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.\" Title: sources.list
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.\" Author: Jason Gunthorpe
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.78.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 18\ \&January\ \&2014
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.TH "SOURCES\&.LIST" "5" "18\ \&January\ \&2014" "APT 1.0.8" "APT"
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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sources.list \- List of configured APT data sources
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/etc/apt/sources\&.list
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is designed to support any number of active sources and a variety of source media\&. The file lists one source per line, with the most preferred source listed first\&. The information available from the configured sources is acquired by
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(or by an equivalent command from another APT front\-end)\&.
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Each line specifying a source starts with type (e\&.g\&.
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deb\-src) followed by options and arguments for this type\&. Individual entries cannot be continued onto a following line\&. Empty lines are ignored, and a
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character anywhere on a line marks the remainder of that line as a comment\&.
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/etc/apt/sources\&.list\&.d
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directory provides a way to add sources\&.list entries in separate files\&. The format is the same as for the regular
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file\&. File names need to end with
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and may only contain letters (a\-z and A\-Z), digits (0\-9), underscore (_), hyphen (\-) and period (\&.) characters\&. Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file, unless that file matches a pattern in the
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Dir::Ignore\-Files\-Silently
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configuration list \- in which case it will be silently ignored\&.
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.SH "THE DEB AND DEB-SRC TYPES"
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type references a typical two\-level Debian archive,
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distribution/component\&. The
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is generally an archive name like
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while component is one of
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type references a Debian distribution\*(Aqs source code in the same form as the
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line is required to fetch source indexes\&.
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deb [ options ] uri suite [component1] [component2] [\&.\&.\&.]
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Alternatively a rfc822 style format is also supported:
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URIs: http://example\&.com
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Suites: stable testing
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Sections: component1 component2
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[option1]: [option1\-value]
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URIs: http://another\&.example\&.com
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Sections: component1 component2
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[option1]: [option1\-value]
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type must specify the base of the Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs\&.
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can specify an exact path, in which case the components must be omitted and
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must end with a slash (/)\&. This is useful for the case when only a particular sub\-section of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest\&. If
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does not specify an exact path, at least one
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may also contain a variable,
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which expands to the Debian architecture (such as
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armel) used on the system\&. This permits architecture\-independent
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files to be used\&. In general this is only of interest when specifying an exact path,
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will automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise\&.
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In the traditional style sources\&.list format since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available distributions or components at that location is desired\&. APT will sort the URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, close it, do something else, and then re\-establish a connection to that same host\&. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the number of simultaneous anonymous users\&. APT also parallelizes connections to different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth\&.
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is always optional and needs to be surrounded by square brackets\&. It can consist of multiple settings in the form
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\fIsetting\fR=\fIvalue\fR\&. Multiple settings are separated by spaces\&. The following settings are supported by APT (note however that unsupported settings will be ignored silently):
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arch=\fIarch1\fR,\fIarch2\fR,\&...
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can be used to specify for which architectures information should be downloaded\&. If this option is not set all architectures defined by the
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option will be downloaded\&.
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arch+=\fIarch1\fR,\fIarch2\fR,\&...
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arch\-=\fIarch1\fR,\fIarch2\fR,\&...
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which can be used to add/remove architectures from the set which will be downloaded\&.
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can be set to indicate that packages from this source are always authenticated even if the
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file is not signed or the signature can\*(Aqt be checked\&. This disables parts of
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and should therefore only be used in a local and trusted context\&.
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is the opposite which handles even correctly authenticated sources as not authenticated\&.
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It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most preferred source listed first\&. Typically this will result in sorting by speed from fastest to slowest (CD\-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, followed by distant Internet hosts, for example)\&.
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deb http://ftp\&.debian\&.org/debian wheezy main contrib non\-free
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deb http://security\&.debian\&.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non\-free
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.SH "URI SPECIFICATION"
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The currently recognized URI types are:
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The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be considered an archive\&. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or archives\&.
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The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CD\-ROM drive with media swapping\&. Use the
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program to create cdrom entries in the source list\&.
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The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive\&. If an environment variable
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is set with the format http://server:port/, the proxy server specified in
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will be used\&. Users of authenticated HTTP/1\&.1 proxies may use a string of the format http://user:pass@server:port/\&. Note that this is an insecure method of authentication\&.
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The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive\&. APT\*(Aqs FTP behavior is highly configurable; for more information see the
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manual page\&. Please note that an FTP proxy can be specified by using the
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environment variable\&. It is possible to specify an HTTP proxy (HTTP proxy servers often understand FTP URLs) using this environment variable and
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this environment variable\&. Proxies using HTTP specified in the configuration file will be ignored\&.
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The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location\&. This is useful for people using removable media to copy files around with APT\&.
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The rsh/ssh method invokes RSH/SSH to connect to a remote host and access the files as a given user\&. Prior configuration of rhosts or RSA keys is recommended\&. The standard
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commands are used to perform the file transfers from the remote host\&.
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adding more recognizable URI types
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APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages, which should follow the naming scheme
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apt\-transport\-\fImethod\fR\&. For instance, the APT team also maintains the package
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apt\-transport\-https, which provides access methods for HTTPS URIs with features similar to the http method\&. Methods for using e\&.g\&. debtorrent are also available \- see
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\fBapt-transport-debtorrent\fR(1)\&.
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Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non\-free\&.
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deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non\-free
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As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution\&.
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deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non\-free
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Source line for the above
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deb\-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non\-free
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The first line gets package information for the architectures in
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while the second always retrieves
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deb http://ftp\&.debian\&.org/debian wheezy main
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deb [ arch=amd64,armel ] http://ftp\&.debian\&.org/debian wheezy main
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Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive\&.debian\&.org, and uses only the hamm/main area\&.
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deb http://archive\&.debian\&.org/debian\-archive hamm main
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Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp\&.debian\&.org, under the debian directory, and uses only the wheezy/contrib area\&.
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deb ftp://ftp\&.debian\&.org/debian wheezy contrib
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Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp\&.debian\&.org, under the debian directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area\&. If this line appears as well as the one in the previous example in
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a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines\&.
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deb ftp://ftp\&.debian\&.org/debian unstable contrib
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Uses HTTP to access the archive at ftp\&.tlh\&.debian\&.org, under the universe directory, and uses only files found under
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unstable/binary\-i386
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unstable/binary\-amd64
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on amd64, and so forth for other supported architectures\&. [Note this example only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; official debian archives are not structured like this]
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deb http://ftp\&.tlh\&.debian\&.org/universe unstable/binary\-$(ARCH)/
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\fBapt-cache\fR(8)\fBapt.conf\fR(5)
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\m[blue]\fBAPT bug page\fR\m[]\&\s-2\u[1]\d\s+2\&. If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see
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/usr/share/doc/debian/bug\-reporting\&.txt
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\fBJason Gunthorpe\fR
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\%http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt