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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../../libs/global.ent">
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<!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
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<!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide">
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<!ENTITY gnome "<phrase>GNOME</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu "<phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>">
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<!ENTITY kde "<acronym>KDE</acronym>">
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<!ENTITY kde-full "<phrase>K Desktop Environment</phrase>">
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<!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Lucid Lynx">
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<!ENTITY distro-rev "10.10">
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<!ENTITY distro-release-date "October 2010">
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<!ENTITY distro-short-codename "maverick">
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<!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Kubuntu 10.10_Maverick_Meerkat">
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<!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.35">
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<!ENTITY gcc-version "4.4.4">
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<!ENTITY glibc-version "2.12.1">
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<!ENTITY python-version "2.6.6">
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<!ENTITY kde-version "4.5.1">
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<!-- <!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM '../common/C/glossary.xml' > --><!-- Footer Text for Kubuntu documentation --><!ENTITY footer-doc-comment "Would you like to make a comment or contribute an update to this page?">
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<!ENTITY footer-doc-feedback "Send feedback to the ">
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<!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../../../common/legalnotice.xml">
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<!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
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<!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
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<!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
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<!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
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<!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
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<!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
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<!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
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<!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
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<!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-dpkgfile "ubuntu5.10.tar">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
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<!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
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<!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
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<!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
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<!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
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<!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
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<!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
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<!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
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<!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
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<!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
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<!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
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<!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
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<!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
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<!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
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<!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnome-www "http://www.gnome.org/">
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<!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
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<!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
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<!ENTITY kde-www "http://www.kde.org/">
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<!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
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<!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
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<!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
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<!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
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<!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
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<!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
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<!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
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<!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
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<!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
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<!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
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<!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
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<!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
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<!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
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<!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
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<!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
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<!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
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<!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
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<!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
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<!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
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<!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
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<!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
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<!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
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<!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
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<!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
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<!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
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<!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
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<!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
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<!ENTITY Amharic "af">
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<!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
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<!ENTITY Assamese "as">
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<!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
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<!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
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<!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
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<!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
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<!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
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<!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
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<!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
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<!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
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<!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
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<!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
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<!ENTITY Breton "br">
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<!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
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<!ENTITY Corsican "co">
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<!ENTITY Danish "da">
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<!ENTITY German "de">
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<!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
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<!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
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<!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
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<!ENTITY Spanish "es">
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<!ENTITY Estonian "et">
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<!ENTITY Basque "eu">
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<!ENTITY Persian "fa">
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<!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
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<!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
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<!ENTITY French "fr">
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<!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
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<!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
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<!ENTITY Galician "gl">
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<!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
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<!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
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<!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
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<!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
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<!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
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<!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
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<!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
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<!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
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<!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
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<!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
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<!ENTITY Italian "it">
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<!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
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<!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
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<!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
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<!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
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<!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
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<!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
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<!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
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<!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
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<!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
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<!ENTITY Korean "ko">
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<!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
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<!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
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<!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
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<!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
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<!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
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<!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
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<!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
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<!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
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<!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
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<!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
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<!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
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<!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
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<!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
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<!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
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<!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
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<!ENTITY Burmese "my">
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<!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
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<!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
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<!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
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<!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
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<!ENTITY Polish "pl">
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<!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
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<!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
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<!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
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<!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
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<!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
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<!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
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<!ENTITY Russian "ru">
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<!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
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<!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
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<!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
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<!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
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<!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
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<!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
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<!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
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<!ENTITY Somali "so">
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<!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
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<!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
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<!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
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<!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
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<!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
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<!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
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<!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
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<!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
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<!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
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<!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
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<!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
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<!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
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<!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
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<!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
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<!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
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<!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
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<!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
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<!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-general-insert-case:lower
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vim: tabstop=2:shiftwidth=2:expandtab:indentexpr=:tw=80:
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kate: space-indent on; indent-width 2; tab-width 2; indent-mode none;
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--><!ENTITY % kde-menus-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/kde-menus-C.ent">
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<!-- Application Launcher Screenshots before Keyboard Shortcuts section --><!-- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS AT THE VERY END --><!-- KDE MENU Entries Organized as the the show up in the Application Launcher (kickoff) --><!-- APLICATION LAUNCHER MENUS
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This will help us shorten the amount of typing we have to do for adding new
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menu items. It is pretty straight forward.
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--><!-- Common Stuff --><!ENTITY mal "<guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu>">
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<!ENTITY malapp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malfav "&mal;<guisubmenu>Favorites</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malcmp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Computer</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maluse "&mal;<guisubmenu>Recently Used</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY mallve "&mal;<guisubmenu>Leave</guisubmenu>">
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<!-- Applications Submenus --><!ENTITY maldev "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maledu "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Education</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malgms "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malgrp "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malnet "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malmmd "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY maloff "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malset "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Settings</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malsys "&malapp;<guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>">
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<!ENTITY malutl "&malapp;<guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>">
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<!-- COMPUTER --><!ENTITY menusysset "<menuchoice>&malcmp;<guimenuitem>System Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- APPLICATIONS --><!ENTITY menuhelp "<menuchoice>&malapp;<guimenuitem>Help</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Development --><!ENTITY menueclipse "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Eclipse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugambas "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukdevelop "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menumonodev "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menumonodoc "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuqt4designer "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Qt4 Designer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudevhelp "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Education --><!-- Games --><!--Graphics --><!ENTITY menudigikam "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Photo Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugimp "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Image Editior (Gimp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menugwenview "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuinkscape "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Vector Graphics Editor (Inkscape)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukooka "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scan & OCR Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukpdf "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>PDF Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrita "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Painting and Image Editing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuksnap "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Screen Capture Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuscribus "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoodraw "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Drawing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublender "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>3D Modeller (Blender)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Internet --><!ENTITY menubluechat "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menublueobex "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth OBEX Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuff "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuffinstall "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Kubuntu Firefox Installer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukmail "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Mail Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuknetmgr "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Network Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonqi "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonv "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukopete "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Instant Messager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukppp "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Internet Dial-Up Tool</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrdc "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Remote Desktop Connection</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukrfb "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Desktop Sharing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuktorrent "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>BitTorrent Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuakregator "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Akregator - RSS Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuquassel "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client (Quassel IRC)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Multimedia --><!ENTITY menuk3b "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Disk Burning (K3b)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuamarok "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Music Player (Amarok)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudragon "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Video Player (Dragon)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukino "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Kino</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuaudacity "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Office --><!ENTITY menukontact "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Personal Information Manager (Kontact)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuooimpress "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Presentation (OpenOffice.org Presentation)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoocalc "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Spreadsheet (OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuoowriter "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Word Processor (OpenOffice.org Word Processor)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukmymoney "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>KMyMoney2</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Science & Math --><!-- Settings --><!-- System --><!ENTITY menuadept "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Adept)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menucomputerjanitor "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Computer Janitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menudolphin "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>File Manager (Dolphin)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukpackagekit "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Software Management (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukonsole "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menupartman "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Partition Editor (KDE Partition Manager)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuqtparted "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Partition Manager (QtParted)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuar "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Add/Remove)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menujockey "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Hardware Deivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukuser "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>User Manager (KUser)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuhardwaredrivers "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Hardware Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menuusbcreator "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Startup Disk Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Utilities --><!ENTITY menukaramba "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>SuperKaramba</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukate "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>Advanced Text Editor (Kate)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menukeep "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>Keep</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- Lost & Found --><!-- Application Launcher - Leave --><!ENTITY menulogout "<menuchoice>&mallve;<guimenuitem>Logout (End Session)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!ENTITY menulock "<menuchoice>&mallve;<guimenuitem>Lock (Lock the screen)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
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<!-- APPLICATION LAUNCHER IMAGES --><!-- Applications --><!ENTITY a_l_apps '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications</title>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_applications.png" format="PNG" />
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</imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<!-- Applications - Development --><!ENTITY a_l_apps_dev '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Applications - Development</title>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_development.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_graphics.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_internet.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_multimedia.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_office.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_settings.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_system.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_application_utilities.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_computer.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<!-- Favorites --><!ENTITY a_l_favs '<example><title>Kickoff Application Launcher - Favorites</title>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_favorites.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_leave.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="../../images/C/application_launcher_recently_used.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>
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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf4 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>">
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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf5 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F5</keycap></keycombo>">
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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf6 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>">
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<!ENTITY ctrlaltbkspc "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap></keycombo>">
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<!ENTITY language "en">
404
<article id="manage-software" lang="kubuntu-docs-manage-software-oc">
406
<title>Software Management In <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase></title>
410
This document describes managing and updating software in <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>.
415
<!-- INTRODUCTION -->
416
<sect1 id="intro" status="complete">
417
<title>Introduccion</title>
420
There are several ways to manage applications in <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>. A convenient way to
421
add or remove applications is with a <emphasis>package manager</emphasis>. The
422
following package managers are described in this document:
425
<title>Clients en mòde grafic</title>
427
<term><application>KPackageKit</application></term>
430
An advanced program with a graphical user interface <acronym>(GUI)</acronym> for
431
installing and removing applications. <application>KPackageKit</application> can
432
be started by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Software Management (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
438
<title>Utilitaris en linha de comanda</title>
440
<term><application>APT</application></term>
443
(Advanced Package Tool) is a complete system for software package management.
449
<term><application>Aptitude</application></term>
451
<para>Una interfàcia de naut nivèl per<application>apt</application>, en mòde tèxte.</para>
456
It is possible to increase the number of programs that can be installed with
457
package managers. The default installation does not include all the programs
458
that can be used with <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>. System functionality can be enhanced by
459
including more applications and newer software. This document describes how to
460
add software repositories.
463
The software that comprises <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> is being improved continuously. With an
464
Internet connection and <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> software updating, the latest improvements and
465
security fixes can be applied to a system easily. This document explains how to
470
<!-- KPackagekit section added :) -->
471
<sect1 id="kpackagekit" xreflabel="KPackageKit" status="complete">
472
<title>KPackageKit</title>
475
<title>KPackageKit</title>
478
<imagedata fileref="help:/images/C/kpackagekit.png" format="PNG"/>
484
<para><application>Software Management</application> (KPackageKit) is a
485
graphical tool for installing new software on a <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> system. Software
486
Management also provides tools for managing software and software repositories.
487
Installing and removing software is password-protected to help prevent errors
488
and potentially dangerous actions that would affect system operation.
492
Install new software with the following steps:
497
Start KpackageKit with <menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Software Management (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
503
Search for the application with the search box and filters at the top of the
510
The application will show up in the large white space below the search area.
511
Click on the down arrow symbol next to the software to be installed. The arrow
512
will change color. Click <guilabel>Apply</guilabel> to start the
513
installation process.
519
KpackageKit might provide information about required dependencies. Acknowledge
520
this information, and the required packages will begin downloading. When the
521
installation process is complete, the software will be ready to use. It is
522
rarely necessary to restart the system after software installation or update.
527
KPackageKit provides an easy method to remove the software that is no longer
528
needed. To remove an application:
533
Start KpackageKit with <menuchoice><guimenu>Kickoff Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Software Management (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
539
Search for the application in the search box, and then click on the X in the
540
"Action" column next to the software title.
546
Click <guilabel>Apply</guilabel> and KPackageKit will remove the application.
553
<sect1 id="apt" status="complete">
557
<application><acronym>APT</acronym></application> (Advanced Packaging Tool) is a
558
powerful package management system, which is the basis for the graphical
559
<application>Software Management</application> application.
560
<application>APT</application> automatically handles dependencies and performs
561
other package operations that are required for package installation.
565
Running <application>APT</application> requires administrative privileges.
566
Entering commands with "sudo" generates a password prompt. Several of the
567
commands below will not run without sudo.
571
Common commands used with <application>APT</application> are:
575
<para>Installar de paquets : <screen>sudo apt-get install <emphasis>nom_del_paquet</emphasis></screen></para>
578
<para>Suprimir de paquets : <screen>sudo apt-get remove <emphasis>nom_del_paquet</emphasis></screen></para>
582
Remove package dependencies that are no longer needed:
583
<screen>sudo apt-get autoremove</screen>
587
<para>Cercar de paquets : <screen>apt-cache search <emphasis>mot clau</emphasis></screen></para>
591
Retrieve the current lists of available packages:
592
<screen>sudo apt-get update</screen>
597
Install the latest available updates for the applications currently installed:
598
<screen>sudo apt-get upgrade</screen>
602
<para>Far la lista de las comandas e de las opcions suplementàrias : <screen>apt-get help</screen></para>
607
For further information about the use of <application>APT</application>, read
608
the comprehensive <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">Debian APT User Manual</ulink>.
615
<sect1 id="aptitude" status="complete">
616
<title>Aptitude</title>
619
<application>Aptitude</application> is a command line front-end to
620
<application>APT</application>. <application>Aptitude</application> allows
621
for interactive package selection to remove, update or install packages.
622
<application>Aptitude</application> is an advanced package management system,
623
with more control and capability than <application>APT</application> as a
628
<!-- MANUAL INSTALLATION -->
629
<sect1 id="manual-install" status="complete">
630
<title>Installacion manuala</title>
633
Although the preferred method of installing programs is with the package
634
manager described in <xref linkend="kpackagekit"/>, individual software
635
package files can be downloaded and installed. Several kinds of package files
636
are available for Linux systems. Generally, these file types are associated with
637
the package managers of specific Linux distributions.
641
To install a particular application, it is preferable to select a <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>
642
package of the application, and install it with a package manager. This ensures
643
that the program is compatible with other software on the system. If there
644
is no version of the package available through a package manager, it may be
645
possible to install it manually. The installation procedure depends on the type
649
<sect2 id="debfile-install" status="complete">
650
<title>Installar/desinstallar de fichièrs .deb</title>
653
The package files associated with <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> have the <emphasis>.deb</emphasis>
654
suffix because of <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>'s close relationship with the Debian
655
GNU/Linux distribution. Individual <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> files can be
656
downloaded and installed. Administrative privileges are required to do this.
659
To install a .deb file, simply <mousebutton>Left</mousebutton> click on the
660
.deb file to initiate the installation process. A prompt will appear for a
661
password associated with the necessary administrative privilege.
665
<sect2 id="alien" status="complete">
666
<title>Convertir de fichièrs .rpm en fichièrs .deb</title>
669
Red Hat Package Manager files have the <emphasis>.rpm</emphasis>
670
suffix. It is not recommended that these be installed on a <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> system. In
671
almost all cases, a native <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> version of
672
the package is available. However, if necessary, an <emphasis>.rpm</emphasis>
673
file can be converted to a <emphasis>.deb</emphasis> package using a program
674
called <application>alien</application>.
677
<title>Installing Alien</title>
679
<para>Dobrissètz lo <application>gestionari de logicials</application> en anant dins l'<menuchoice><guimenu>Aviador d'aplicacion</guimenu><guisubmenu>Aplicacions</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Sistèma</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gestion dels logicials (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
683
Enter <userinput>alien</userinput> in the <guilabel>Search</guilabel> box
684
near the top of the window.
689
Locate the package named <application>alien</application> and
690
select it. Press the <guibutton>down arrow</guibutton> button. The arrow will
697
Press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> button, and
698
the <guibutton>Install Now</guibutton> button on the following screen. There
699
may be additional packages required to be installed as dependencies. If so,
700
click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
706
If prompted, enter the proper password and press <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
712
Once the installation has completed, close <application>Software
713
Management</application>.
718
<title>Utilizacion d'Alien</title>
720
<para>Dobrissètz <application>Konsole</application> en anant dins l'<menuchoice><guimenu>aviador d'aplicacions Kickoff</guimenu><guisubmenu>Aplicacions</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Sistèma</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
724
At the command prompt, type <userinput>sudo alien package_file.rpm</userinput>
725
and press the <keycap>Enter</keycap> key.
730
For more information on <application>alien</application>, type <userinput>man
731
alien</userinput> at the command prompt. When complete, press
732
<keycap>q</keycap> to exit.
738
<sect2 id="tarball-install" status="complete">
739
<title>Installar a partir del còde font</title>
742
Files with the <emphasis>.tar.gz</emphasis> or <emphasis>.tar.bz2</emphasis>
743
suffix are package files known as <emphasis>tarballs</emphasis> or
744
<emphasis>source</emphasis> packages which are widely used in Linux. If there is
745
no native <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> package available in any of the repositories, it may be
746
possible to compile and install the package from source. For tips on compiling
747
software, look at the <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilingSoftware">Compiling
748
Software</ulink> page on the Ubuntu Wiki.
753
<!-- EXTRA REPOSITORIES -->
754
<sect1 id="repos" status="complete">
755
<title>Gerir los depauses</title>
757
<sect2 id="repos-info" status="complete">
758
<title>De qué son los depauses ?</title>
761
Thousands of programs are freely available to install on <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>. These
762
programs are stored in software archives (<emphasis>repositories</emphasis>) and
763
are made available for installation over the Internet. This makes it easy
764
to install new programs in <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase>. It is also secure, because each
765
program is built specifically for <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> and is checked thoroughly before it
766
is installed. <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> repositories are categorized into four groups:
770
<listitem><para>Principal</para></listitem>
771
<listitem><para>Restrench</para></listitem>
772
<listitem><para>Univèrse</para></listitem>
773
<listitem><para>Multivèrse</para></listitem>
776
Two factors are used to determine categories:
781
The level of support that software development teams provide for a program
785
<para>Lo nivèl de conformitat d'aqueste programa a la <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">filosofia dels logicials liures</ulink></para>
789
More information about the Repositories is available on the <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">Ubuntu website</ulink>.
792
The standard <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> LiveCD contains some software from the
793
<emphasis>Main</emphasis> and <emphasis>Restricted</emphasis> categories. Once
794
a system has information about the Internet-based locations for these
795
repositories, more programs are available for installation. Using the
796
software package management tools installed by default, it is possible to
797
discover, install and update any piece of software directly over the Internet,
798
without the need for the LiveCD.
802
<sect2 id="repos-addremove" status="complete">
803
<title>Apondre o suprimir de depauses</title>
805
<para>Per activar de depauses suplementaris :</para>
808
<para>Dobrissètz lo <application>gestionari de logicials Kpackagekit</application> en anant dins l'<menuchoice><guimenu>Aviador d'aplicacions</guimenu><guisubmenu>Aplicacions</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Sistèma</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gestion dels logicials (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
814
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
815
<guimenuitem>Edit Software Sources</guimenuitem>
817
in the <application>Software Management</application> package manager window.
822
An administrative password is required in order to proceed.
828
Next, click on the <guilabel>Other Software</guilabel> tab. Existing
829
repositories can be enabled or disabled by checking the appropriate boxes
830
in the upper section. To add a new repository, click the
831
<guilabel>Add</guilabel> button.
837
Enter the repository address. The proper format is required, and looks similar
839
<screen>deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kubuntu-ppa/backports/ubuntu
846
After adding the repository, a prompt will appear to update the package list.
847
This will allow KPackageKit to find the newly available software.
853
To remove a repository, select it in <guilabel>Software Sources</guilabel>, and
854
press the <guibutton>Remove</guibutton> button. When the process is
855
complete, press the <guibutton>Close</guibutton> button.
863
<sect1 id="updating" status="complete">
864
<title>Mesa a jorn</title>
867
<phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> developers release feature and security updates for applications and
868
packages within the <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> system.
872
When updates become available, <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> will display a message in the System
873
Tray. To update the system, click the <guibutton>Review and Update</guibutton>
874
button, which will open KPackageKit. Click <guibutton>Select All
875
Updates</guibutton> and then <guibutton>Apply</guibutton>. <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> will
876
download and install the updates.
880
When <application>Software Management</application> has finished updating,
881
close the window by clicking the <guibutton>Okay</guibutton> button.
884
<para>After installing some updates, it may be necessary to restart the
885
computer. If so, <phrase>Kubuntu</phrase> will display a pop-up and an icon in the System
894
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kate: space-indent on; indent-width 2; tab-width 2; indent-mode none;
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