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/* origin: FreeBSD /usr/src/lib/msun/src/s_expm1f.c */
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* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
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* ====================================================
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* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
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* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
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* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
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* ====================================================
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o_threshold = 8.8721679688e+01, /* 0x42b17180 */
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ln2_hi = 6.9313812256e-01, /* 0x3f317180 */
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ln2_lo = 9.0580006145e-06, /* 0x3717f7d1 */
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invln2 = 1.4426950216e+00, /* 0x3fb8aa3b */
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* Domain [-0.34568, 0.34568], range ~[-6.694e-10, 6.696e-10]:
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* |6 / x * (1 + 2 * (1 / (exp(x) - 1) - 1 / x)) - q(x)| < 2**-30.04
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* Scaled coefficients: Qn_here = 2**n * Qn_for_q (see s_expm1.c):
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Q1 = -3.3333212137e-2, /* -0x888868.0p-28 */
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Q2 = 1.5807170421e-3; /* 0xcf3010.0p-33 */
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float y,hi,lo,c,t,e,hxs,hfx,r1,twopk;
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GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx, x);
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xsb = hx&0x80000000; /* sign bit of x */
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hx &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
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/* filter out huge and non-finite argument */
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if (hx >= 0x4195b844) { /* if |x|>=27*ln2 */
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if (hx >= 0x42b17218) { /* if |x|>=88.721... */
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if (hx > 0x7f800000) /* NaN */
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if (hx == 0x7f800000) /* exp(+-inf)={inf,-1} */
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return xsb==0 ? x : -1.0;
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return huge*huge; /* overflow */
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if (xsb != 0) { /* x < -27*ln2 */
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return tiny-1.0f; /* return -1 */
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/* argument reduction */
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if (hx > 0x3eb17218) { /* if |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
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if (hx < 0x3F851592) { /* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
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k = invln2*x + (xsb==0 ? 0.5f : -0.5f);
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hi = x - t*ln2_hi; /* t*ln2_hi is exact here */
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STRICT_ASSIGN(float, x, hi - lo);
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} else if (hx < 0x33000000) { /* when |x|<2**-25, return x */
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t = huge+x; /* return x with inexact flags when x!=0 */
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return x - (t-(huge+x));
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/* x is now in primary range */
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r1 = 1.0f+hxs*(Q1+hxs*Q2);
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e = hxs*((r1-t)/(6.0f - x*t));
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if (k == 0) /* c is 0 */
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SET_FLOAT_WORD(twopk, 0x3f800000+(k<<23)); /* 2^k */
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return 0.5f*(x-e) - 0.5f;
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return -2.0f*(e-(x+0.5f));
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return 1.0f + 2.0f*(x-e);
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if (k <= -2 || k > 56) { /* suffice to return exp(x)-1 */
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SET_FLOAT_WORD(t, 0x3f800000 - (0x1000000>>k)); /* t=1-2^-k */
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SET_FLOAT_WORD(t, (0x7f-k)<<23); /* 2^-k */