~ubuntu-core-doc/kubuntu-docs/jaunty

<!-- APLICATION LAUNCHER MENUS

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This will help us shorten the amount of typing we have to do for adding new

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menu items. It is pretty straight forward.

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--><!ENTITY mal "<guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu>">

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<!ENTITY malapp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Applications</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY malfav "&mal;<guisubmenu>Favorites</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY malcmp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Computer</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY maluse "&mal;<guisubmenu>Recently Used</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY mallve "&mal;<guisubmenu>Leave</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY maldev "&mal;<guisubmenu>Development</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY maledu "&mal;<guisubmenu>Education</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY malgms "&mal;<guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY malgrp "&mal;<guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY malnet "&mal;<guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY malmmd "&mal;<guisubmenu>Multimedia</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY maloff "&mal;<guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY malset "&mal;<guisubmenu>Settings</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY malsys "&mal;<guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY malutl "&mal;<guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu>">

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<!ENTITY menuhelp "<menuchoice>&malapp;<guimenuitem>Help</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menueclipse "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Eclipse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menugambas "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukdevelop "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menumonodev "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menumonodoc "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuqt4designer "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Qt4 Designer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menudevhelp "<menuchoice>&maldev;<guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menusysset "<menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu>

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<guisubmenu>Favorites</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menudigikam "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Photo Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menugimp "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Gimp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menugwenview "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuinkscape "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Inkscape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukooka "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scan & OCR Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukpdf "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>PDF Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukrita "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Painting and Image Editing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuksnap "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Screen Capture Program</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuscribus "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuoodraw "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Drawing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menublender "<menuchoice>&malgrp;<guimenuitem>Blender</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menubluechat "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menublueobex "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Bluetooth OBEX Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuff "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuknetmgr "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Network Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukonqi "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukonv "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukopete "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Instant Messager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukppp "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Internet Dial-Up Tool</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukrdc "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Remote Desktop Connection</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukrfb "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Desktop Sharing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuktorrent "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>BitTorrent Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuakregator "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>Akregator - RSS Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuquassel "<menuchoice>&malnet;<guimenuitem>IRC Client (Quassel IRC)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuk3b "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>CD & DVD Burning (K3b)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuamarok "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Music Player (Amarok)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menudragon "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Video Player (Dragon)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukino "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Kino</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuaudacity "<menuchoice>&malmmd;<guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukontact "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Personal Information Manager (Kontact)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuooimpress "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Presentation (OpenOffice.org Presentation)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuoocalc "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Spreadsheet (OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuoowriter "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>Word Processor (OpenOffice.org Word Processor)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukmymoney "<menuchoice>&maloff;<guimenuitem>KMyMoney2</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuadept "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Adept)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukpackagekit "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Software Management (KPackageKit)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukonsole "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuqtparted "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Partition Manager (QtParted)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuar "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Package Manager (Add/Remove)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukuser "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>User Manager (KUser)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menuhardwaredrivers "<menuchoice>&malsys;<guimenuitem>Hardware Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukaramba "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>SuperKaramba</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukate "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>Advanced Text Editor (Kate)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menukeep "<menuchoice>&malutl;<guimenuitem>Keep</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menulogout "<menuchoice>&mallve;<guimenuitem>Logout (End Session)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY menulock "<menuchoice>&mallve;<guimenuitem>Lock (Lock the screen)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">

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<!ENTITY a_l_apps '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications</title>

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</imageobject></mediaobject></example>'>

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<!ENTITY a_l_apps_dev '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Development</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_apps_graphics '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Graphics</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_apps_internet '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Internet</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_apps_multi '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Multimedia</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_apps_office '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Office</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_apps_settings '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Settings</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_apps_system '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - System</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_apps_utils '<example><title>Application Launcher - Applications - Utilities</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_computer '<example><title>Application Launcher - Computer</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_favs '<example><title>Application Launcher - Favorites</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_leave '<example><title>Application Launcher - Leave</title>

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<!ENTITY a_l_used '<example><title>Application Launcher - Recently Used</title>

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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf1 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>">

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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf2 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>">

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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf3 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo>">

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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf4 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F4</keycap></keycombo>">

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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf5 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F5</keycap></keycombo>">

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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf6 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>">

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<!ENTITY ctrlaltf7 "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo>">

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<!ENTITY ctrlaltbkspc "<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap></keycombo>">

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<!ENTITY % kde-general SYSTEM "/usr/share/apps/ksgmltools2/customization/obsolete/general.entities">

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<!--

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KDE general entities for DocBook as used in the KDE documentation

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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

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modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License

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as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2

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of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

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GNU General Public License for more details.

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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

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along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

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Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.

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Send suggestions, comments, etc. to the KDE docbook list

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<kde-docbook@kde.org>.

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USAGE

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Refer to this file as

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"-//KDE//ENTITIES DocBook XML General Entity Declarations V1.1//EN"

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This file contains what dbgenent.mod should contain and is read

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after all other files just like dbgenent.mod should be.

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--><!-- Legal texts we put in a specific place

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so that we don't need to cut'n'paste them to every doc

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--><!ENTITY GPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA SGML>

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<!ENTITY GPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License V2//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" NDATA linespecific>

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<!ENTITY GPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/gpl-notice.docbook">

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<!ENTITY LGPL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA SGML>

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<!ENTITY LGPL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License V2.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html" NDATA linespecific>

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<!ENTITY LGPLNotice PUBLIC "-//KDE//DOCUMENT GNU Lesser General Public License Notice//EN" "../en/entities/lgpl-notice.docbook">

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<!ENTITY FDL-html PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1 (HTML)//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA SGML>

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<!ENTITY FDL PUBLIC "-//GNU//DOCUMENT GNU Free Documentation License V1.1//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" NDATA linespecific>

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<!-- KDE index generation

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Set addindex to IGNORE to stop index generation

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Indices are generated on the fly, so no intermediate file is needed

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--><!ENTITY % addindex "INCLUDE">

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<!ENTITY documentation.index "<index></index>">

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<!ENTITY % FDLIS "IGNORE">

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<!ENTITY % FDLFCT "IGNORE">

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<!ENTITY % FDLBCT "IGNORE">

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<!-- These are the language-independent entities. They can be (more

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or less) freely extended. Keep this list sorted and sensible.

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Make sure you always add full markup to the text.

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Naming policy: name the entity like you would see the text

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(inclusive case). KDE entities are always lowercased. Spaces

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are omitted. Examples: Qt (for "Qt"), RedHat (for "Red Hat"),

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kfloppy (for "KFloppy") . (Entity names cannot start with digits,

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in that case, use the written form for the first digit.)

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DO NOT JUST RENAME ENTITIES! That implies removal of an existing

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entity and that may change the validity of documents, which must

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not happen. Place the name you wish to remove in the list of

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obsolete entities (depending on the case, the expansion is

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redefined or kept as it was); the new name goes in the official list.

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A later version of the DTD (with another version number!) will

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effectively remove these entities. In that way, old documents

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remain valid, while new ones can only use the new declarations.

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--><!ENTITY AIX "<trademark class='registered'>AIX</trademark>">

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<!ENTITY aktion "<application>aKtion</application>">

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<!ENTITY amor "<application>AMOR</application>">

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<!ENTITY ark "<application>Ark</application>">

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<!ENTITY arts "<application>aRts</application>">

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<!ENTITY arts-builder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">

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<!ENTITY artscontrol "<application>artscontrol</application>">

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<!ENTITY artsd "<application>artsd</application>">

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<!ENTITY artsdsp "<application>artsdsp</application>">

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<!ENTITY artsserver "<application>artsserver</application>">

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<!ENTITY artsshell "<application>artsshell</application>">

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<!ENTITY artswrapper "<application>artswrapper</application>">

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<!ENTITY ATAPI "<acronym>ATAPI</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY atlantik "<application>Atlantik</application>">

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<!ENTITY brahms "<application>Brahms</application>">

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<!ENTITY catalogmanager "<application>Catalog Manager</application>">

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<!ENTITY CD "<acronym>CD</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY CDE "<acronym>CDE</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY CD-ROM "<acronym>CD-ROM</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY cervisia "<application>Cervisia</application>">

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<!ENTITY CSS "<trademark>CSS</trademark>">

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<!ENTITY CUPS "<acronym>CUPS</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY drkonqi "<application>DrKonqi</application>">

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<!ENTITY DCOP "<acronym>DCOP</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY DVI "<acronym>DVI</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY ELF "<acronym>ELF</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY Emacs "<application>Emacs</application>">

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<!ENTITY flashkard "<application>FlashKard</application>">

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<!ENTITY FTP "<acronym>FTP</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY gcc "<command>gcc</command>">

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<!ENTITY GIF "<acronym>GIF</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY GMT "<acronym>GMT</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY GNU "<acronym>GNU</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY GUI "<acronym>GUI</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY Handspring "<trademark>Handspring</trademark>">

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<!ENTITY Hewlett-Packard '<trademark class="registered">Hewlett-Packard</trademark>'>

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<!ENTITY HotSync '<trademark class="registered">HotSync</trademark>'>

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<!ENTITY HP '<trademark class="registered">HP</trademark>'>

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<!ENTITY HP-UX '<trademark class="registered">HP-UX</trademark>'>

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<!ENTITY HTTP "<acronym>HTTP</acronym>">

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<!ENTITY IRIX '<trademark class="registered">IRIX</trademark>'>

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<!ENTITY Java "<trademark>Java</trademark>">

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<!ENTITY Jini "<trademark>Jini</trademark>">

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<!ENTITY kab2 "<application>Kab2</application>">

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<!ENTITY kenolaba "<application>Kenolaba</application>">

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<!ENTITY kaboodle "<application>Kaboodle</application>">

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<!ENTITY kaddressbook "<application>KAddressBook</application>">

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<!ENTITY kalarm "<application>KAlarm</application>">

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<!ENTITY kalarmd "<application>KAlarmd</application>">

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<!ENTITY kalzium "<application>Kalzium</application>">

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<!ENTITY kamera "<application>Kamera</application>">

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<!ENTITY kandy "<application>Kandy</application>">

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<!ENTITY kappfinder "<application>Kappfinder</application>">

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<!ENTITY kaphorism "<application>KAphorism</application>">

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<!ENTITY karm "<application>KArm</application>">

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<!ENTITY kasteroids "<application>KAsteroids</application>">

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<!ENTITY kate "<application>Kate</application>">

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<!ENTITY katomic "<application>KAtomic</application>">

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<!ENTITY kbabel "<application>KBabel</application>">

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<!ENTITY kbabeldict "<application>KBabelDict</application>">

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<!ENTITY kbackgammon "<application>KBackgammon</application>">

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<!ENTITY kbattleship "<application>KBattleship</application>">

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<!ENTITY kbiff "<application>KBiff</application>">

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<!ENTITY kblackbox "<application>KBlackbox</application>">

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<!ENTITY kbounce "<application>KBounce</application>">

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<!ENTITY kbugbuster "<application>kbugbuster</application>">

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<!ENTITY kcalc "<application>KCalc</application>">

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<!ENTITY kcharselect "<application>KCharSelect</application>">

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<!ENTITY kchart "<application>KChart</application>">

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<!ENTITY kchat "<application>KChat</application>">

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<!ENTITY kcontrol "<application>KControl</application>">

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<!ENTITY kcron "<application>KCron</application>">

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<!ENTITY kdat "<application>KDat</application>">

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<!ENTITY kdebugdialog "<application>KDebugDialog</application>">

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<!ENTITY kde-http '<ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">http://www.kde.org/</ulink>'>

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<!ENTITY kde-ftp '<ulink url="ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/">ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/</ulink>'>

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<!ENTITY kdepasswd "<application>kdepasswd</application>">

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<!ENTITY kdesktop "<application>KDesktop</application>">

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<!ENTITY kdessh "<application>kdessh</application>">

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<!ENTITY kdesu "<application>KDE su</application>">

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<!ENTITY kdiskfree "<application>KDiskFree</application>">

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<!ENTITY kdict "<application>KDict</application>">

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<!ENTITY kdm "<application>kdm</application>">

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<!ENTITY kdvi "<application>KDVI</application>">

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<!ENTITY kedit "<application>KEdit</application>">

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<!ENTITY keduca "<application>KEduca</application>">

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<!ENTITY keystone "<application>Keystone</application>">

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<!ENTITY kfax "<application>KFax</application>">

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<!ENTITY kfaxview "<application>Kfaxview</application>">

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<!ENTITY kfind "<application>KFind</application>">

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<!ENTITY kfloppy "<application>Kfloppy</application>">

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<!ENTITY kformula "<application>KFormula</application>">

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<!ENTITY kfouleggs "<application>KFoulEggs</application>">

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<!ENTITY kfract "<application>KFract</application>">

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<!ENTITY khangman "<application>KHangMan</application>">

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<!ENTITY kgeo "<application>KGeo</application>">

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<!ENTITY kghostview "<application>KGhostView</application>">

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<!ENTITY khelpcenter "<application>KHelpCenter</application>">

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<!ENTITY khexedit "<application>KHexEdit</application>">

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<!ENTITY kicker "<application>Kicker</application>">

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<!ENTITY kiconedit "<application>KIconEdit</application>">

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<!ENTITY kikbd "<application>kikbd</application>">

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<!ENTITY kit "<application>Kit</application>">

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<!ENTITY kiten "<application>Kiten</application>">

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<!ENTITY kivio "<application>Kivio</application>">

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<!ENTITY kjots "<application>KJots</application>">

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<!ENTITY kjumpingcube "<application>KJumpingCube</application>">

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<!ENTITY klaptop "<application>KLaptop</application>">

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<!ENTITY klatin "<application>KLatin</application>">

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<!ENTITY klettres "<application>KLettres</application>">

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<!ENTITY kolorlines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">

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<!ENTITY klipper "<application>Klipper</application>">

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<!ENTITY kljettool "<application>KLjettool</application>">

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<!ENTITY klpq "<application>Klpq</application>">

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<!ENTITY klprfax "<application>Klprfax</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmahjongg "<application>KMahjongg</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmail "<application>KMail</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmathtool "<application>KMathTool</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmenuedit "<application>kmenuedit</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmessedwords "<application>KMessedWords</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmid "<application>KMid</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmidi "<application>KMidi</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmines "<application>KMines</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmix "<application>KMix</application>">

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<!ENTITY kmplot "<application>KmPlot</application>">

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<!ENTITY knewsticker "<application>KNewsTicker</application>">

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<!ENTITY knode "<application>KNode</application>">

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<!ENTITY knotes "<application>KNotes</application>">

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<!ENTITY knorskverbs "<application>KNorskVerbs</application>">

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<!ENTITY kodometer "<application>KOdometer</application>">

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<!ENTITY koffice "<application>KOffice</application>">

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<!ENTITY kolf "<application>Kolf</application>">

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<!ENTITY kompare "<application>Kompare</application>">

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<!ENTITY koncd "<application>KOnCD</application>">

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<!ENTITY konqueror "<application>Konqueror</application>">

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<!ENTITY konquest "<application>Konquest</application>">

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<!ENTITY konsole "<application>Konsole</application>">

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<!ENTITY kontour "<application>Kontour</application>">

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<!ENTITY kooka "<application>Kooka</application>">

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<!ENTITY korganizer "<application>KOrganizer</application>">

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<!ENTITY korn "<application>KOrn</application>">

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<!ENTITY koshell "<application>KOShell</application>">

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<!ENTITY kotalkd "<application>KOTalkd</application>">

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<!ENTITY kpackage "<application>KPackage</application>">

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<!ENTITY kpager "<application>KPager</application>">

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<!ENTITY kpaint "<application>KPaint</application>">

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<!ENTITY kpanel "<application>KPanel</application>">

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<!ENTITY kpatience "<application>KPatience</application>">

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<!ENTITY kpercentage "<application>KPercentage</application>">

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<!ENTITY kpilot "<application>KPilot</application>">

618

<!ENTITY kpf "<application>kpf</application>">

619

<!ENTITY kpm "<application>Kpm</application>">

620

<!ENTITY kpresenter "<application>KPresenter</application>">

621

<!ENTITY kpoker "<application>KPoker</application>">

622

<!ENTITY kpovmodeler "<application>KPovModeler</application>">

623

<!ENTITY kppp "<application>KPPP</application>">

624

<!ENTITY kreatecd "<application>KreateCD</application>">

625

<!ENTITY krec "<application>KRec</application>">

626

<!ENTITY kregexpeditor "<application>KRegExpEditor</application>">

627

<!ENTITY kreversi "<application>KReversi</application>">

628

<!ENTITY krita "<application>Krita</application>">

629

<!ENTITY kruler "<application>KRuler</application>">

630

<!ENTITY ksame "<application>KSame</application>">

631

<!ENTITY kscd "<application>KsCD</application>">

632

<!ENTITY kscore "<application>KScore</application>">

633

<!ENTITY kscreensaver "<application>KScreensaver</application>">

634

<!ENTITY ksgmltools "<application>ksgmltools</application>">

635

<!ENTITY kshisen "<application>KShisen</application>">

636

<!ENTITY ksim "<application>KSim</application>">

637

<!ENTITY ksirc "<application>KSirc</application>">

638

<!ENTITY ksirtet "<application>KSirtet</application>">

639

<!ENTITY ksmiletris "<application>KSmiletris</application>">

640

<!ENTITY ksnake "<application>KSnake</application>">

641

<!ENTITY ksnapshot "<application>KSnapshot</application>">

642

<!ENTITY ksokoban "<application>KSokoban</application>">

643

<!ENTITY kspaceduel "<application>KSpaceDuel</application>">

644

<!ENTITY kspell "<application>KSpell</application>">

645

<!ENTITY kspread "<application>KSpread</application>">

646

<!ENTITY kstars "<application>KStars</application>">

647

<!ENTITY kstart "<application>kstart</application>">

648

<!ENTITY ksysctrl "<application>KSysctrl</application>">

649

<!ENTITY ksysguard "<application>KSysguard</application>">

650

<!ENTITY ksysv "<application>KSysV</application>">

651

<!ENTITY ktalk "<application>KTalk</application>">

652

<!ENTITY ktalkd "<application>KTalkd</application>">

653

<!ENTITY kteatime "<application>KTeaTime</application>">

654

<!ENTITY kthesaurus "<application>KThesaurus</application>">

655

<!ENTITY ktimemon "<application>KTimemon</application>">

656

<!ENTITY ktimer "<application>KTimer</application>">

657

<!ENTITY ktip "<application>KTip</application>">

658

<!ENTITY ktouch "<application>KTouch</application>">

659

<!ENTITY ktron "<application>KTron</application>">

660

<!ENTITY ktuberling "<application>KTuberling</application>">

661

<!ENTITY kugar "<application>Kugar</application>">

662

<!ENTITY kuickshow "<application>KuickShow</application>">

663

<!ENTITY kuser "<application>KUser</application>">

664

<!ENTITY kview "<application>KView</application>">

665

<!ENTITY kviewshell "<application>KViewshell</application>">

666

<!ENTITY kvoctrain "<application>KVocTrain</application>">

667

<!ENTITY kworldclock "<application>KWorldClock</application>">

668

<!ENTITY kword "<application>KWord</application>">

669

<!ENTITY kwin "<application>KWin</application>">

670

<!ENTITY k4wins "<application>K Four Wins</application>">

671

<!ENTITY kwrite "<application>KWrite</application>">

672

<!ENTITY kwuftpd "<application>kwuftpd</application>">

673

<!ENTITY LaserJet '<trademark class="registered">LaserJet</trademark>'>

674

<!ENTITY lisa "<application>Lisa</application>">

675

<!ENTITY Linux '<trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark>'>

676

<!ENTITY Linux-Mandrake "<trademark>Linux-Mandrake</trademark>">

677

<!ENTITY LinuxPPC "<trademark>LinuxPPC</trademark>">

678

<!ENTITY lskat "<application>Lskat</application>">

679

<!ENTITY LZW "<acronym>LZW</acronym>">

680

<!ENTITY Mac '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark>'>

681

<!ENTITY MacOS '<trademark class="registered">Mac</trademark> <acronym>OS</acronym>'>

682

<!ENTITY Mandrake "<trademark>Mandrake</trademark>">

683

<!ENTITY megami "<application>Megami</application>">

684

<!ENTITY Microsoft '<trademark class="registered">Microsoft</trademark>'>

685

<!ENTITY MIDI "<acronym>MIDI</acronym>">

686

<!ENTITY MIME "<acronym>MIME</acronym>">

687

<!ENTITY moonphase "<application>Moon Phase</application>">

688

<!ENTITY Motif '<trademark class="registered">Motif</trademark>'>

689

<!ENTITY MRU "<acronym>MRU</acronym>">

690

<!ENTITY MTU "<acronym>MTU</acronym>">

691

<!ENTITY MusiXTeX "<application>MusiXTeX</application>">

692

<!ENTITY Netscape '<trademark class="registered">Netscape</trademark>'>

693

<!ENTITY NeXTSTEP "<trademark>NeXTSTEP</trademark>">

694

<!ENTITY noatun "<application>Noatun</application>">

695

<!ENTITY PalmOS '<trademark class="registered">Palm OS</trademark>'>

696

<!ENTITY PalmPilot "<productname><trademark>PalmPilot</trademark></productname>">

697

<!ENTITY PMX "<application>PMX</application>">

698

<!ENTITY PostScript '<trademark class="registered">PostScript</trademark>'>

699

<!ENTITY PPP "<acronym>PPP</acronym>">

700

<!ENTITY quanta "<application>Quanta</application>">

701

<!ENTITY quantaplus "<application>Quanta Plus</application>">

702

<!ENTITY Qt "<trademark>Qt</trademark>">

703

<!ENTITY RedHat '<trademark class="registered">Red Hat</trademark>'>

704

<!ENTITY reslisa "<application>ResLisa</application>">

705

<!ENTITY Sendmail '<application><trademark class="registered">sendmail</trademark></application>'>

706

<!ENTITY SMTP "<acronym>SMTP</acronym>">

707

<!ENTITY SGI "<trademark>SGI</trademark>">

708

<!ENTITY Solaris "<trademark>Solaris</trademark>">

709

<!ENTITY SuSE '<acronym><trademark class="registered">SuSE</trademark></acronym>'>

710

<!ENTITY ThreeCom '<trademark class="registered">3Com</trademark>'>

711

<!ENTITY tkmidi "<application>tkmidi</application>">

712

<!ENTITY TrueType '<trademark class="registered">TrueType</trademark>'>

713

<!ENTITY UNIX '<trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark>'>

714

<!ENTITY URL "<acronym>URL</acronym>">

715

<!ENTITY URI "<acronym>URI</acronym>">

716

<!ENTITY Visor "<trademark>Visor</trademark>">

717

<!ENTITY windowmaker "<application>Window Maker</application>">

718

<!ENTITY Windows '<trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark>'>

719

<!ENTITY WordNet '<trademark class="registered">WordNet</trademark>'>

720

<!ENTITY Wordperfect '<application><trademark class="registered">WordPerfect</trademark></application>'>

721

<!ENTITY X-Server "<application>X-Server</application>">

722

<!ENTITY XEmacs "<application>XEmacs</application>">

723

<!ENTITY X-Window '<trademark class="registered">X Window System</trademark>'>

724

<!ENTITY XHTML "<trademark>XHTML</trademark>">

725

<!ENTITY XML "<trademark>XML</trademark>">

726

<!ENTITY XSL "<trademark>XSL</trademark>">

727

<!-- Defaults, do NOT add anything to this without checking with the docbook

728

team. --><!ENTITY package "This application isn't part of a KDE package">

729

<!ENTITY artsbuilder "<application>aRts-builder</application>">

730

<!ENTITY kdf "<application>KDiskFree</application>">

731

<!ENTITY klaptopdaemon "<application>KLaptop</application>">

732

<!ENTITY klines "<application>Kolor Lines</application>">

733

<!ENTITY kmoon "<application>Moon Phase</application>">

734

<!ENTITY kodo "<application>KOdometer</application>">

735

<!ENTITY kpat "<application>KPatience</application>">

736

<!ENTITY kwin4 "<application>K Four Wins</application>">

737

<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">

738

<!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?>

739

<!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

740

<!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED>

741

<!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml">

742

<!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED>

743

<!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED>

744

<!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED>

745

<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED>

746

<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED>

747

<!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY>

748

<!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

749

<!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include">

750

<!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include">

751

<!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include">

752

<!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include">

753

<!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include">

754

<!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include">

755

<!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'">

756

<!ENTITY language "en">

757

758

759

760

<title>מושגים בסיסיים</title>

761

762

763

<title>תודות ורישיון</title>

764

<para>מסמך זה מתוחזק על ידי צוות התיעוד של אובונטו (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). לרשימת התורמים, גש לכתובת <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/contributors.html">רשימת התורמים</ulink></para>

765

<para>המסמך זמין תחת רישיון ייחוס-שיתוף זהה 2.5 (CC-BY-SA)</para>

766

<para>אתה חופשי לשנות, להרחיב ולשפר את קוד המקור של תיעוד אובונטו תחת תנאי רישיון זה. כל העבודות הנגזרות חייבות להיות מופצות תחת רישיון זה.</para>

767

<para>תיעוד זה מופץ מתוך תקווה שיהיה מועיל, אך ללא שום אחריות; אפילו ללא האחריות המשתמעת או הנרמזת של "סחר" או של "התאמה למטרה ספציפית" כמתואר בהצהרה.</para>

768

<para>עותק של רישיון זה זמין כאן: <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/ccbysa.html">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>.</para>

769

</legalnotice>

770

771

772

<holder>קנוניקל בע"מ וחברי מייזם התיעוד של אובונטו</holder>

773

</copyright>

774

775

<publishername>פרויקט התיעוד של אובונטו</publishername>

776

</publisher>

777

778

779

<para>פרק זה מציג לפניך את הדברים הבסיסיים השימושיים בעבודה עם מערכת קובונטו</para>

780

</abstract>

781

</articleinfo>

782

783

784

785

<title>תיקיות ומערכות קבצים</title>

786

787

<para>בלינוקס וביוניקס, כל דבר הוא קובץ. ספריות הן קבצים, קבצים הם קבצים, וגם התקנים הם קבצים. להתקנים בדרך כלל מתייחסים כצמתים, אבל הם עדיין קבצים.</para>

788

789

<para>לינוקס ומערכת הקבצים של יוניקס מאורגנות באופן הירארכי דמוי-עץ.הדרגה הגבוהה ביותר במערכת הקבצים הינה-<filename>/</filename> או תיקיית השורש.כל שאר הקבצים והמחלקות מתקיימים תחת תיקיית השורש.

790

לדוגמא:<filename>/home/konqi/kubuntu.odt</filename> מראה את הנתיב הנכון והמלא או הנתיב המוחלט,לקובץ <filename>kubuntu.odt</filename> הקיים בתוך התיקייה -<filename>konqi</filename> הנמצאת תחת התיקייה <filename>home</filename> שקיימת תחת תיקיית השורש(<filename>/</filename>).</para>

791

792

<para>מתחת לתיקיית השורש (<filename>/</filename>) קיימות מספר תיקיות חשובות אשר נפוצות ברוב הפצות הלינוקס. להלן רשימה של תיקיות נפוצות אשר נמצאות ישירות מתחת לתיקיית השורש (<filename>/</filename>):</para>

793

794

795

796

797

<para>פקודות חשובות, אשר מבחינה היסטורית היו בינאריות (<emphasis>bin</emphasis>ary), אך ייתכנו גם פקודות מסוף.</para>

798

</listitem>

799

</varlistentry>

800

801

<varlistentry><term><filename>\אתחול</filename></term>

802

803

<para>קבצי קונפיגורציית <emphasis>Boot</emphasis>, קרנלים, וקבצים אחרים הנדרשים בזמן <emphasis>Boot</emphasis>.</para>

804

</listitem>

805

</varlistentry>

806

807

808

809

810

</listitem>

811

</varlistentry>

812

813

814

815

<para>

816

Configuration files, startup scripts, <emphasis>etc</emphasis>.

817

</para>

818

</listitem>

819

</varlistentry>

820

821

822

823

<para>ספריות<emphasis>Home</emphasis> (בית) למשתמשים שונים</para>

824

</listitem>

825

</varlistentry>

826

827

<varlistentry><term><filename>/initrd</filename></term>

828

829

<para>בשימוש כאשר יוצרים זיכרון דיסק ראשוני - <emphasis>init</emphasis>ial <emphasis>R</emphasis>AM <emphasis>D</emphasis>isk.</para>

830

</listitem>

831

</varlistentry>

832

833

834

835

<para>ספריות המערכת (<emphasis>lib</emphasis>raries).</para>

836

</listitem>

837

</varlistentry>

838

839

<varlistentry><term><filename>/lost+found</filename></term>

840

841

<para>מספק מערכת "אבידות ומציאות" (<emphasis>lost+found</emphasis>) לקבצים המצויים תחת תיקיית השורש (root - <filename>/</filename>).</para>

842

</listitem>

843

</varlistentry>

844

845

<varlistentry><term><filename>/media</filename></term>

846

847

<para>מדיה נשלפת כגון תקליטורים, מצלמות דיגיטליות וכו' הנטענים באופן אוטומטי.</para>

848

</listitem>

849

</varlistentry>

850

851

852

853

<para>מערכות קבצים בדיסק הקשיח הנטענות (<emphasis>m</emphasis>ou<emphasis>nt</emphasis>) ידנית.</para>

854

</listitem>

855

</varlistentry>

856

857

858

859

860

<para>מספק מקום להתקנת יישומים אופציונליים <emphasis>opt</emphasis>ional (צד שלישי); אלו בדרך כלל מהודרים סטטית וניתן להשתמש בהם בגירסאות או הפצות לינוקס אחרות.</para>

861

</listitem>

862

</varlistentry>

863

864

865

866

<para>תיקייה דינמית מיוחדת המחזיקה מידע על מצב המערכת, כולל תהליכים (<emphasis>proc</emphasis>esses) הרצים כעת.</para>

867

</listitem>

868

</varlistentry>

869

870

871

872

<para>תיקיית השורש (<emphasis>Root</emphasis>) של המשתמש, מבוטא באנגלית: "slash-root".</para>

873

</listitem>

874

</varlistentry>

875

876

877

878

879

<para>

880

Important <emphasis>s</emphasis>ystem <emphasis>bin</emphasis>aries and scripts,

881

usually intended to be run as the root user.

882

</para>

883

</listitem>

884

</varlistentry>

885

886

887

888

<para>יכול להכיל קבצים המשרתים (<emphasis>s</emphasis>e<emphasis>rv</emphasis>ed) מערכות אחרות.</para>

889

</listitem>

890

</varlistentry>

891

892

893

894

<para>דומה למערכת הקבצים /proc, אך מכילה מידע מערכת (<emphasis>sys</emphasis>tem information) אשר אינו קשור לתהליכים רצים.</para>

895

</listitem>

896

</varlistentry>

897

898

899

900

<para>קבצים זמניים (<emphasis>t</emphasis>e<emphasis>mp</emphasis>).</para>

901

</listitem>

902

</varlistentry>

903

904

905

906

<para>יישומים וקבצי קריאה-בלבד הנגישים ברובם לכל המשתמשים (<emphasis>us</emphasis>e<emphasis>r</emphasis>s).</para>

907

</listitem>

908

</varlistentry>

909

910

911

912

<para>קבצי משתנים (<emphasis>var</emphasis>iable) כגון רשומות ובסיסי נתונים.</para>

913

</listitem>

914

</varlistentry>

915

</variablelist>

916

917

</sect1>

918

919

920

921

<title>הרשאות</title>

922

923

<para>לכל הקבצים במערכת לינוקס ישנן הרשאות המאפשרות או מונעות צפייה, שינוי או הרצה על ידי משתמשים אחרים. למשתמש העל root יש את היכולת לגשת לכל קובץ במערכת. לכל קובץ יש הגבלות גישה, הגבלות משתמש, וייחוס בעלים/קבוצה.</para>

924

925

<para>כל קובץ מאובטח על ידי שלושת שכבות ההרשאה הבאות, מסודרות לפי חשיבות:</para>

926

927

928

<varlistentry><term>משתמש</term>

929

930

<para>מוחל על המשתמש המוגדר כבעלים של הקובץ</para>

931

</listitem>

932

</varlistentry>

933

934

<varlistentry><term>קבוצה</term>

935

936

<para>מוחל על הקבוצה המשוייכת לקובץ</para>

937

</listitem>

938

</varlistentry>

939

940

941

942

<para>מוחל על שאר המשתמשים</para>

943

</listitem>

944

</varlistentry>

945

</variablelist>

946

947

<para>

948

Inside each of the three sets of permissions are the actual permissions. The

949

permissions, along with the way they apply differently to files and directories,

950

are outlined below:

951

</para>

952

953

954

<varlistentry><term>קריאה</term>

955

956

<para>תוכן הקבצים או התקיות ניתן ל<emphasis>הצגה</emphasis> בלבד</para>

957

</listitem>

958

</varlistentry>

959

960

<varlistentry><term>כתיבה</term>

961

962

<para>תכולת קבצים או ספריות שניתן לעדכן או למחוק</para>

963

</listitem>

964

</varlistentry>

965

966

967

968

<para>קבצים שניתן להריץ או ספריות שניתן להכנס אליהן</para>

969

</listitem>

970

</varlistentry>

971

</variablelist>

972

973

<para>

974

To view and edit the permissions on files and directories, first open

975

<application>Konqueror</application> in file manager mode by selecting

976

<guilabel>Home Folder</guilabel> from the <guimenu>System Menu</guimenu> located

977

next to the <application>KMenu</application> icon in the bottom left corner of

978

your display. To display the dialog to allow permission editing,

979

<mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click on a file or directory, then select

980

<guimenu>Properties</guimenu>. The permissions are found under the

981

<guilabel>Permissions</guilabel> tab and allow for the editing of all

982

permission levels, if you are the owner of the file.

983

</para>

984

</sect1>

985

986

987

988

989

990

<para>

991

The root user in Linux is the user which has administrative access to your

992

system. Normal users do not have this access for security reasons.

993

Kubuntu does not enable the root user. Instead, administrative access is given

994

to individual users, who may use the "sudo" application to perform

995

administrative tasks. The first user account you created on your system during

996

installation will, by default, have access to sudo <emphasis>s</emphasis>uper

997

<emphasis>u</emphasis>ser <emphasis>do</emphasis>. You can restrict and enable

998

sudo access to users with the <application>Users and Groups</application>

999

application (review the <ulink type="help" url="help:/kubuntu/keeping-safe/">Keeping Safe</ulink> documentation for more

1000

information).

1001

</para>

1002

1003

<para>כאשר תפעיל יישום אשר יידרוש הרשאות root, sudo ייבקש ממך להכניס את הסיסמה שלך. זה מוודא שיישומים זדוניים לא יוכלו לפגוע במערכת שלך, ומהווה תזכורת שפעולות ניהוליות הולכות להתבצע מה שמצריך ממך להיזהר!</para>

1004

1005

<para>כדי להשתמש ב-sudo בשורת הפקודה, פשוט הקלידו "sudo" לפני הפקודה שאתם רוצים להפעיל. Sudo יבקש ממכם את הסיסמה שלכם.</para>

1006

1007

<para>sudo יזכור את הסיסמה שלך לזמן מסויים (ברירת המחדל הינה 15 דקות). תכונה זו נועדה לאפשר למשתמש לבצע מספר פעולות ניהוליות מבלי להקליד את הסיסמה כל פעם.</para>

1008

1009

1010

<para>היה זהיר בביצוע משימות ניהוליות -- פגיעה במערכת הינה אפשרות ממשית.</para>

1011

</warning>

1012

1013

<para>טיפים נוספים עבור שימוש ב-sudo:</para>

1014

1015

1016

1017

<para>כדי להשתמש במסוף בעל הרשאות root יש להקיש sudo -i בשורת הפקודה.</para>

1018

</listitem>

1019

1020

1021

<para>

1022

The entire group of default graphical configuration tools in Kubuntu already

1023

uses sudo, so you will be prompted for your password if needed using

1024

<application>kdesu</application>, which is a graphical frontend to

1025

<application>sudo</application>.

1026

</para>

1027

</listitem>

1028

1029

1030

<para>

1031

For more information on the <application>sudo</application> program and the

1032

absence of a root user in Kubuntu, read the <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">sudo

1033

page</ulink> on the Ubuntu wiki.

1034

</para>

1035

</listitem>

1036

</itemizedlist>

1037

1038

1039

<title>הפעל תכנית בצורה ידנית עם הרשאות root</title>

1040

1041

<para>לפעמים נדרש להריץ תכנית עם הרשאות root. ניתן לעשות לעשות זאת בקלות על ידי דיאלוג <application>הרץ פקודה</application></para>

1042

1043

1044

<para>היה זהיר בביצוע משימות ניהוליות -- פגיעה במערכת הינה אפשרות ממשית.</para>

1045

</warning>

1046

1047

1048

<step>

1049

<para>פתח את דיאלוג <application>הרץ פקודה</application> על ידי הקשת: <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo></para>

1050

</step>

1051

1052

<step>

1053

<para>הכנס את שם התוכנית שאותה רוצים להריץ, עם <emphasis>קידומת</emphasis> של <application>kdesu</application> ואז הקש <keycap>Enter</keycap>. לדוגמה כדי להריץ את מנהל הקבצים <application>Konqueror</application> עם הרשאות root , יש להקליד <screen>kdesu konqueror</screen></para>

1054

</step>

1055

</procedure>

1056

1057

</sect2>

1058

</sect1>

1059

1060

1061

1062

<title>ניהול משתמש</title>

1063

1064

<procedure><title>הוספת משתמש</title>

1065

<step>

1066

<para>

1067

Open <application>KUser</application>, http://www.kde.org/'s <guilabel>User Manager</guilabel> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>User Manager (KUser)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.

1068

</para>

1069

</step>

1070

<step>

1071

<para>

1072

If a dialog appears asking you for a password, enter your user password.

1073

</para>

1074

</step>

1075

<step>

1076

<para>

1077

<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> located in the top left hand corner of the window.

1078

</para>

1079

</step>

1080

<step>

1081

<para>

1082

Type the username for the new user.

1083

</para>

1084

</step>

1085

<step>

1086

<para>

1087

Enter the user's details in the dialog presented to you and create a password for the new user by selecting the <guilabel>Password Management</guilabel> tab located at the top of the window.

1088

<example><title>New User <guilabel>Details</guilabel></title>

1089

1090

1091

1092

</imageobject>

1093

</mediaobject>

1094

</example>

1095

<example><title>New User <guilabel>Password & Security</guilabel></title>

1096

1097

1098

1099

</imageobject>

1100

</mediaobject>

1101

</example>

1102

</para>

1103

</step>

1104

</procedure>

1105

1106

<procedure><title>הסרת משתמש</title>

1107

<step>

1108

<para>

1109

Open <application>Kuser</application> as noted in the previous procedure for adding a user.

1110

</para>

1111

</step>

1112

<step>

1113

<para>הדגש את המשתמש שברצונך למחוק.</para>

1114

</step>

1115

<step>

1116

<para>

1117

<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>Delete...</guibutton> button.

1118

</para>

1119

</step>

1120

<step>

1121

<para>

1122

When prompted with the <guilabel>Delete User</guilabel> dialog, you have two options:

1123

1124

1125

<para>

1126

<guilabel>Delete home folder: /home/username</guilabel> - this will remove

1127

the user's home directory, therefor clearing up space on your hard drive. If

1128

there is information you would like to backup, do so before deleting this

1129

directory.

1130

</para>

1131

</listitem>

1132

1133

<para>

1134

<guilabel>Delete mailbox: /var/mail/username</guilabel> - this will remove the

1135

user's mailbox.

1136

</para>

1137

</listitem>

1138

</itemizedlist>

1139

</para>

1140

</step>

1141

</procedure>

1142

1143

<procedure><title>שינוי סיסמת משתמש</title>

1144

<step>

1145

<para>

1146

Open <application>KUser</application> by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>User Manager (KUser)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.

1147

</para>

1148

</step>

1149

<step>

1150

<para>הדגש את המשתמש שברצונך לשנות את סיסמתו.</para>

1151

</step>

1152

<step>

1153

<para>

1154

<mousebutton>Click</mousebutton> on the <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> button if the dialog does not open immediately upon highling that user.

1155

</para>

1156

</step>

1157

<step>

1158

<para>

1159

After the <guilabel>User Properties</guilabel> dialog has opened,

1160

<mousebutton>click</mousebutton> the <guibutton>Set Password...</guibutton> button in the top right corner of the window. After entering in the new password, press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button to finish.

1161

</para>

1162

</step>

1163

</procedure>

1164

</sect1>

1165

1166

1167

1168

1169

1170

<para>

1171

Working at the command line is not as daunting a task as you would think. There

1172

is no special knowledge needed to use the command line as it is a program like

1173

everything else. Most things in Linux can be done using the command line.

1174

Although there are graphical tools for most programs, sometimes they are just

1175

not enough. This is where the command line comes in handy.

1176

</para>

1177

1178

<para>

1179

The terminal is often called the command prompt or the shell. In days gone by,

1180

this was the way the user interacted with the computer; however, Linux users

1181

have found that the use of the shell can be quicker than a graphical method and

1182

still holds some merit today. Here you will learn how to use the terminal.

1183

</para>

1184

1185

<para>

1186

The original use of the terminal was as a file browser, and indeed it is still

1187

used as a file browser. You can use the terminal as a file browser to navigate

1188

your files and undo the changes that have been made.

1189

</para>

1190

1191

1192

<title>הפעלת המסוף</title>

1193

1194

<para>

1195

The <application>Konsole</application> can be started by going to <menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.

1196

</para>

1197

</sect2>

1198

1199

1200

<title>פקודות נפוצות</title>

1201

1202

1203

<varlistentry><term>הצגת תיקיות: -ls</term>

1204

1205

<para>

1206

The <application>ls</application> (LiSt) lists files in different colors with

1207

full formatted text.

1208

</para>

1209

</listitem>

1210

</varlistentry>

1211

1212

<varlistentry><term>יצירת תיקיות: - mkdir (שם התיקייה)</term>

1213

1214

<para>הפקודה <application>mkdir</application> יוצרת תיקיות</para>

1215

</listitem>

1216

</varlistentry>

1217

1218

<varlistentry><term>Change Directories: - cd (/directory/location)</term>

1219

1220

<para>

1221

The <application>cd</application> (Change Directory) command will change from

1222

your current directory to any directory you specify.

1223

</para>

1224

</listitem>

1225

</varlistentry>

1226

1227

<varlistentry><term>העתקת קבצים/תיקיות: - cp (קובץ או תיקייה להעתקה) (קובץ או תיקיית יעד)</term>

1228

1229

<para>הפקודה <application>cp</application> תעתיק כל קובץ שתבחרו. הפקודה <application>cp -r</application> תעתיק כל תיקייה שתבחרו.</para>

1230

</listitem>

1231

</varlistentry>

1232

1233

<varlistentry><term>מחיקת קבצים/תיקיות: - rm (שם הקובץ או התיקייה)</term>

1234

1235

<para>

1236

The <application>rm</application> (ReMove) command will delete any filename you

1237

specify. The <application>rm -r</application> command will remove any directory

1238

you specify, and all its contents.

1239

</para>

1240

</listitem>

1241

</varlistentry>

1242

1243

<varlistentry><term>Move/Rename Files/Directories: - mv (file or directory

1244

name)</term>

1245

1246

<para>

1247

The <application>mv</application> (MoVe) command will move/rename any file or

1248

directory you specify.

1249

</para>

1250

</listitem>

1251

</varlistentry>

1252

1253

<varlistentry><term>מציאת קובץ/תיקייה: - locate (שם הקובץ או התיקייה)</term>

1254

1255

<para>

1256

The <application>locate</application> command will search for any filename you

1257

specify. It uses an index of the files on your system to work quickly. To update

1258

this index, run the command <application>sudo updatedb</application>. This

1259

command is run automatically each day if you leave your computer on. It needs to

1260

be run with administrative privileges (see <xref linkend="root-and-sudo"/>).

1261

</para>

1262

</listitem>

1263

</varlistentry>

1264

</variablelist>

1265

1266

<para>

1267

You can also use wildcards to match one or more files, such as "*" (for all

1268

files) or "?" (to match one character).

1269

</para>

1270

</sect2>

1271

1272

1273

<title>מעביר למצב מסוף</title>

1274

1275

<para>

1276

The usual method of command-line access in Kubuntu is to start a terminal (see

1277

<xref linkend="starting-konsole"/> above), however sometimes it is useful to

1278

switch to the real console:

1279

</para>

1280

1281

1282

<step>

1283

<para>

1284

Use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> shortcut keys to switch to the first console.

1285

</para>

1286

</step>

1287

1288

<step>

1289

<para>כדי לחזור לשולחן העבודה, לחצו על צירוף המקשים <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo>.</para>

1290

</step>

1291

</procedure>

1292

1293

<note>

1294

<para>There are six consoles available. Each one is accessible with the

1295

shortcut keys <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> to <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>.

1296

</para>

1297

</note>

1298

</sect2>

1299

1300

1301

<title>ביטול צפצוף במצב מסוף</title>

1302

1303

1304

<step>

1305

<para>

1306

Start a <application>Konsole</application> session, select by going to

1307

<menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>System</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal (Konsole)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.

1308

</para>

1309

</step>

1310

1311

<step>

1312

<para>

1313

Go to

1314

1315

<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>

1316

1317

1318

</menuchoice>

1319

to disable the system bell.

1320

</para>

1321

</step>

1322

</procedure>

1323

</sect2>

1324

</sect1>

1325

1326

1327

1328

<title>הפעל קובונטו מחדש ללא איתחול</title>

1329

1330

<para>

1331

Prior to your system having the ability to simply restart Kubuntu without rebooting, you will need to enable this option in <application>System Settings</application>. Go to <menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu>

1332

<guisubmenu>Favorites</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice> and then press the <guibutton>Display</guibutton> icon. At the very bottom of the window, just above the <guibutton>Help</guibutton>, <guibutton>Defaults</guibutton>, and <guibutton>Reset</guibutton> buttons, there is a checkbox. Make sure to select the checkbox that says <guilabel>Ctrl+Alt+Backspace restarts the xserver</guilabel>. Press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> to apply your changes. You will have to log out and then back in prior to this option takes into effect.

1333

</para>

1334

1335

<para>

1336

Once you have configured your system to allow this option, to simply restart Kubuntu, or the <productname>X Window System</productname>, simply press <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap>

1337

</keycombo>. This will take you to a blank screen momentarily and then bring

1338

you back to the login screen (<acronym>KDM</acronym>).

1339

</para>

1340

</sect1>

1341

1342

1343

1344

<title>עריכת טקסט</title>

1345

1346

<para>

1347

All of the configurations and settings in Linux are saved in text files. Even

1348

though you most often can edit configurations through the graphical interface,

1349

you may occasionally have to edit them by hand. <application>Kate</application>

1350

is the default Kubuntu text editor, which can be launched by going to

1351

<menuchoice><guimenu>Application Launcher</guimenu><guisubmenu>Utilities</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Advanced Text Editor (Kate)</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.

1352

</para>

1353

1354

<para>

1355

At times in this guide, <application>Kate</application> is run from the command

1356

line using <application>kdesu</application>, as most configuration files require

1357

root privileges to alter them. It is recommended that you also run

1358

<application>kdesu</application> from the command line when shown in this guide.

1359

</para>

1360

1361

<para>אם יש צורך בעורך טקסט משורת הפקודה, תוכלו להשתמש ב-<application>nano</application>, שהוא עורך טקסט פשוט. כשמפעילים את <application>nano</application> משורת הפקודה השתמשו תמיד בפקודה <screen>nano -w</screen>, שמבטיחה שהעורך לא יכניס שורות חדשות מיותרות לקובץ.</para>

1362

1363

<para>למידע נוסף לגבי אופן השימוש ב-<application>nano</application> פנה <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto"> למדריך אשר בוויקי </ulink>.</para>

1364

1365

<para>ישנם עורכים מבוססי-מסוף נוספים הזמינים בקובונטו, הנפוצים כוללים <application>VIM</application> וכן-<application>Emacs</application> (הביקורת בעד ונגד כל אחד גורמת לדיונים ערים בתוך קהילת לינוקס).

1366

עורכים אלו יותר מורכבים לשימוש מאשר <application>nano</application>,אך עם זאת יותר עוצמתיים.</para>

1367

</sect1>

1368

1369

</article>

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