, such as editing images, creating new
426
images, saving your work, and so forth.
431
<sect1 id="gimp-introduction">
432
<title>GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)</title>
434
GIMP (The GNU Image Manipulation Program) is a free raster graphics editor
435
licensed under GPL. It is primarily used as an image retouching and editing
436
tool. GIMP is built upon the GTK+ framework and thus can run on a variety of
437
platforms. It is used for graphics editing tasks such as photo editing,
438
image composition and image creation.
442
GIMP can be enhanced by the use of plugins and scripts that perform complex
443
operations. It can also be used to convert different image formats.
447
Some of the features and capabilities offered by GIMP include:
450
<listitem><para>A full suite of painting tools including brushes, a pencil, an
451
airbrush, cloning, healing, dodge and burn, and more</para></listitem>
452
<listitem><para>Full Alpha channel support for working with transparency</para></listitem>
453
<listitem><para>Layers and channels</para></listitem>
454
<listitem><para>Advanced scripting capabilities</para></listitem>
455
<listitem><para>Multiple undo/redo (limited only by disk
456
space)</para></listitem>
457
<listitem><para>Transformation tools including rotate, scale, shear and
458
flip</para></listitem>
459
<listitem><para>Support for a wide range of file formats, including GIF, JPEG, PNG,
460
XPM, TIFF, TGA, MPEG, PS, PDF, PCX, BMP and many others</para></listitem>
461
<listitem><para>Selection tools, including rectangle, ellipse, free, fuzzy,
462
bezier and intelligent scissors</para></listitem>
463
<listitem><para>Plug-ins to add new file formats and new effect
464
filters.</para></listitem>
468
<sect2 id="gimp-editing-graphics">
469
<title>Editing Graphics In Gimp</title>
470
<para>For editing images you can use <application>GIMP</application>, a
471
powerful and feature-packed application similar to Adobe's Photoshop.
472
Here's how to edit graphics in GIMP:
478
Install Gimp from the package manager.
484
To run <application>Gimp</application>, go to <menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Image Editior (Gimp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
490
In <application>Gimp</application>, go to
492
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
493
<guisubmenu>Open</guisubmenu>
494
</menuchoice> and navigate to the folder where the image is stored and open it.
499
<title>Opening an image in Gimp</title>
502
<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/gimp-open.png" format="PNG"/>
512
There are several tools available in <application>Gimp</application> for editing
513
the image, such as the 'Brush' and the 'Eraser' tools.
519
When the editing is complete, go to
521
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
522
<guisubmenu>Save</guisubmenu>
523
</menuchoice> to save your file, or use <guisubmenu>Save As</guisubmenu> to
524
avoid overwriting the original image.
530
<sect2 id="creating-graphics-gimp">
531
<title>Creating Gaphics</title>
532
<para>Creating graphics can be accomplished in <application>Gimp</application>
533
easily. There are many filters and tools available that can be used to create
535
Here's how to create graphics:</para>
539
To create images/graphics, start with an empty image in
540
<application>Gimp</application>. To do this, go to
542
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
543
<guisubmenu>New</guisubmenu>
544
</menuchoice> and enter the <acronym>dimensions</acronym> of the new image.
545
Press <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
550
<title>Creating a new image in Gimp</title>
553
<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/gimp-new.png" format="PNG"/>
562
With an empty image, any of the numerous tools available in
563
<application>Gimp</application> can be used to create a masterpiece!
564
For example, use the text tool, marked with a 'A' in the toolbox
565
window, to add some text to the image. The text can then be manipulated by using
566
filters and adding more color to it.
568
<title>Adding some text to the image</title>
571
<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/gimp-text.png" format="PNG"/>
580
When the image has been created, it can be saved. To save a file in Gimp,
583
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
584
<guisubmenu>Save</guisubmenu>
585
</menuchoice> and choose a location where the file will be saved.
586
<application>Gimp</application> requires that that a file type be selected for
587
the image being saved (png, jpg etc.). So the file extension must be specified
588
for the image being saved. One of the choices, .xcf, is the default
589
extension for <application>Gimp</application>. It is the preferred file type
590
that maintains the edit history of the image, which is helpful if the file is
591
expected to be edited further in Gimp.
596
<title>Saving the image</title>
599
<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/gimp-save.png" format="PNG"/>
608
<sect2 id="gimp-references">
609
<title>References</title>
611
For a complete guide to editing and creating images and graphics in
612
<application>Gimp</application>, please see the <ulink url="http://www.gimp.org/tutorials/">tutorials</ulink> and the official <ulink url="http://www.gimp.org/docs/">documentation</ulink> from the Gimp website.
613
More resources for learning GIMP include:
615
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.gimp.org/tutorials/">Official Gimp Tutorials</ulink></para></listitem>
616
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.gimp-tutorials.net">Gimp-Tutorials.net</ulink></para></listitem>
617
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.gimpguru.org/Tutorials/">Gimp Guru</ulink></para></listitem>
618
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://gimp-savvy.com/BOOK/index.html">Grokking The GIMP (Book)</ulink></para></listitem>
624
<sect1 id="inkscape-introduction">
625
<title>Inkscape</title>
627
<application>Inkscape</application> is a vector graphics editor application. It
628
uses Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), an open XML-based W3C standard, as its
629
native format. Inkscape is built on GTK+ and therefore can run on a variety of
630
different platforms.To run Inkscape, install it with the package manager
631
and go to <menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Vector Graphics Editor (Inkscape)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
634
Some features of <application>Inkscape</application> are:
636
<listitem><para>Create ellipses, rectangles, circles, paths, text using the
637
different types of tools available.</para></listitem>
638
<listitem><para>Manipulate, style, rotate and edit objects.</para></listitem>
639
<listitem><para>Command-line interface, primarily for format conversion
640
functions.</para></listitem>
641
<listitem><para>XML tree editor for manipulating SVG
642
documents.</para></listitem>
646
<sect2 id="inkscape-creating-images">
647
<title>Creating Vector Images With Inkscape</title>
649
<step><para>Open Inkscape by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Vector Graphics Editor (Inkscape)</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para></step>
651
Set the image size by changing the 'width' and 'height' of the
652
document in <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guisubmenu>Document
653
Properties</guisubmenu></menuchoice>
655
<title>Document Properties</title>
658
<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/inkscape-doc-properties.png" format="PNG"/>
665
Draw circles, rectangles, polygons etc. by selecting the appropriate tool from
666
the toolbox and then click the mouse and drag in the image.
668
<title>Drawing Shapes</title>
669
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/inkscape-draw.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject></mediaobject>
674
Text can be added to the image by selecting the 'Text' tool (marked with an 'T'
675
symbol in the toolbox) or by pressing <keycap>T</keycap> on the keyboard and
676
clicking once in the image where the text will be placed.
678
<title>Adding Text</title>
679
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/inkscape-text.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject></mediaobject>
684
When the editing is complete, save the image by going to
685
<menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guisubmenu>Save</guisubmenu></menuchoice>.
686
Navigate to the folder where the file should be saved, enter a filename, and hit
687
<guibutton>Save</guibutton>. Files can be saved as Plain SVG or as Inkscape
688
SVG. There is additional information in Inkscape SVG images that is not used by
689
other SVG image editors.
694
<sect2 id="inkscape-reference">
695
<title>References</title>
696
<para>The "Help" menu in Inkscape includes tutorials. Additional information
697
about using <application>Inkscape</application> is available:
699
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.inkscape.org/doc/basic/tutorial-basic.html">Inkscape Basic Tutorial</ulink></para></listitem>
700
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://inkscapetutorials.wordpress.com/">The Inkscape Tutorials Weblog</ulink></para></listitem>
701
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.inkscapetutorials.net/">InkscapeTutorials.net</ulink></para></listitem>
702
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.inkscape.org/doc/keys046.html">Inkscape Keys and Mouse Reference</ulink></para></listitem>
708
<sect1 id="blender-introduction">
709
<title>An Introduction To Blender</title>
711
<application>Blender</application> is a 3D graphics application, released under
712
the GNU General Public License. Blender provides a broad spectrum of modeling,
713
texturing, lighting, animation and video post-processing functionality in one
714
package. Blender can be installed from the package manager
715
<application>KPackageKit</application>; <menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Software Management (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
718
<sect2 id="blender-basics">
719
<title>Blender Basics</title>
721
<application>Blender</application> is a powerful application that can be used to
722
perform advanced and complex tasks, such as video editing, 3D modeling and
723
animation. This guide is an introduction to the Blender interface, and also
724
covers basic functions like Exporting and Importing an image.
728
<step><para>Open blender by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>3D Modeller (Blender)</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para></step>
729
<step><para>The <application>Blender</application>'s splash screen will appear,
730
followed by a window similar to the one below:
732
<title>Blender Window</title>
734
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/blender-main.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject>
739
<step><para>The center of the screen is the main view for creating and viewing
740
3D models. The bottom portion of the screen is the 'Panel', which has controls
741
to modify mesh models.
744
<step><para>By default there is a square in the center of the main view. With
745
the cursor in the main window, the view can be rotated by pressing the middle
746
mouse button and dragging the mouse. As the mouse is dragged, the object can be
747
viewed from different angles. Three arrows represent the three axes: X, Y
750
<title>Rotating View</title>
752
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/blender-drag.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject>
758
Views can also be changed by pressing the keys in the number keypad.
759
Pressing the "1" key in the number keypad changes the view. Pressing the "7"
760
key returns to the default view.
764
Objects are selected by clicking the 'Right Mouse Button'. All objects can be
765
selected or deselected by pressing the <keycap>A</keycap> key on the keyboard.
769
Delete the default cube in the main window by pressing the <keycap>X</keycap>
770
key on the keyboard and then pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap>.
774
Next, add a new mesh/object in the scene by pressing <keycap>Spacebar</keycap> and
776
<menuchoice><guimenu>Add</guimenu><guisubmenu>Mesh</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>UVSphere</guisubmenu></menuchoice>
777
Choose the default settings in the dialog and press
778
<guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
780
<title>Adding a new mesh</title>
782
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/blender-uvsphere.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject>
788
To move the new object, first select it (by clicking on it with the Right Mouse
789
Button), and press 'G' on the keyboard. Now drag the mouse in any direction to
790
move the object in that direction. To move the object in a specific direction,
791
press <keycap>G</keycap> followed by the axis of that direction. For example:
792
To move an object in the Z axis, press <keycap>G</keycap> and then
797
To rotate the object, press <keycap>R</keycap> and rotate using the mouse. The
798
object can be rotated around a specific axis by pressing <keycap>X</keycap>,
799
<keycap>Y</keycap> or <keycap>Z</keycap> after pressing <keycap>R</keycap>.
803
When all objects have been added, the scene can be rendered by going to
804
<menuchoice><guimenu>Render</guimenu><guisubmenu>Render
805
Current Frame</guisubmenu></menuchoice> or by pressing <keycap>F12</keycap>.
809
Save the finished image by selecting
810
<menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guisubmenu>Save</guisubmenu></menuchoice>.
811
or press <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>W</keycap></keycombo>. Enter the
812
filename, choose a path and press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.
818
<sect2 id="blender-reference">
819
<title>References</title>
820
<para>Blender resources:
822
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.blender.org/education-help/tutorials/">Blender Tutorials Archive</ulink></para></listitem>
823
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.ibiblio.org/bvidtute/">Blender Video Tutorials</ulink></para></listitem>
824
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://blenderunderground.com/">Blender Underground Video Tutorials</ulink></para></listitem>
825
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.blender.org/education-help/manuals-books/">Blender Books</ulink></para></listitem>
834
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