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<TITLE>man page(1)</TITLE>
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<A HREF="#toc">Table of Contents</A><P>
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<H2><A NAME="sect0" HREF="#toc0">Name</A></H2>
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Network Audio System - a portable, network-transparent
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<H2><A NAME="sect1" HREF="#toc1"><B>Synopsis</B></A></H2>
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The Network Audio System service is a network-transparent
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system developed at Network Computing Devices for playing,
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recording, and manipulating audio data over a network. It
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uses the client/server model to separate application code
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from the software drivers needed to control specific audio
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input and output devices.
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<H2><A NAME="sect2" HREF="#toc2"><B>Description</B></A></H2>
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The Network Audio System service provides applications
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with the ability to send and receive audio data such as
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voice, sound effects, and music in a network environment.
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A audio server inside the desktop terminal or personal
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computer controls the various input and output devices in
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response to messages sent from client programs running on
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A variety of utility programs are provided that can be
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used to play or record audio using shell scripts or command-line
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procedures. More ambitious applications can
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communicate directly with the audio server using a C-language
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The Network Audio System service supports a variety of the
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common formats used to store sound data. Audio inputs and
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outputs can run at a any of a range of sampling rates.
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The audio server automatically converts all data to the
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designed format or rate.
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Streams of data from multiple inputs can be mixed together
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and directed to any attached output device. Sounds that
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are used many times can be stored in the server so that
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they do not need to be transmitted over the network each
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time they are played. Furthermore, inputs can be hooked
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directly to outputs (for example, a CD player can be connected
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to a set of speakers) so that data can be played
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without requiring any client intervention or network traffic.
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<H2><A NAME="sect3" HREF="#toc3"><B>Audio</B> <B>Server</B> <B>Names</B></A></H2>
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Each audio server has a name that is used by applications
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in establishing a connection. The format of the name
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depends upon the type of network being used. In TCP/IP
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environments, audio server names look like:
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tcp/<I>hostname</I>:<I>portnum</I>
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where <I>hostname</I> is the name or numeric IP address of the
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desktop machine to be contacted and <I>portnum</I> is the port
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number on which the server is listening. If the ``tcp/''
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prefix is not given, 8000 is automatically added to <I>port</I><B>_</B>n<I>um</I>
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so that the audio server name is compatible with the X
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Window System display name.
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In DECnet environments, audio server names look like:
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decnet/<I>nodename</I>::<I>num</I>
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where <I>nodename</I> is the name or numeric DECnet address of
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the desktop machine to be contacted and <I>num</I> is the DECnet
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task AUDIO$<I>num</I>. If the ``decnet/'' prefix is omitted, it
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is automatically added so that the audio server name is
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compatible with the X Window System display name.
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Most audio utilities accept a command line argument <I>-audio</I>
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<I>servername</I> for specifying the audio server to be contacted.
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% auinfo -audio tcp/ncdunit:8000
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If no server is specified on the command line, the
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AUDIOSERVER environment variable is checked to see if a
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name has been stored there. Otherwise, the DISPLAY environment
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variable used by X Window System applications is
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checked and the corresponding audio server is used.
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<H2><A NAME="sect4" HREF="#toc4"><B>Sample</B> <B>Programs</B></A></H2>
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Several sample programs that use the Network Audio System
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service are provided by NCD:
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<B>auplay</B> This program simply plays the files listed on its
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command line. It is typically used from shell
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scripts, command-line procedures, or other programs
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that just need to ``dump'' sound data to the
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<B>audemo</B> This program allows the user to select and play
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pre-recorded sound files or to record new sound
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files. It provides a simple control panel for
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dynamically changing the volume while a sound is
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being played and for aborting a sound.
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<B>audial</B> This program generates North American telephone
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touch tones correspond to a given string. <I>audial</I>
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can also recognize touch tones and produce the
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corresponding string.
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<B>autool</B> This program is compatible with the Sun <I>audiotool</I>
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program and is typically used to play prerecorded
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sound files. Unlike <I>auplay</I> it provides a graphical
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interface to allow the user to replay or cancel
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<B>auinfo</B> This program lists information describing the
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capabilities of an audio server.
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<B>auctl</B> This program can be used to change various device
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<B>auscope</B> This program is an audio protocol filter that can
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be used to view the network packets being sent
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between an application and an audio server.
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<B>aupanel</B> This program provides an X-based window-oriented
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interface allowing the user to adjust the
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attributes of the devices provided by the Network
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Audio System service.
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<B>auedit</B> This program provides an X-based window-oriented
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interface allowing the user to edit audio files.
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This program allows the user to perform various
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conversion operations on sound files.
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<B>auphone</B> This program provides an X-based window-oriented
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interface allowing two-way real time voice communication
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between two audio servers.
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This program is used to record audio data from an
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audio server into a file.
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<B>auwave</B> This program provides an X-based window-oriented
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interface demonstrating the use of waveform elements.
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<H2><A NAME="sect5" HREF="#toc5"><B>Audio</B> <B>Files</B></A></H2>
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The audio programming library and utility programs can be
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used to read and write files in any of the following file
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These files typically have a `.au' or `.snd' extension.
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They are usually produced by Sun or NeXT
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<B>Creative</B> <B>Labs</B><BR>
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These files typically have a `.voc' extension.
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They are usually produced by by Soundblaster audio
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cards on IBM PC compatible computers.
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<B>Microsoft</B> <B>WAVE</B><BR>
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These files typically have a `.wav' extension.
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They are usually produced by IBM PC compatible computers.
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<DT><B>AIFF</B></DT></DT>
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These files typically have an `.aiff' or `.aif'
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extension. They are usually produced by SGI workstations
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<B>Amiga</B> <B>IFF/8SVX</B><BR>
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These files typically have an `.iff' extension.
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Due to the nature of the file formats, only the Sun/NeXT
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file format can be piped through standard input and/or
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standard output. The convention for specifying standard
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input or standard output is to use a hyphen ("-") as the
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<H2><A NAME="sect6" HREF="#toc6"><B>Programming</B></A></H2>
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Application developers may create their own audio clients
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using the Network Audio System programming library.
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<H2><A NAME="sect7" HREF="#toc7"><B>Environment</B> <B>Variables</B></A></H2>
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The following environment variables are used by Network
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Audio System programs:
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<DT><B>AUDIOSERVER</B></DT></DT>
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This specifies the name of default audio server to
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contact if no name is explicitly given on the command
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<B>DISPLAY</B> This specifies the name of an X Window System display
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that should be assumed to also have a corresponding
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Network Audio System server.
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<H2><A NAME="sect8" HREF="#toc8"><B>See</B> <B>Also</B></A></H2>
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<A HREF="man:auplay(1)">auplay(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:audemo(1)">audemo(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:audial(1)">audial(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:autool(1)">autool(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:auinfo(1)">auinfo(1)</A>
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<A HREF="man:auctl(1)">auctl(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:auscope(1)">auscope(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:aupanel(1)">aupanel(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:auedit(1)">auedit(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:auconvert(1)">auconvert(1)</A>
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<A HREF="man:auphone(1)">auphone(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:aurecord(1)">aurecord(1)</A>
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, <A HREF="man:auwave(1)">auwave(1)</A>
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<I>Network</I> <I>Audio</I> <I>System</I> <I>Overview</I> <I>and</I> <I>Programmers</I> <I>Guide</I>
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<H2><A NAME="sect9" HREF="#toc9"><B>Copyright</B></A></H2>
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The following copyright and permission notice applies to
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all files in the Network Audio System application programming
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libraries and example programs provided in source
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form by Network Computing Devices:
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Copyright 1993, 1994 Network Computing Devices, Inc.
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Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
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software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
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granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
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notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
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notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
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documentation, and that the name Network Computing
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Devices, Inc. not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining
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to distribution of this software without specific,
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written prior permission.
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<DT>THIS SOFTWARE </DT></DT>
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<DD>IS PROVIDED `AS-IS'. NETWORK COMPUTING
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DEVICES, INC., DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
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THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ALL IMPLIED
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WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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PURPOSE, OR NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL NETWORK
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COMPUTING DEVICES, INC., BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER,
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INCLUDING SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
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INCLUDING LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS, EVEN IF
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ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF, AND REGARDLESS OF
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WHETHER IN AN ACTION IN CONTRACT, TORT OR NEGLIGENCE,
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ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
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<H2><A NAME="sect10" HREF="#toc10"><B>Trademarks</B></A></H2>
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NCD, NCD Display Station, and NCDware are all trademarks
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of Network Computing Devices, Inc.
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X Window System is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute
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<H2><A NAME="sect11" HREF="#toc11"><B>Authors</B></A></H2>
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Greg Renda, Jim Fulton, David Lemke
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<A NAME="toc"><B>Table of Contents</B></A><P>
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<LI><A NAME="toc0" HREF="#sect0">Name</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc1" HREF="#sect1">Synopsis</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc2" HREF="#sect2">Description</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc3" HREF="#sect3">Audio Server Names</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc4" HREF="#sect4">Sample Programs</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc5" HREF="#sect5">Audio Files</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc6" HREF="#sect6">Programming</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc7" HREF="#sect7">Environment Variables</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc8" HREF="#sect8">See Also</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc9" HREF="#sect9">Copyright</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc10" HREF="#sect10">Trademarks</A></LI>
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<LI><A NAME="toc11" HREF="#sect11">Authors</A></LI>
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