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:mod:`stat` --- Interpreting :func:`stat` results
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=================================================
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:synopsis: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat().
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.. sectionauthor:: Skip Montanaro <skip@automatrix.com>
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The :mod:`stat` module defines constants and functions for interpreting the
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results of :func:`os.stat`, :func:`os.fstat` and :func:`os.lstat` (if they
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exist). For complete details about the :cfunc:`stat`, :cfunc:`fstat` and
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:cfunc:`lstat` calls, consult the documentation for your system.
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The :mod:`stat` module defines the following functions to test for specific file
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.. function:: S_ISDIR(mode)
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Return non-zero if the mode is from a directory.
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.. function:: S_ISCHR(mode)
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Return non-zero if the mode is from a character special device file.
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.. function:: S_ISBLK(mode)
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Return non-zero if the mode is from a block special device file.
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.. function:: S_ISREG(mode)
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Return non-zero if the mode is from a regular file.
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.. function:: S_ISFIFO(mode)
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Return non-zero if the mode is from a FIFO (named pipe).
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.. function:: S_ISLNK(mode)
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Return non-zero if the mode is from a symbolic link.
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.. function:: S_ISSOCK(mode)
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Return non-zero if the mode is from a socket.
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Two additional functions are defined for more general manipulation of the file's
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.. function:: S_IMODE(mode)
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Return the portion of the file's mode that can be set by :func:`os.chmod`\
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---that is, the file's permission bits, plus the sticky bit, set-group-id, and
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set-user-id bits (on systems that support them).
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.. function:: S_IFMT(mode)
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Return the portion of the file's mode that describes the file type (used by the
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:func:`S_IS\*` functions above).
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Normally, you would use the :func:`os.path.is\*` functions for testing the type
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of a file; the functions here are useful when you are doing multiple tests of
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the same file and wish to avoid the overhead of the :cfunc:`stat` system call
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for each test. These are also useful when checking for information about a file
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that isn't handled by :mod:`os.path`, like the tests for block and character
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All the variables below are simply symbolic indexes into the 10-tuple returned
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by :func:`os.stat`, :func:`os.fstat` or :func:`os.lstat`.
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Inode protection mode.
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Device inode resides on.
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Number of links to the inode.
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User id of the owner.
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Group id of the owner.
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Size in bytes of a plain file; amount of data waiting on some special files.
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Time of last modification.
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The "ctime" as reported by the operating system. On some systems (like Unix) is
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the time of the last metadata change, and, on others (like Windows), is the
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creation time (see platform documentation for details).
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The interpretation of "file size" changes according to the file type. For plain
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files this is the size of the file in bytes. For FIFOs and sockets under most
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flavors of Unix (including Linux in particular), the "size" is the number of
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bytes waiting to be read at the time of the call to :func:`os.stat`,
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:func:`os.fstat`, or :func:`os.lstat`; this can sometimes be useful, especially
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for polling one of these special files after a non-blocking open. The meaning
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of the size field for other character and block devices varies more, depending
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on the implementation of the underlying system call.
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def walktree(top, callback):
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'''recursively descend the directory tree rooted at top,
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calling the callback function for each regular file'''
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for f in os.listdir(top):
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pathname = os.path.join(top, f)
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mode = os.stat(pathname)[ST_MODE]
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# It's a directory, recurse into it
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walktree(pathname, callback)
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# It's a file, call the callback function
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# Unknown file type, print a message
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print 'Skipping %s' % pathname
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print 'visiting', file
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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walktree(sys.argv[1], visitfile)