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* QEMU Executable loader
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* Copyright (c) 2006 Fabrice Bellard
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* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
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* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
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* Gunzip functionality in this file is derived from u-boot:
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* (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
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* (C) Copyright 2000-2005
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* Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
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* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
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* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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* GNU General Public License for more details.
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
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* with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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#include "disas/disas.h"
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#include "monitor/monitor.h"
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#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
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#include "uboot_image.h"
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#include "exec/memory.h"
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#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
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static int roms_loaded;
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/* return the size or -1 if error */
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int get_image_size(const char *filename)
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fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
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size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
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/* return the size or -1 if error */
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/* deprecated, because caller does not specify buffer size! */
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int load_image(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr)
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fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
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size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
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lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
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if (read(fd, addr, size) != size) {
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/* read()-like version */
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ssize_t read_targphys(const char *name,
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int fd, hwaddr dst_addr, size_t nbytes)
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buf = g_malloc(nbytes);
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did = read(fd, buf, nbytes);
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rom_add_blob_fixed("read", buf, did, dst_addr);
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/* return the size or -1 if error */
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int load_image_targphys(const char *filename,
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hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz)
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size = get_image_size(filename);
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rom_add_file_fixed(filename, addr, -1);
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void pstrcpy_targphys(const char *name, hwaddr dest, int buf_size,
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if (buf_size <= 0) return;
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nulp = memchr(source, 0, buf_size);
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rom_add_blob_fixed(name, source, (nulp - source) + 1, dest);
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rom_add_blob_fixed(name, source, buf_size, dest);
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ptr = rom_ptr(dest + buf_size - 1);
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uint32_t a_info; /* Use macros N_MAGIC, etc for access */
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uint32_t a_text; /* length of text, in bytes */
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uint32_t a_data; /* length of data, in bytes */
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uint32_t a_bss; /* length of uninitialized data area, in bytes */
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uint32_t a_syms; /* length of symbol table data in file, in bytes */
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uint32_t a_entry; /* start address */
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uint32_t a_trsize; /* length of relocation info for text, in bytes */
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uint32_t a_drsize; /* length of relocation info for data, in bytes */
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static void bswap_ahdr(struct exec *e)
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bswap32s(&e->a_info);
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bswap32s(&e->a_text);
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bswap32s(&e->a_data);
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bswap32s(&e->a_syms);
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bswap32s(&e->a_entry);
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bswap32s(&e->a_trsize);
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bswap32s(&e->a_drsize);
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#define N_MAGIC(exec) ((exec).a_info & 0xffff)
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#define _N_HDROFF(x) (1024 - sizeof (struct exec))
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#define N_TXTOFF(x) \
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(N_MAGIC(x) == ZMAGIC ? _N_HDROFF((x)) + sizeof (struct exec) : \
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(N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? 0 : sizeof (struct exec)))
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#define N_TXTADDR(x, target_page_size) (N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? target_page_size : 0)
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#define _N_SEGMENT_ROUND(x, target_page_size) (((x) + target_page_size - 1) & ~(target_page_size - 1))
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#define _N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size) (N_TXTADDR(x, target_page_size)+(x).a_text)
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#define N_DATADDR(x, target_page_size) \
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(N_MAGIC(x)==OMAGIC? (_N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size)) \
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: (_N_SEGMENT_ROUND (_N_TXTENDADDR(x, target_page_size), target_page_size)))
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int load_aout(const char *filename, hwaddr addr, int max_sz,
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int bswap_needed, hwaddr target_page_size)
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fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
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size = read(fd, &e, sizeof(e));
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if (e.a_text + e.a_data > max_sz)
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lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
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size = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr, e.a_text + e.a_data);
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if (N_DATADDR(e, target_page_size) + e.a_data > max_sz)
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lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
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size = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr, e.a_text);
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ret = read_targphys(filename, fd, addr + N_DATADDR(e, target_page_size),
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static void *load_at(int fd, int offset, int size)
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if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
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ptr = g_malloc(size);
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if (read(fd, ptr, size) != size) {
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#define ELF_CLASS ELFCLASS32
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#define elf_word uint32_t
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#define elf_sword int32_t
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#define bswapSZs bswap32s
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#define elfhdr elf64_hdr
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#define elf_phdr elf64_phdr
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#define elf_note elf64_note
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#define elf_shdr elf64_shdr
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#define elf_sym elf64_sym
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#define elf_word uint64_t
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#define elf_sword int64_t
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#define bswapSZs bswap64s
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/* return < 0 if error, otherwise the number of bytes loaded in memory */
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int load_elf(const char *filename, uint64_t (*translate_fn)(void *, uint64_t),
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void *translate_opaque, uint64_t *pentry, uint64_t *lowaddr,
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uint64_t *highaddr, int big_endian, int elf_machine, int clear_lsb)
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int fd, data_order, target_data_order, must_swab, ret;
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uint8_t e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
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fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
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if (read(fd, e_ident, sizeof(e_ident)) != sizeof(e_ident))
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if (e_ident[0] != ELFMAG0 ||
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e_ident[1] != ELFMAG1 ||
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e_ident[2] != ELFMAG2 ||
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e_ident[3] != ELFMAG3)
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#ifdef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
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data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
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data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
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must_swab = data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA];
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target_data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
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target_data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
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if (target_data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
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lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
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if (e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64) {
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ret = load_elf64(filename, fd, translate_fn, translate_opaque, must_swab,
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pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, elf_machine, clear_lsb);
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ret = load_elf32(filename, fd, translate_fn, translate_opaque, must_swab,
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pentry, lowaddr, highaddr, elf_machine, clear_lsb);
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static void bswap_uboot_header(uboot_image_header_t *hdr)
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#ifndef HOST_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
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bswap32s(&hdr->ih_magic);
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bswap32s(&hdr->ih_hcrc);
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bswap32s(&hdr->ih_time);
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bswap32s(&hdr->ih_size);
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bswap32s(&hdr->ih_load);
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bswap32s(&hdr->ih_ep);
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bswap32s(&hdr->ih_dcrc);
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#define ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT 16
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static void *zalloc(void *x, unsigned items, unsigned size)
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size = (size + ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1) & ~(ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1);
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static void zfree(void *x, void *addr)
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#define EXTRA_FIELD 4
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#define RESERVED 0xe0
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/* This is the usual maximum in uboot, so if a uImage overflows this, it would
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* overflow on real hardware too. */
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#define UBOOT_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES (64 << 20)
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static ssize_t gunzip(void *dst, size_t dstlen, uint8_t *src,
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if (src[2] != DEFLATED || (flags & RESERVED) != 0) {
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puts ("Error: Bad gzipped data\n");
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if ((flags & EXTRA_FIELD) != 0)
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i = 12 + src[10] + (src[11] << 8);
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if ((flags & ORIG_NAME) != 0)
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while (src[i++] != 0)
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if ((flags & COMMENT) != 0)
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while (src[i++] != 0)
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if ((flags & HEAD_CRC) != 0)
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puts ("Error: gunzip out of data in header\n");
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r = inflateInit2(&s, -MAX_WBITS);
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printf ("Error: inflateInit2() returned %d\n", r);
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s.avail_in = srclen - i;
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s.avail_out = dstlen;
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r = inflate(&s, Z_FINISH);
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if (r != Z_OK && r != Z_STREAM_END) {
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printf ("Error: inflate() returned %d\n", r);
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dstbytes = s.next_out - (unsigned char *) dst;
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/* Load a U-Boot image. */
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int load_uimage(const char *filename, hwaddr *ep,
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hwaddr *loadaddr, int *is_linux)
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uboot_image_header_t h;
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uboot_image_header_t *hdr = &h;
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uint8_t *data = NULL;
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fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
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size = read(fd, hdr, sizeof(uboot_image_header_t));
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bswap_uboot_header(hdr);
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if (hdr->ih_magic != IH_MAGIC)
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/* TODO: Implement other image types. */
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if (hdr->ih_type != IH_TYPE_KERNEL) {
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fprintf(stderr, "Can only load u-boot image type \"kernel\"\n");
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switch (hdr->ih_comp) {
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"Unable to load u-boot images with compression type %d\n",
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/* TODO: Check CPU type. */
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if (hdr->ih_os == IH_OS_LINUX)
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data = g_malloc(hdr->ih_size);
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if (read(fd, data, hdr->ih_size) != hdr->ih_size) {
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fprintf(stderr, "Error reading file\n");
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if (hdr->ih_comp == IH_COMP_GZIP) {
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uint8_t *compressed_data;
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compressed_data = data;
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max_bytes = UBOOT_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES;
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data = g_malloc(max_bytes);
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bytes = gunzip(data, max_bytes, compressed_data, hdr->ih_size);
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g_free(compressed_data);
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fprintf(stderr, "Unable to decompress gzipped image!\n");
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hdr->ih_size = bytes;
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rom_add_blob_fixed(filename, data, hdr->ih_size, hdr->ih_load);
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*loadaddr = hdr->ih_load;
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* Functions for reboot-persistent memory regions.
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* - used for vga bios and option roms.
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* - also linux kernel (-kernel / -initrd).
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typedef struct Rom Rom;
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QTAILQ_ENTRY(Rom) next;
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static FWCfgState *fw_cfg;
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static QTAILQ_HEAD(, Rom) roms = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(roms);
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static void rom_insert(Rom *rom)
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hw_error ("ROM images must be loaded at startup\n");
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/* list is ordered by load address */
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QTAILQ_FOREACH(item, &roms, next) {
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if (rom->addr >= item->addr)
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QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(item, rom, next);
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QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&roms, rom, next);
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int rom_add_file(const char *file, const char *fw_dir,
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hwaddr addr, int32_t bootindex)
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rom = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
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rom->name = g_strdup(file);
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rom->path = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, rom->name);
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if (rom->path == NULL) {
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rom->path = g_strdup(file);
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fd = open(rom->path, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
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fprintf(stderr, "Could not open option rom '%s': %s\n",
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rom->path, strerror(errno));
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rom->fw_dir = g_strdup(fw_dir);
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rom->fw_file = g_strdup(file);
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rom->romsize = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
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rom->data = g_malloc0(rom->romsize);
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lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
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rc = read(fd, rom->data, rom->romsize);
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if (rc != rom->romsize) {
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fprintf(stderr, "rom: file %-20s: read error: rc=%d (expected %zd)\n",
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rom->name, rc, rom->romsize);
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if (rom->fw_file && fw_cfg) {
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const char *basename;
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char fw_file_name[56];
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basename = strrchr(rom->fw_file, '/');
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basename = rom->fw_file;
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snprintf(fw_file_name, sizeof(fw_file_name), "%s/%s", rom->fw_dir,
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fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, fw_file_name, rom->data, rom->romsize);
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snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@%s", fw_file_name);
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snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/rom@" TARGET_FMT_plx, addr);
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add_boot_device_path(bootindex, NULL, devpath);
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int rom_add_blob(const char *name, const void *blob, size_t len,
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rom = g_malloc0(sizeof(*rom));
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rom->name = g_strdup(name);
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rom->data = g_malloc0(rom->romsize);
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memcpy(rom->data, blob, len);
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int rom_add_vga(const char *file)
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return rom_add_file(file, "vgaroms", 0, -1);
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int rom_add_option(const char *file, int32_t bootindex)
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return rom_add_file(file, "genroms", 0, bootindex);
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static void rom_reset(void *unused)
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QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
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if (rom->data == NULL) {
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cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(rom->addr, rom->data, rom->romsize);
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/* rom needs to be written only once */
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int rom_load_all(void)
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MemoryRegionSection section;
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QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
690
if (addr > rom->addr) {
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fprintf(stderr, "rom: requested regions overlap "
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"(rom %s. free=0x" TARGET_FMT_plx
693
", addr=0x" TARGET_FMT_plx ")\n",
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rom->name, addr, rom->addr);
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addr += rom->romsize;
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section = memory_region_find(get_system_memory(), rom->addr, 1);
700
rom->isrom = section.size && memory_region_is_rom(section.mr);
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qemu_register_reset(rom_reset, NULL);
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void rom_set_fw(void *f)
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static Rom *find_rom(hwaddr addr)
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QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
720
if (rom->addr > addr) {
723
if (rom->addr + rom->romsize < addr) {
732
* Copies memory from registered ROMs to dest. Any memory that is contained in
733
* a ROM between addr and addr + size is copied. Note that this can involve
734
* multiple ROMs, which need not start at addr and need not end at addr + size.
736
int rom_copy(uint8_t *dest, hwaddr addr, size_t size)
738
hwaddr end = addr + size;
739
uint8_t *s, *d = dest;
743
QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
747
if (rom->addr + rom->romsize < addr) {
750
if (rom->addr > end) {
757
d = dest + (rom->addr - addr);
761
if ((d + l) > (dest + size)) {
768
return (d + l) - dest;
771
void *rom_ptr(hwaddr addr)
775
rom = find_rom(addr);
776
if (!rom || !rom->data)
778
return rom->data + (addr - rom->addr);
781
void do_info_roms(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
785
QTAILQ_FOREACH(rom, &roms, next) {
787
monitor_printf(mon, "addr=" TARGET_FMT_plx
788
" size=0x%06zx mem=%s name=\"%s\"\n",
789
rom->addr, rom->romsize,
790
rom->isrom ? "rom" : "ram",
793
monitor_printf(mon, "fw=%s/%s"
794
" size=0x%06zx name=\"%s\"\n",