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<!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
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<!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
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<!ENTITY % cdo-C SYSTEM "../../../libs/cdo-C.ent">
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<!ENTITY archive-man SYSTEM "../menus/C/archive-man.xml">
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<!ENTITY azureus SYSTEM "../menus/C/azureus.xml">
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<!ENTITY administration SYSTEM "../menus/C/administration.xml">
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<!ENTITY desktop-preferences SYSTEM "../menus/C/desktop-preferences.xml">
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<!ENTITY downloader-x SYSTEM "../menus/C/downloader-x.xml">
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<!ENTITY login-screen-setup SYSTEM "../menus/C/login-screen-setup.xml">
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<!ENTITY firefox SYSTEM "../menus/C/firefox.xml">
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<!ENTITY firestarter-firewall-tool SYSTEM "../menus/C/firestarter-firewall-tool.xml">
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<!ENTITY games SYSTEM "../menus/C/games.xml">
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<!ENTITY graphics SYSTEM "../menus/C/graphics.xml">
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<!ENTITY gnome-app-install SYSTEM "../menus/C/gnomeappinstall.xml">
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<!ENTITY gconf SYSTEM "../menus/C/gconf.xml">
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<!ENTITY gftp SYSTEM "../menus/C/gftp.xml">
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<!ENTITY internet SYSTEM "../menus/C/internet.xml">
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<!ENTITY limewire SYSTEM "../menus/C/limewire.xml">
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<!ENTITY logout SYSTEM "../menus/C/logout.xml">
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<!ENTITY nvu SYSTEM "../menus/C/nvu.xml">
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<!ENTITY open-office SYSTEM "../menus/C/open-office.xml">
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<!ENTITY qtparted SYSTEM "../menus/C/qtparted.xml">
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<!ENTITY realplayer SYSTEM "../menus/C/realplayer.xml">
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<!ENTITY route-planner SYSTEM "../menus/C/route-planner.xml">
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<!ENTITY scribus SYSTEM "../menus/C/scribus.xml">
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<!ENTITY sessions SYSTEM "../menus/C/sessions.xml">
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<!ENTITY soundandvideo SYSTEM "../menus/C/soundandvideo.xml">
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<!ENTITY synaptic SYSTEM "../menus/C/synaptic.xml">
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<!ENTITY systemtools SYSTEM "../menus/C/systemtools.xml">
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<!ENTITY skype SYSTEM "../menus/C/skype.xml">
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<!ENTITY terminal SYSTEM "../menus/C/terminal.xml">
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<!ENTITY time-date SYSTEM "../menus/C/time-date.xml">
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<!ENTITY users-groups SYSTEM "../menus/C/users-groups.xml">
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<!ENTITY xine SYSTEM "../menus/C/xine.xml">
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<!ENTITY xmms SYSTEM "../menus/C/xmms.xml">
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<!ENTITY calculator SYSTEM "../menus/C/calculator.xml">
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<!ENTITY character-map SYSTEM "../menus/C/character-map.xml">
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<!ENTITY dictionary SYSTEM "../menus/C/dictionary.xml">
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<!ENTITY text-editor SYSTEM "../menus/C/text-editor.xml">
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<!ENTITY inkscape SYSTEM "../menus/C/inkscape.xml">
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<!ENTITY desktop-background SYSTEM "../menus/C/desktop-background.xml">
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<!ENTITY file-management SYSTEM "../menus/C/file-management.xml">
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<!ENTITY font SYSTEM "../menus/C/font.xml">
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<!ENTITY keyboard SYSTEM "../menus/C/keyboard.xml">
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<!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts SYSTEM "../menus/C/keyboard-shortcuts.xml">
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<!ENTITY menus-and-toolbars SYSTEM "../menus/C/menus-and-toolbars.xml">
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<!ENTITY mouse SYSTEM "../menus/C/mouse.xml">
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<!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector SYSTEM "../menus/C/multimedia-systems-selector.xml">
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<!ENTITY network-proxy SYSTEM "../menus/C/network-proxy.xml">
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<!ENTITY palmos-devices SYSTEM "../menus/C/palmos-devices.xml">
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<!ENTITY preferred-applications SYSTEM "../menus/C/preferred-applications.xml">
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<!ENTITY remote-desktop SYSTEM "../menus/C/remote-desktop.xml">
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<!ENTITY removable-drives-and-media SYSTEM "../menus/C/removable-drives-and-media.xml">
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<!ENTITY screen-resolution SYSTEM "../menus/C/screen-resolution.xml">
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<!ENTITY screensaver SYSTEM "../menus/C/screensaver.xml">
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<!ENTITY sound SYSTEM "../menus/C/sound.xml">
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<!ENTITY theme SYSTEM "../menus/C/theme.xml">
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<!ENTITY windows SYSTEM "../menus/C/windows.xml">
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<!ENTITY boot SYSTEM "../menus/C/boot.xml">
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<!ENTITY device-manager SYSTEM "../menus/C/device-manager.xml">
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<!ENTITY disks SYSTEM "../menus/C/disks.xml">
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<!ENTITY networking SYSTEM "../menus/C/networking.xml">
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<!ENTITY printing SYSTEM "../menus/C/printing.xml">
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<!ENTITY services SYSTEM "../menus/C/services.xml">
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<!ENTITY shared-folders SYSTEM "../menus/C/shared-folders.xml">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu-update-manager SYSTEM "../menus/C/ubuntu-update-manager.xml">
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<!ENTITY menu-editor SYSTEM "../menus/C/menu-editor.xml">
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<!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../../libs/xinclude.mod">
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<!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED>
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<!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<!ENTITY language "&EnglishAmerican;">
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<!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
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<book lang="nb" id="x01">
383
<title>Ubuntu OSS Guide</title>
385
<title>Ubuntu OSS Guide</title>
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<legalnotice id="sect-acknowledgments">
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<title>"Takk til" og lisens</title>
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<para>Følgende forfattere i Ubuntus Dokumentasjonsteam har bidratt til dette dokumentet:</para>
391
<para>Robert Stoffers (Current Maintainer)</para>
394
<para>Matt Galvin</para>
397
<para>Sean Wheller</para>
400
<para>OSS-guiden er basert på originalarbeidet til:</para>
403
<para>Chua Wen Kiat</para>
406
<para>Tomas Zijdemans</para>
409
<para>Abdullah Ramazanoglu</para>
412
<para>Dette dokumentet er tilgjengelig under en dobbellisensform som inkluderer GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) og Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.0-lisensen (CC-BY-SA).</para>
413
<para>Du står fritt til å modifisere, utvide og forbedre dokumentasjonen så lenge du ikke bryter disse lisensene. Alle arbeid basert på denne dokumentasjonen må distribueres under et av eller begge disse lisensene.</para>
414
<para>This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER.</para>
415
<para>Copies of these licenses are available in the appendices section of this book. Online versions can be found at the following URLs:</para>
418
<para><ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink></para>
421
<para><ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0</ulink></para>
424
<!-- <para>&revhistory;</para> -->
428
<year>2004, 2005</year>
429
<holder>Canonical Ltd. and members of the Ubuntu Documentation Project</holder>
432
<!-- author copyright notices
435
<holder>Sean Wheller</holder>
439
<holder>Matt Galvin</holder>
443
<holder>Robert Stoffers</holder>
447
<holder>Chua Wen Kiat</holder>
451
<holder>Tomas Zijdemans</holder>
455
<holder>Abdullah Ramazanoglu</holder>
457
end author copyright notices -->
460
<firstname>Ubuntu Documentation Project</firstname>
461
<email>ubuntu-doc@lists.ubuntu.com</email>
465
<para>This document is a compilation of questions that are commonly asked by users who are new to Ubuntu and the answers to these questions.</para>
469
<title>Disclaimer</title>
470
<para>Every effort has been made to ensure that the information compiled in this publication is accurate and correct. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither Canonical Ltd., the authors, nor translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.</para>
471
<para>Some of the software and hardware descriptions cited in this publication may from time-to-time be registered trademarks. Names of products and trademarks and trade protection laws and may thus fall under copyright restrictions. All trade names are subject to copyright restrictions and are registered trade marks of their respective owners. In citation of such names, Canonical Ltd. and contributing members of the Ubuntu Documentation Project essentially adhere to the manufacturer's spelling and in no way make claim to them.</para>
472
<para>THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</para>
477
<publishername>Ubuntus Dokumentasjonsprosejkt</publishername>
482
<revnumber>0.6.2</revnumber>
483
<date>21. August 2005</date>
484
<authorinitials>RS</authorinitials>
486
<para>Everything checked on a fresh Ubuntu Breezy colony 3 install. Ubuntu profiles ready for review, sections and chapters marked.</para>
490
<revnumber>0.6.1</revnumber>
491
<date>10. August 2005</date>
492
<authorinitials>MTG</authorinitials>
494
<para>Split this FAQ Guide into multiple files to make it easier to edit. Also put this revision history in the correct order.</para>
498
<revnumber>0.6</revnumber>
499
<date>17. Juli 2005</date>
500
<authorinitials>RS</authorinitials>
502
<para>Remove apt-get and replace with Synaptic. Add sections on Synaptic/Apt-get and Issuing commands. Major structural changes. More work on Gnome and Kde profiles.</para>
506
<revnumber>0.5</revnumber>
507
<date>4. Juni 2005</date>
509
<para>Profile document to support Gnome and Kde. Add preface with text editing sect and replace all instances of gedit with vim. Add author credit to Abdullah Ramazanoglu for Kubuntu version of guide.</para>
513
<revnumber>0.4</revnumber>
514
<date>31. Mai 2005</date>
516
<para>Align with Unofficial Ubuntu Guide 3.04</para>
520
<revnumber>0.3</revnumber>
521
<date>29. Mai 2005</date>
523
<para>Align with Unofficial Ubuntu Guide 3.0</para>
527
<revnumber>0.2</revnumber>
528
<date>25. Mai 2005</date>
529
<authorinitials>SW</authorinitials>
531
<para>Ported from the Unofficial Ubuntu Guide 2.09</para>
537
<preface id="pref-faqguide" status="complete">
538
<title>Forord</title>
539
<!-- Conventions section added inline due to differences between the faq and other docs-->
540
<sect1 id="conventions" status="complete">
541
<title>Konvensjoner</title>
543
<emphasis role="bold">The following admonitions will be found throughout the book:</emphasis>
546
<para>En note som presenterer interessant, tidvis tekniske biter av informasjon som er relatert til den omkringliggende teksten.</para>
549
<para>Et tips gir råd eller en enklere måte å gjøre noe på.</para>
552
<para>En advarsel gjør leseren oppmerksom på potensielle problem og hjelper med å unngå disse.</para>
553
<!-- Direct referencing in a non-instructional context is bad. -->
556
<para>En kritisk advarsel gjør leseren oppmerksom på en farefull situasjon som kan oppstå i et gitt scenario.</para>
559
<emphasis role="bold">Cross-reference conventions for print will be displayed as follows:</emphasis>
563
<para>Internal references will look like this: <xref linkend="sect-acknowledgments"/>.The numeral contained within square braces is the [page number].</para>
566
<para>Eksterne linker vi se <ulink url="http://www.ubuntulinux.org">slik ut</ulink>.</para>
570
<para>PDF, HTML, and XHTML versions of this document will use hyperlinks to handle cross-referencing.</para>
573
<emphasis role="bold">Type conventions will be displayed as follows:</emphasis>
577
<para>File names or paths to directories will be shown in <filename>monospace</filename> type.</para>
580
<para>Packages that need to be installed will be shown as:</para>
581
<para>Category > PackageName</para>
584
<para>Commands that you type at a <application os="gnome">Terminal</application> prompt will be shown as:</para>
586
<!-- NOTE: the spaces before </screen> are significant, and will be in the html output. -->
587
<screen>command to type </screen>
589
<para>To start a <application os="gnome">Terminal</application> session, select: <phrase os="gnome"><menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice></phrase> from the desktop menu system.</para>
592
<para>Options that you click, select, or choose in a user interface will be shown in <filename>monospace</filename> type.</para>
595
<para>When variables, parameters, SGML tags, etc. are contained within a paragraph of text, they will be shown in <filename>monospace</filename> type. Otherwise, they will use the normal type.</para>
599
<emphasis role="bold">Menu selections, mouse actions, and keyboard short-cuts:</emphasis>
603
<para>A sequence of menu selections will be displayed as follows: <menuchoice><guimenu><accel>F</accel>ile </guimenu><guimenuitem><accel>O</accel>pen </guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
606
<para>Mouse actions shall assume a right-handed mouse configuration. The terms <quote><mousebutton>click</mousebutton></quote> and <quote><mousebutton>double-click</mousebutton></quote> refer to using the left mouse button. The term <quote><mousebutton>right-click</mousebutton></quote> refers to using the right mouse button. The term <quote><mousebutton>middle-click</mousebutton></quote> refers to using the middle mouse button, pressing down on the scroll wheel, or pressing both the left and right buttons simultaneously, based on the design of your mouse.</para>
609
<para>Keyboard short-cut combinations will be displayed as follows: <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>N</keycap></keycombo> .Where the conventions for <quote>Control</quote>, <quote>Shift,</quote> and <quote>Alternate</quote> keys will be <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>, <keycap>Shift</keycap>, and <keycap>Alt</keycap>, respectively, and shall mean the first key is to be held down while pressing the second key.</para>
613
<emphasis role="bold">Code conventions:</emphasis>
617
<para>Code and mark-up samples will be formatted in a grey block.</para>
620
<para>Sometimes, lines of code or mark-up examples will be longer than the page width. To avoid having them run off the page, the slash character "\" is used to denote a soft line break. This means that the line of code is meant to be on one line, but for print formatting, it has been broken across two or more lines.</para>
624
<sect1 id="sect-text-editing" status="complete">
625
<title>Text Editing</title>
626
<para>The text editor referenced in the instructions provided by this document is <application os="gnome">Gedit</application>which is installed as a default Ubuntu package. <application os="gnome">Gedit</application> can be started by clicking <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> At times in this guide <application os="gnome">Gedit</application> is run from the command line using <application>Sudo</application>, as most configuration files require root privileges to alter them. Its recommended that you also run <application os="gnome">Gedit</application> from the command line when shown in this guide.</para>
628
<sect1 id="sect-contributing" status="complete">
629
<title>Contributing</title>
630
<para>This book is developed by the <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">Ubuntu Documentation Team </ulink> .The source code for this book is written using Docbook XML and is kept in a Subversion code revision control repository. Everyone is able to checkout a copy of the source code and provide updates in the form of patches. Another way of contributing is by sending ideas or comments to the Ubuntu Documentation Team mailing list. Information about the team, its mailing lists, projects, etc. can be found on the <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">Ubuntu Documentation Team Website </ulink> .</para>
633
<sect1 id="sect-feedback" status="complete">
634
<title>Feedback</title><!-- This section revised for clarity. (NT) -->
635
<para>As the reader of this publication, you are our most important critic. We welcome your input and ask that you let us know what we are doing right and what we are doing wrong.</para>
636
<para>We have tried to compile this publication with the utmost attention to detail. However, this does not mean it is error-free. For this reason, we would like to solicit your assistance in improving the quality of this publication by asking you to report all problems you may encounter, regardless of nature. To report a problem or make a suggestion, please file a bug report at the <ulink url="http://bugzilla.ubuntu.com">Ubuntu Bugzilla</ulink>, under the 'Documentation' category.</para>
637
<para>Many thanks,</para>
638
<para>-Your Ubuntu Documentation Team</para>
642
<chapter id="fg-gettingstarted">
643
<title id="gettingstarted">Getting Started</title>
647
<para>What is <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>?</para>
650
<para>Ubuntu is a complete Linux-based operating system, freely available with both community and professional support. To find out more, visit <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com">http://www.ubuntu.com</ulink></para>
655
<para>Where can I see some <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> screenshots?</para>
658
<para>OSDir.com has almost 60 screenshots. You can find them here: <ulink url="http://shots.osdir.com/slideshows/slideshow.php?release=342&slide=27&title=ubuntu+linux+5.10+colony+1+breezy+badger+screenshots">Ubuntu GNOME Screenshots.</ulink></para>
663
<para>Where can I find a list of all the programs and libraries that come with <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>?</para>
668
<para>The complete list of packages can be found here: <ulink url="http://packages.ubuntu.com/breezy">ubuntu-packages;</ulink>.</para>
671
<para>A limited set of packages are tracked by DistroWatch.com, and are listed on their website: <ulink url="http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/</ulink></para>
676
<qandaentry id="wheredownload" xreflabel="Where can I download Ubuntu?">
678
<para>Where can I download <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>?</para>
681
<para>The main download site is <ulink url="http://www.ubuntu.com/download">http://www.ubuntu.com/download</ulink>.</para>
687
<para>How do I burn the ISO file to CD-R?</para>
690
<para>In Windows with <application>Nero Burning ROM</application>:</para>
694
<para>Download the ISO file to your hard drive. (See <xref linkend="wheredownload"/> for download locations.)</para>
697
<para>Insert a blank CD into your CD writer.</para>
700
<para>Start Nero Burning ROM.</para>
703
<para>Follow the wizard and select Data CD.</para>
706
<para>When the wizard finishes, click Burn Image on the File menu.</para>
709
<para>In the Open dialog box, select the ISO file, and then click Open.</para>
712
<para>In the wizard, click Burn to create the <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> CD.</para>
716
<para>In Ubuntu with <application>Nautilus</application>:</para>
720
<para>Download the ISO file to your hard drive. (See <xref linkend="wheredownload"/> for download locations.)</para>
723
<para>Insert a blank CD into your CD writer.</para>
726
<para>In <application>Nautilus</application>, right click on the file you just downloaded, and choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Write to Disc</guimenu></menuchoice>. The <guilabel>Write to Disc</guilabel> dialog opens.</para>
729
<para>In the dialog, choose your CD writer and speed, then click on <guibutton>Write</guibutton>. The <guilabel>Writing Files to Disc Progress</guilabel> dialog opens, and <application>Nautilus</application> starts writing the disk.</para>
737
<para>Where can I get Ubuntu CDs for FREE?</para>
740
<para>You can order free Ubuntu CDs on the shipit website: <ulink url="http://shipit.ubuntu.com">http://shipit.ubuntu.com</ulink>. Shipping is free too!</para>
745
<para>Where can I get more help for <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>?</para>
751
<ulink url="http://lists.ubuntu.com">Mailing Lists</ulink>
756
<ulink url="http://www.ubuntulinux.org/community/forums">Web Forums</ulink>
761
<ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UserDocumentation">Documentation</ulink>
765
<para>IRC chat: <phrase>irc.freenode.net channel ubuntu</phrase></para>
772
<chapter id="fg-installing-applications" status="complete">
773
<title id="synaptic">Installing Applications</title>
775
<qandaentry id="synaptic-whatis">
777
<para>How do I install new applications and where do they come from?</para>
780
<para>There are several methods installing new applications, of which <application>Synaptic</application> is the easiest. <application>Synaptics'</application> full usage is explained below.</para>
781
<para>All the software you install from <application>Synaptic</application> or <application>apt-get</application> comes from common online repositories that <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> maintains. The applications in these repositories have been checked by <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> and will be free of viruses and spyware, but some of the applications may still contain bugs.</para>
782
<para>Whether you use <application>Synaptic</application> or some of the other methods outlined below, they all share a common database and changes made in one will show up in any of the others.</para>
785
<qandaentry id="synaptic-usage" xreflabel="How do I use Synaptic to install packages?">
787
<para>How do I use <phrase>Synaptic</phrase> to install packages?</para>
790
<para>To start <application>Synaptic</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice> The Synaptic screen is divided up into four sections, the two most important being the package categories on the left side, and the packages on the right. Each time you are required to install a package in this guide, it will be listed as follows:</para>
791
<para>Category > PackageName</para>
792
<para>To select a package to install:</para>
795
<para>Choose the category on the left section of <application>Synaptic</application>.</para>
798
<para>In the right section, find the package and click on the white box next to it. A menu will appear giving you several options depending on the status of the package, simply choose <filename>Mark for installation</filename> to select it for installation.</para>
800
<para>Alternatively you can click the <filename>Search</filename> toolbar button, enter the <quote>PackageName</quote> (the applications name) in the search text field and click the <filename>Search</filename> button. <application>Synaptic</application> will now show you a much shorter list from which to select your application for installation. This can be much easier than having to look through the very long list of applications on your own.</para>
804
<para>If the package you chose to install requires other packages to also be installed a dialog box will appear. Click <filename>Mark</filename> to allow it to do so.</para>
807
<para>Once you are happy with the package selections, click <filename>Apply</filename> on the top menubar. A dialog box will appear detailing the changes to your system, click <filename>Apply</filename> to begin installation.</para>
810
<para>Synaptic will then fetch and install the packages you have selected. A progress dialog box will appear and it may ask you to insert other media (such as the <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> CD-ROM).</para>
813
<para>Once finished, you will be notified <filename>Changes applied</filename>, click <filename>Close</filename> to finish the installation.</para>
818
<qandaentry id="addinguniverse" xreflabel="How do I add Universe and Multiverse?">
820
<para>How do I add Universe and Multiverse?</para>
823
<para>By default, Ubuntu comes pre-configured with basic and security update repositories. To enable the extra Universe and Multiverse repositories:</para>
826
<para>Start <application>Synaptic</application> by selecting <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the desktop menu system.</para>
829
<para>In <application>Synaptic</application> choose Settings-> Repositories.</para>
832
<para>Click the <filename>Settings</filename> button.</para>
835
<para>Tick <filename>Show disabled software sources</filename>, then click <filename>Close</filename>.</para>
838
<para>On the Repositories dialog box click <filename>Add</filename>. There are three separate repositories; Breezy Badger, Security Updates and Updates. Select each repository and check <filename>Officially supported</filename>, <filename>Restricted copyright</filename>, <filename>Community maintained (Universe)</filename> and <filename>Non-free (Multiverse)</filename>. Ensure you click <filename>OK</filename> between each repository to save your changes.</para>
841
<para>You should now see checkboxes next to each repository, scroll through the list and ensure they are all checked.</para>
846
<qandaentry id="addingbackports" xreflabel="How do I add backports?">
848
<para>How do I add backports?</para>
851
<para>Backports are newer versions of applications made available for the current stable release of Ubuntu.</para>
854
<para>Start <application>Synaptic</application> by selecting <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the desktop menu system.</para>
857
<para>In Synaptic choose Settings-> Repositories.</para>
860
<para>Click on <guilabel>Add</guilabel> and then <guilabel>Custom</guilabel>.</para>
864
<para>Paste the following line into the box: <screen>
865
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main universe multiverse restricted</screen></para>
868
<para>Click <guilabel>Ok</guilabel> and then click <guilabel>Yes</guilabel> when it asks you to reload. Backports is now available.</para>
875
<para>How do I keep Ubuntu updated?</para>
878
<para>When packages on your <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> system need updating, <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> will inform you with a popup from your notification area. When you see this popup, click <guibutton>Show Updates</guibutton>, <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> will ask your for your password, enter it then click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>. In the <application>Ubuntu Update Manager</application> click <guibutton>Install</guibutton>, the system will fetch and install any updates that are needed. When it has finished, click <guibutton>Close</guibutton>, then close <application>Ubuntu Update Manager</application>.</para>
883
<para>How to backup/restore downloaded repositories cache?</para>
888
<para>To backup downloaded repositories cache <screen>mkdir -p $HOME/backup/var/lib/
889
sudo cp -R /var/lib/apt/ $HOME/backup/var/lib/
890
mkdir -p $HOME/backup/var/cache/
891
sudo cp -R /var/cache/apt/ $HOME/backup/var/cache/
892
mkdir -p $HOME/backup/etc/apt
893
sudo cp -R /etc/apt/ $HOME/backup/etc/
894
sudo chown -R $USER $HOME/backup/</screen></para>
897
<para>To restore downloaded repositories cache <screen>sudo cp -fR $HOME/backup/var/* /var/
898
sudo cp -fR $HOME/backup/etc/apt/* /etc/apt/</screen></para>
905
<para>How to manually update <phrase>Ubuntu</phrase> using Apt-get?</para>
910
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
914
<screen>sudo apt-get update
915
sudo apt-get upgrade</screen>
923
<chapter id="fg-applications" status="complete">
924
<title id="applications">Applications</title>
925
<para>This chapter contains information on how to install common applications and tools. More information on their usage is contained in the help sections and man pages for each application.</para>
926
<sect1 id="sect-music-and-movies" status="complete">
927
<title>Music and Movies</title>
929
<qandaentry id="codecs" xreflabel="How do I install multimedia codecs?">
931
<para>How do I install multimedia codecs?</para>
936
<para>Make sure the universe and multiverse repositories are enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
939
<para>Install the following packages with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
941
<literallayout>Libraries (multiverse) > gstreamer0.8-plugins-multiverse
942
Libraries (universe) > gstreamer0.8-plugins
943
Libraries (universe) > gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg
944
Libraries (universe) > gstreamer0.8-mad
945
Multimedia > vorbis-tools
946
Multimedia (multiverse) > lame
947
Multimedia (multiverse) > faad
948
Multimedia (multiverse) > gstreamer0.8-lame
949
Multimedia (universe) > sox
950
Graphics (multiverse) > mjpegtools
951
Graphics (universe) > ffmpeg
952
GNOME Desktop Enviroment (universe) > totem-xine
957
<para>Register the GStreamer plugins on your system. At the command line, type <screen os="gnome">gst-register-0.8</screen></para>
960
<para>Due to patent and copyright restrictions, the w32codecs and libdivx4linux packages are not included with Ubuntu. For more information on these read <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats">https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats</ulink>.</para>
963
<qandaentry id="dvdplayback" xreflabel="How do I install DVD playback?">
965
<para>How do I install DVD playback?</para>
968
<para>Currently there is no legal way to play DVDs on Linux using free packages. To enable DVD playback, read DVD-video at <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats">https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RestrictedFormats</ulink></para>
973
<para>How do I install RealPlayer 10?</para>
978
<para>Visit <ulink url="http://www.real.com/linux/">http://www.real.com/linux/</ulink> and download <application>Realplayer 10 for Linux</application> into a convenient directory.</para>
981
<para>Make the downloaded file executable. At the command line, change to the directory where you downloaded the file, and type <screen>chmod +x RealPlayer10GOLD.bin</screen></para>
984
<para>To install <application>Real Player 10</application>, run the downloaded file. Type <screen>sudo ./RealPlayer10GOLD.bin</screen></para>
985
<para>When prompted for a location to install RealPlayer 10, type <filename>/usr/bin/RealPlayer</filename></para>
986
<para>When prompted to configure system-wide symbolic links, type "y". After that, accept the default prefix for symbolic links.</para>
989
<para>You can now safely remove the downloaded file from your system. Type <screen>rm RealPlayer10GOLD.bin</screen></para>
992
<para>To run <application>Real Player 10</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Applications</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>RealPlayer 10</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
999
<para>How do I install the stream directory browser streamtuner?</para>
1004
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1007
<para>Install the streamtuner package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para><para>
1008
<literallayout>Networking (universe) > streamtuner</literallayout>
1012
<para>To run <application>streamtuner</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>streamtuner</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1019
<para>How do I install a ID3 tag editor (Cowbell)?</para>
1024
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1027
<para>Install the cowbell package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1029
<literallayout>Multimedia (universe) > cowbell</literallayout>
1033
<para>To run <application>Cowbell</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1040
<para>How do I install a video editor (Kino)?</para>
1045
<para>Install the kino package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1047
<literallayout>Graphics > kino</literallayout>
1051
<para>To run <application>Kino</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kino Video Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1058
<para>How do I install an audio editor (Audacity)?</para>
1063
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1066
<para>Install the audacity package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1068
<literallayout>Multimedia (universe) > audacity</literallayout>
1072
<para>To run <application>Audacity</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1079
<para>How do I install a DVD ripper (dvd::rip)?</para>
1084
<para>Make sure the multiverse repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1087
<para>Install the multimedia codecs. See <xref linkend="codecs"/>.</para>
1090
<para>Install DVD video playback. See <xref linkend="dvdplayback"/>.</para>
1093
<para>Install the following packages with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1095
<literallayout>Graphics (multiverse) > dvdrip
1096
Miscellaneous - Graphical (multiverse) > transcode</literallayout>
1100
<para>Start a new desktop configuration file in the <filename>/usr/share/applications</filename> directory. <screen>sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop</screen> A blank file called <filename>dvdrip.desktop</filename> opens in <application>gedit</application>.</para>
1103
<para>Add the following lines to the new file:</para>
1105
<screen>[Desktop Entry]
1109
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
1112
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;</screen>
1116
<para>Save the file and close <application>gedit</application>. (See <ulink url="sample/dvdrip.desktop_dvdrip"/> for an example.)</para>
1119
<para>To start <application>dvd::rip</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>dvd::rip</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1126
<sect1 id="sect-java" status="complete">
1129
<qandaentry id="jre" xreflabel="How to Install the Java Runtime Environment">
1131
<para>How do I install the J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) 5 (1.5) with Firefox plugin?</para>
1136
<para>Make sure the multiverse repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1139
<para>Go to <ulink url="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp</ulink> and click on <quote>Download JRE 5.0 Update 4</quote>. Ensure you do not choose the link with the NetBeans bundle.</para>
1141
<para>At the time of this writing J2SE is at version 5.0 Update 4. This is subject to change. If you do not see this version on Sun's website, download the newest version displayed.</para>
1145
<para>You must first accept the licence, then click on <quote>Linux self-extracting file</quote> (jre-1_5_0_04-linux-i586.bin). Save this file to your hard drive.</para>
1148
<!-- isnt fakeroot a dependancy of java-package anyway? -->
1149
<para>Install the java-package package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1151
<literallayout>Miscellaneous - Text Based (multiverse) > java-package</literallayout>
1152
<!-- Dependancy installs this already Utilities > fakeroot -->
1156
<para>Make the downloaded file executable. At the command line, change to the directory where you downloaded the file, and type <screen>chmod +x jre-1_5_0_04-linux-i586.bin</screen></para>
1159
<para>To install JRE, run the downloaded file. Type <screen>fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_04-linux-i586.bin</screen></para>
1163
<screen>dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update04_i386.deb</screen>
1171
<sect1 id="sect-fonts" status="complete">
1172
<title>Fonts</title>
1174
<qandaentry id="extrafonts" xreflabel="How to Install Extra Fonts">
1176
<para>How do I install extra fonts?</para>
1181
<para>Make sure the universe and multiverse repositories are enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1184
<para>Install the font packages with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1186
<literallayout>Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > xfonts-intl-arabic
1187
Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > xfonts-intl-asian
1188
Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > xfonts-intl-chinese
1189
Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > xfonts-intl-chinese-big
1190
Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > xfonts-intl-european
1191
Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > xfonts-intl-japanese
1192
Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > xfonts-intl-japanese-big
1193
Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > xfonts-intl-phonetic
1194
Miscellaneous - Graphical > gsfonts-x11
1195
Miscellaneous - Graphical (multiverse) > msttcorefonts
1200
<para>Rebuild the font information cache files</para>
1201
<screen>sudo fc-cache -f -v</screen>
1208
<para>How do I install the Chinese Input Method (SCIM)?</para>
1213
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1216
<para>Make sure you have the Chinese fonts installed. (See <xref linkend="extrafonts"/>.)</para>
1219
<para>Install the scim packages with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1221
<literallayout>Utilities (universe) > scim
1222
Utilities (universe) > scim-chinese
1223
Utilities (universe) > scim-config-socket
1224
Utilities (universe) > scim-gtk2-immodule
1225
Utilities (universe) > scim-tables-zh
1231
<screen>wget -c <ulink url="http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz">http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz</ulink>
1232
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
1233
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/
1234
sudo fc-cache -f -v</screen>
1239
<menuchoice os="gnome">
1240
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
1241
<guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu>
1242
<guimenuitem>SCIM Input Method Setup</guimenuitem>
1247
<para>To activate SCIM press <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo>.</para>
1254
<sect1 id="sect-office" status="complete">
1255
<title>Office</title>
1259
<para>How do I install a project management application (Planner)?</para>
1264
<para>Install the planner package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1266
<literallayout>GNOME Desktop Environment > planner</literallayout>
1270
<para>To start <application>Planner</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Project Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1277
<para>How do I install an accounting application (GnuCash)?</para>
1282
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1285
<para>Install the gnucash package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1287
<literallayout>Gnome Desktop Environment (universe) > gnucash</literallayout>
1291
<para>Remove some unnecessary directories and files. <screen>sudo rm -fr /usr/share/gnome/apps/Applications/</screen></para>
1294
<para>Start a new desktop configuration file in the <filename>/usr/share/applications</filename> directory. <screen>sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/GnuCash.desktop</screen> A blank file called <filename>GnuCash.desktop</filename> opens in <application>gedit</application>.</para>
1297
<para>Add the following lines to the new file.</para>
1301
Comment=GnuCash Personal Finance
1303
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gnucash/gnucash-icon.png
1306
Categories=Application;Office;
1310
<para>Save the file and close <application>gedit</application>. (See <ulink url="sample/GnuCash.desktop_gnucash">sample/GnuCash.desktop_gnucash</ulink> for an example.)</para>
1313
<para>To open <application>GnuCash</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>GnuCash</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1320
<para>How do I install a desktop publishing application (Scribus)?</para>
1325
<para>Install the scribus package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1327
<literallayout>Graphics > scribus</literallayout>
1331
<para>To install additional templates, make sure you have the universe repository enabled (see <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>), and install the scribus-template package with <application>Synaptic</application>.</para>
1333
<literallayout>Graphics (universe) > scribus-template</literallayout>
1337
<para>To start <application>Scribus</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
1344
<para>How do I install a diagram editor (Dia)?</para>
1349
<para>Install the dia-gnome package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1351
<literallayout>GNOME Desktop Environment > dia-gnome</literallayout>
1355
<para>To start <application>Dia</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Graphics</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Dia</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
1362
<sect1 id="sect-games" status="complete">
1363
<title>Games</title>
1367
<para>How do I install Frozen-Bubble?</para>
1372
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1375
<para>Install the frozen-bubble package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1377
<literallayout>Games and Amusement (universe) > frozen-bubble</literallayout>
1381
<para>To start <application>Frozen-Bubble</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Frozen-Bubble</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1388
<para>How do I install PlanetPenguin Racer?</para>
1392
<para>Ensure you have hardware accelerated 3D drivers installed for your video card. For more information see the <xref linkend="fg-hardware"/>.</para>
1396
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1399
<para>Install the planetpenguin-racer package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1401
<literallayout>Games and Amusement (universe) > planetpenguin-racer</literallayout>
1405
<para>To start <application>PlanetPenguin Racer</application>, at the command line type <screen>ppracer</screen></para>
1412
<!-- There is a dependancy problem with this at the moment (libwxgtk2.4 (>=2.4.2.6ubuntu1)
1413
not installable. Will be rebuilt for Breezy release -->
1414
<para>How do I install Scorched3D?</para>
1417
<para>Scorched3D is a 3D remake of Worms/Scorched Earth.</para>
1419
<para>Ensure you have hardware accelerated 3D drivers installed for your video card. For more information see the <xref linkend="fg-hardware"/>.</para>
1423
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1426
<para>Install the scorched3d package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1428
<literallayout>Games and Amusement (universe) > scorched3d</literallayout>
1432
<para>To start <application>Scorched3D</application>, at the command line type <screen>scorched3d</screen></para>
1439
<para>How do I install Quake 3?</para>
1443
<para>Ensure you have hardware accelerated 3D drivers installed for your video card. For more information see the <xref linkend="fg-hardware"/>.</para>
1447
<para>Download the Quake 3 Point Release from: <ulink url="http://www.fileplanet.com/61609/60000/fileinfo/Quake-III-Arena-Point-Release-v1.32b-(Linux)">http://www.fileplanet.com/61609/60000/fileinfo/Quake-III-Arena-Point-Release-v1.32b-(Linux)</ulink></para>
1450
<para>Run the file you downloaded and follow the prompts.</para>
1453
<para>Copy all the <filename>.PK3</filename> files from your Quake 3 CDROM into the <filename>base</filename> directory of your <filename>quake3</filename> folder.</para>
1457
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Quake3.desktop</screen>
1460
<para>Insert the following lines into the new
1466
Exec=/usr/local/games/quake3/quake3
1467
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/quake2.xpm
1470
Categories=Application;Game;
1474
<para>Save the edited file.</para>
1477
<para>To run <application>Quake 3</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Other</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Quake 3</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1484
<para>How do I install Windows Games with Cedega?</para>
1489
<para>linux-gamers.net web site describes how to compile and install Cedaga. See <ulink url="http://www.linux-gamers.net/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=45">http://www.linux-gamers.net/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=45</ulink>.</para>
1492
<para>For more information see:</para>
1494
<ulink url="http://www.transgaming.com">http://www.transgaming.com</ulink>
1497
<ulink url="http://digital-conquest.ath.cx/wiki/index.php/Main_Page">http://digital-conquest.ath.cx/wiki/index.php/Main_Page</ulink>
1505
<sect1 id="sect-internet" status="complete">
1506
<title>Internet</title>
1510
<para>How do I install the Flash Player Plug-in (Macromedia Flash) for Mozilla Firefox?</para>
1515
<para>Make sure the multiverse repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1518
<para>Install the flashplayer-mozilla package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1520
<literallayout>World Wide Web (multiverse) > flashplayer-mozilla</literallayout>
1524
<para>The plug-in will be available the next time you start <application>Firefox</application>.</para>
1531
<para>How do I install a PDF reader (Adobe Acrobat) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox?</para>
1536
<para>Make sure the multiverse repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1539
<para>Install the acroread and mozilla-acroread packages with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1541
<literallayout>Text (multiverse) > acroread
1542
Text (multiverse) > mozilla-acroread</literallayout>
1546
<para os="gnome">To open <application>Adobe Acrobat</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Acrobat Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
1549
<para>The plug-in will be available the next time you start <application>Firefox</application>.</para>
1556
<para>How do I install the P2P aMule client?</para>
1561
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1564
<para>Install the amule package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1566
<literallayout>Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > amule</literallayout>
1570
<para os="gnome">To open <application>aMule</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
1575
<qandaentry os="gnome">
1577
<para>How do I install a P2P Gnutella Client (LimeWire)?</para>
1582
<para>Make sure the Java Runtime Environment is installed. (See <xref linkend="jre"/>.)</para>
1585
<para>At the command line, issue the following commands: <screen>
1586
wget -c <ulink url="http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/LimeWireSoftOther.zip">http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/LimeWireSoftOther.zip</ulink>
1587
sudo unzip -u LimeWireSoftOther.zip -d /opt/
1588
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/LimeWire/
1592
<para>Create a new shell script in the <filename>/usr/bin</filename> directory. <screen>sudo gedit /usr/bin/runLime.sh</screen> A blank file called <filename>runLime.sh</filename> opens in <application>gedit</application>.</para>
1595
<para>Add the following lines to the file</para>
1599
./runLime.sh</programlisting>
1603
<para>Save the file and close <application>gedit</application>. For an example of the file, see <ulink url="sample/runLime.sh_limewire"/>.</para>
1606
<para>Make the new file executable. <screen>sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runLime.sh</screen></para>
1609
<para>Start a new desktop configuration file in the <filename>/usr/share/applications</filename> directory. <screen>sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/LimeWire.desktop</screen> A blank file called <filename>LimeWire.desktop</filename> opens in <application>gedit</application>.</para>
1612
<para>Insert the following lines into the new file:</para>
1619
Icon=/opt/LimeWire/LimeWire.ico
1622
Categories=Application;Network;</screen>
1626
<para>Save the file and close <application>gedit</application>. For an example of the file, see <ulink url="sample/LimeWire.desktop_limewire"/>.</para>
1629
<para os="gnome">To start <application>LimeWire</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>LimeWire</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
1634
<qandaentry os="gnome">
1636
<para>How do I install a download manager (Downloader for X)?</para>
1641
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1644
<para>Install the d4x package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1646
<literallayout>Networking (universe) > d4x</literallayout>
1650
<para os="gnome">To start <application>Downloader for X</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Downloader for X</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
1655
<qandaentry os="gnome">
1657
<para>How do I install a FTP Client (gFTP)?</para>
1662
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1665
<para>Install the gftp package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1667
<literallayout>Networking (universe) > gftp</literallayout>
1671
<para os="gnome">To start <application>gFTP</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gFTP</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
1676
<!-- Dependancy issue with official Skype package
1679
<para>How do I install Skype?</para>
1684
<para>Install the libqt3-mt package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)
1687
<literallayout> Libraries > libqt3-mt</literallayout>
1691
<para>Download and install the Skype Debian package. At the command line, type
1693
wget -c <ulink url="&skype-download;">&skype-download;</ulink>
1694
sudo dpkg -i &skype-deb;</screen>
1698
<para os="gnome">To start <application>Skype</application>, choose &skype; </para>
1703
<qandaentry id="thunderbird" xreflabel="How do I install the Thunderbird email client?">
1705
<para>How do I install the <application>Mozilla Thunderbird</application> e-mail client?</para>
1710
<para>Install the mozilla-thunderbird package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1712
<literallayout>Email > mozilla-thunderbird</literallayout>
1716
<para>To start <application>Thunderbird</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Thunderbird Mail Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1723
<para>How do I install a newsreader (Pan)?</para>
1728
<para>Install the pan package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1730
<literallayout>Newsgroup > pan</literallayout>
1734
<para>To open <application>Pan Newsreader</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Pan Newsreader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1741
<para>How do I install a RSS/RDF/Atom newsreader (Liferea)?</para>
1746
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1749
<para>Install the liferea package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1751
<literallayout>GNOME Desktop Environment (universe) > liferea</literallayout>
1755
<para>To open <application>Liferea Feed Reader</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Liferea Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1762
<para>How do I install a WYSIWYG web authoring aystem (Nvu)?</para>
1767
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
1770
<para>Install the nvu package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1772
<literallayout>World Wide Web (universe) > nvu</literallayout>
1776
<para>To start <application>Nvu</application>, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Nvu</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
1783
<para>How do I install a ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE)?</para>
1790
wget -c <ulink url="http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/rp-pppoe-3.5.tar.gz">http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/rp-pppoe-3.5.tar.gz</ulink>
1791
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.5.tar.gz -C /opt/
1792
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.5/
1793
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop</screen>
1797
<para>Insert the following lines into the new file <screen>
1801
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.5/go-gui
1805
Categories=Application;System;</screen></para>
1808
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/RP-PPPoE.desktop_rp-pppoe"/>)</para>
1812
<menuchoice os="gnome">
1813
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
1814
<guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu>
1815
<guimenuitem>RP-PPPoE</guimenuitem>
1824
<!-- Added section -->
1825
<sect1 id="sect-networking-utils" status="complete">
1826
<title>Networking Utilities</title>
1828
<qandaentry id="firestarter">
1830
<para>How do I install a firewall?</para>
1835
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
1838
<para>With <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>) install:</para>
1839
<para><literallayout>System Administration (universe) > Firestarter</literallayout>
1843
<para>After it is installed, run <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Firestarter</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to configure your firewall. The firewall will now start in the background when your computer starts.</para>
1850
<para>How do I install a graphical network monitor (EtherApe)?</para>
1853
<para>Etherape displays network activity among different hosts using circles of varying size.</para>
1856
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
1859
<para>Install the etherape package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1861
<literallayout>GNOME Desktop Environment (universe) > etherape</literallayout>
1866
<menuchoice os="gnome">
1867
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
1868
<guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
1869
<guimenuitem>Etherape</guimenuitem>
1878
<para>How do I install a network traffic analyzer (Ethereal)?</para>
1881
<para>Ethereal is a network traffic analyser/sniffer that captures packets off the network in real time and displays the contents of them.</para>
1884
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
1887
<para>Install the ethereal package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1889
<literallayout>Networking (universe) > ethereal</literallayout>
1894
<menuchoice os="gnome">
1895
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
1896
<guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
1897
<guimenuitem>Ethereal</guimenuitem>
1906
<sect1 id="sect-sys-utils" status="complete">
1907
<title>System Utilities</title>
1911
<para>How do I install a partition editor (GParted)?</para>
1916
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
1919
<para>Install the gparted package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1921
<literallayout>GNOME Desktop Environment (universe) > gparted</literallayout>
1926
<menuchoice os="gnome">
1927
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
1928
<guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu>
1929
<guimenuitem>GParted</guimenuitem>
1938
<para>How do I install RAR Archiver (rar)?</para>
1943
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
1946
<para>Install the rar package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1948
<literallayout>Utilities (multiverse) > rar</literallayout>
1954
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar</screen>
1959
<menuchoice os="gnome">
1960
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
1961
<guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu>
1962
<guimenuitem>Archive Manager</guimenuitem>
1971
<para>How do I install desktop applets (gDesklets)?</para>
1976
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
1979
<para>Install the gdesklets and gdesklets-data packages with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
1981
<literallayout>GNOME Desktop Environment (universe) > gdesklets
1982
Miscellaneous - Graphical (universe) > gdesklets-data</literallayout>
1987
<menuchoice os="gnome">
1988
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
1989
<guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu>
1990
<guimenuitem>gDesklets</guimenuitem>
1997
<qandaentry id="installgnomebaker">
1999
<para>How do I install CD/DVD burning software (GnomeBaker)?</para>
2004
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
2007
<para>Install the gnomebaker package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
2009
<literallayout>GNOME Desktop Environment (universe) > gnomebaker</literallayout>
2014
<menuchoice os="gnome">
2015
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
2016
<guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu>
2017
<guimenuitem>GnomeBaker CD/DVD Creator</guimenuitem>
2026
<para>How do I install basic compilers (build-essential)?</para>
2031
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
2034
<para>Install the build-essential package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
2036
<literallayout>Development > build-essential
2045
<sect1 id="sect-windows-emu" status="complete">
2046
<title>Windows Emulators</title>
2050
<para>How do I install Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin) on Ubuntu?</para>
2056
<ulink url="http://www.win4lin.com">http://www.win4lin.com</ulink>
2064
<para>How do I install CrossOver Office?</para>
2070
<ulink url="http://www.codeweavers.com">http://www.codeweavers.com</ulink>
2079
<chapter id="fg-hardware" xreflabel="Hardware Chapter" status="complete">
2080
<title id="hardware">Hardware</title>
2082
<qandaentry id="installnvidiadriver" xreflabel="How do I install the 3D Nvidia video card driver?">
2084
<para>How do I install the 3D Nvidia video card driver?</para>
2089
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
2092
<para>Install the nvidia-glx and nvidia-settings packages with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
2094
<literallayout>Miscellaneous - Graphical (restricted) > nvidia-glx
2095
Miscellaneous - Graphical (restricted) > nvidia-settings</literallayout>
2101
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
2102
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
2103
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/NVIDIA-Settings.desktop</screen>
2107
<para>Insert the following lines into the new file <programlisting>
2109
Name=NVIDIA Settings
2110
Comment=NVIDIA Settings
2111
Exec=nvidia-settings
2115
Categories=Application;System;</programlisting></para>
2118
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/NVIDIA-Settings.desktop_installnvidiadriver"/>)</para>
2121
<para>Read <xref linkend="restartgnomewithoutreboot"/></para>
2125
<menuchoice os="gnome">
2126
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
2127
<guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu>
2128
<guimenuitem>NVIDIA Settings</guimenuitem>
2137
<para>How do I disable the Nvidia graphics logo on startup?</para>
2142
<para>Read <xref linkend="installnvidiadriver"/></para>
2147
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
2148
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf</screen>
2152
<para>Find this section</para>
2157
Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
2160
...</programlisting>
2164
<para>Add the following line below it</para>
2167
Option "NoLogo"</programlisting>
2171
<para>Save the edited file ( <ulink url="sample/xorg.conf_disablenvidialogo"/>)</para>
2174
<para>Read <xref linkend="restartgnomewithoutreboot"/></para>
2179
<!-- unconfirmed ATI drivers, someone who owns an ATI card please confirm that this works -->
2180
<qandaentry id="installatidriver">
2182
<para>How do I install the 3D ATI video card driver?</para>
2187
<para>Install the xorg-driver-fglrx package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
2189
<literallayout>Miscellaneous - Graphical (restricted) > xorg-driver-fglrx</literallayout>
2194
echo fglrx | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
2195
sudo depmod -a ; sudo modprobe fglrx
2196
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
2197
sudo sed -i -e 's/"ati"/"fglrx"/' /etc/X11/xorg.conf</screen></para>
2200
<para>If you are using an NForce2-based motherboard you will also need to do the following:</para>
2202
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
2204
<para>Change <quote>Section "Device"</quote> add the following line:</para>
2206
Option "UseInternalAGPGART" "no"</screen></para>
2209
<para>Restart your machine for changes to take effect.</para>
2216
<para>How do I identify a modem chipset?</para>
2223
wget -c <ulink url="http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/scanModem.gz">http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/scanModem.gz</ulink>
2224
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
2227
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt</screen>
2235
<para>How do I install Winmodem/Linmodem Drivers?</para>
2239
<ulink url="http://www.linmodems.org/">http://www.linmodems.org/</ulink>
2245
<para>How do I configure PalmOS devices?</para>
2252
sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules</screen>
2256
<para>Insert the following line into the new file</para>
2259
BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"</programlisting>
2263
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/10-custom.rules_configurepalmosdevices"/>)</para>
2267
<menuchoice os="gnome">
2268
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
2269
<guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu>
2270
<guimenuitem>PalmOS Devices</guimenuitem>
2275
<para>Follow the instructions on screen</para>
2280
<qandaentry id="listpartitiontables" xreflabel="How do I check disk space and view the partition table?">
2282
<para>How do I check disk space usage and view the partition table?</para>
2287
<para>Launch <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disks</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
2290
<para>Select the <guibutton>Harddrive</guibutton>, then the <guibutton>Partitions</guibutton> tab</para>
2293
<para>Each partition will be listed under <guilabel>Partition List</guilabel>, with disk space and mount point.</para>
2300
<para>How do I list mounted devices?</para>
2306
<screen>mount</screen>
2314
<para>How do I list PCI devices?</para>
2320
<screen>lspci</screen>
2328
<para>How do I list USB devices?</para>
2334
<screen>lsusb</screen>
2342
<para>How do I speed up CD/DVD-ROM access (enable DMA)?</para>
2347
<para>Assuming that <filename class="devicefile">/dev/cdrom</filename> is the location of CD/DVD-ROM</para>
2352
sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
2353
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
2354
sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf</screen>
2358
<para>Append the following lines at the end of file</para>
2367
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/hdparm.conf_speedupcddvdrom"/>)</para>
2374
<para>How do I mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROMs manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders?</para>
2379
<para>Assuming that <filename class="devicefile">/media/cdrom0/</filename> is the location of CD/DVD-ROM</para>
2382
<para>To mount CD/DVD-ROM</para>
2385
sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide</screen>
2389
<para>To unmount CD/DVD-ROM</para>
2392
sudo umount /media/cdrom0/</screen>
2400
<para>How do I forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROMs manually?</para>
2413
<qandaentry id="remountfstabwithoutreboot" xreflabel="How do I remount /etc/fstab without rebooting?">
2415
<para>How do I remount /etc/fstab without rebooting?</para>
2422
sudo mount -a</screen>
2430
<chapter id="fg-windows-partitions" status="complete">
2431
<title id="windows-partitions">Windows Partitions</title>
2435
<para>How do I mount/unmount Windows partitions (NTFS) manually, and allow all users to read only?</para>
2439
<para>Assuming that <filename class="devicefile">/dev/hda1</filename> is the location of the Windows partition (NTFS) and the local mount folder is: <filename class="directory">/media/windows </filename></para>
2443
<para>Read <xref linkend="listpartitiontables"/></para>
2446
<para>To mount Windows partition</para>
2449
sudo mkdir /media/windows
2450
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o umask=0222</screen>
2454
<para>To unmount Windows partition</para>
2457
sudo umount /media/windows/</screen>
2465
<para>How do I mount/unmount Windows partitions (FAT) manually, and allow all users to read/write?</para>
2469
<para>Assuming that <filename class="devicefile">/dev/hda1</filename> is the location of the Windows partition (FAT) and the local mount folder is: <filename class="directory">/media/windows </filename></para>
2473
<para>Read <xref linkend="listpartitiontables"/></para>
2476
<para>To mount Windows partition</para>
2479
sudo mkdir /media/windows
2480
sudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o umask=000</screen>
2484
<para>To unmount Windows partition</para>
2487
sudo umount /media/windows/</screen>
2495
<para>How do I mount Windows partitions (NTFS) on boot-up, and allow all users to read only?</para>
2499
<para>Assuming that <filename class="devicefile">/dev/hda1</filename> is the location of the Windows partition (NTFS) and the local mount folder is: <filename class="directory">/media/windows </filename></para>
2503
<para>Read <xref linkend="listpartitiontables"/></para>
2508
sudo mkdir /media/windows
2509
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
2510
sudo gedit /etc/fstab</screen>
2514
<para>Append the following line at the end of file <programlisting>/dev/hda1 /media/windows ntfs umask=0222 0 0</programlisting></para>
2517
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/fstab_automountntfs"/>)</para>
2520
<para>Read <xref linkend="remountfstabwithoutreboot"/></para>
2527
<para>How do I mount Windows partitions (FAT) on boot-up, and allow all users to read/write?</para>
2531
<para>Assuming that <filename class="devicefile">/dev/hda1</filename> is the location of the Windows partition (FAT) and the local mount folder is: <filename class="directory">/media/windows </filename></para>
2535
<para>Read <xref linkend="listpartitiontables"/></para>
2540
sudo mkdir /media/windows
2541
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
2542
sudo gedit /etc/fstab</screen>
2546
<para>Append the following line at the end of file</para>
2549
/dev/hda1 /media/windows vfat umask=000 0 0</programlisting>
2553
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/fstab_automountfat"/>)</para>
2556
<para>Read <xref linkend="remountfstabwithoutreboot"/></para>
2563
<chapter id="fg-users-administration" status="complete">
2564
<title id="users-administration">Users Administration</title>
2566
<qandaentry id="whatissudo">
2568
<para>How do I use Sudo?</para>
2572
<para>The root account is disabled in Ubuntu for security reasons.</para>
2576
<para>All the default configuration tools in Ubuntu already use sudo, so they will prompt you for your password if needed.</para>
2579
<para>To run other applications with sudo:</para>
2582
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
2583
<guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu>
2584
<guimenuitem>Run as different user</guimenuitem>
2589
<para>In the Run program dialog box, type the command you wish to run in the <application>Run:</application> editbox. In the <application>As user:</application> list choose <quote>root</quote>, then click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
2592
<para>You will be asked to enter your password (for your user account, not root). enter your password, then click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
2597
<qandaentry id="setchangeenablerootpassword" xreflabel="How do I set/change/enable the root user password?">
2599
<para>How do I set/change/enable root user password?</para>
2606
sudo passwd root</screen>
2612
<qandaentry id="disablerootaccount">
2614
<para>How do I disable root user account?</para>
2621
sudo passwd -l root</screen>
2629
<para>How do I allow root user to login into GNOME?</para>
2634
<para>Read <xref linkend="setchangeenablerootpassword"/></para>
2639
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
2640
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu>
2641
<guimenuitem>Login Screen Setup</guimenuitem>
2646
<para>Select the <guibutton>Security</guibutton> tab. Check the <guilabel>Allow root to login with GDM</guilabel> checkbox option.</para>
2653
<para>How do I switch to root user in Terminal mode?</para>
2660
sudo -s -H Password: <specify user password></screen>
2666
<qandaentry id="addeditdeletesystemusers" xreflabel="How do I add/edit/delete users?">
2668
<para>How do I add/edit/delete users?</para>
2675
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
2676
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu>
2677
<guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem>
2682
<para>Select the <guibutton>Users</guibutton> tab. Use the <guibutton>Add User ...</guibutton>, <guibutton>Properties</guibutton> or <guibutton>Delete</guibutton> buttons to add, edit, remove user accounts.</para>
2689
<para>How do I add/edit/delete system groups?</para>
2696
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
2697
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu>
2698
<guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem>
2703
<para>Select the <guibutton>Groups</guibutton> tab. Use the <guibutton>Add Group ...</guibutton>, <guibutton>Properties</guibutton>, <guibutton>Delete</guibutton> buttons to add, edit or delete system groups.</para>
2710
<para>How do I automatic login into GNOME (not secure)?</para>
2717
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
2718
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu>
2719
<guimenuitem>Login Screen Setup</guimenuitem>
2724
<para>Select the <guibutton>General</guibutton> tab. Check the <guilabel>Login a user automatically on first bootup</guilabel> checkbox option.</para>
2731
<para>How do I allow more people to administer the computer?</para>
2736
<para>Launch <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
2739
<para>Select the user</para>
2742
<para>Click on <guibutton>Properties</guibutton></para>
2745
<para>Click on the <guibutton>User Privileges tab</guibutton></para>
2748
<para>Check the <guilabel>Executing System Administration Tasks</guilabel> checkbox</para>
2755
<para>How do I use <quote>sudo</quote> without prompt for password (not secure)?</para>
2762
export EDITOR=vim &&
2763
sudo visudo</screen>
2767
<para>Find this line</para>
2771
system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL
2772
...</programlisting>
2776
<para>Replace with the following line</para>
2779
system_username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL</programlisting>
2783
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/sudoers_usesudowithoutpasswordprompt"/>)</para>
2790
<para>How do I explicitly destroy the <quote>sudo</quote> session?</para>
2805
<para>How do I change files/folders permissions?</para>
2810
<para>Right click the file or folder. Select the <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem> option. Select the <guibutton>Permissions</guibutton> tab. For the <guilabel>Owner</guilabel>, <guilabel>Group</guilabel> and <guilabel>Others</guilabel> check/uncheck the <option>Read</option>, <option>Write</option>, <option>Execute</option> options to set or unset permissions.</para>
2817
<para>How do I change files/folders ownership?</para>
2824
sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders</screen>
2832
<para>How do I change files/folders group ownership?</para>
2839
sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders</screen>
2847
<chapter id="fg-ing" status="complete">
2848
<title id="networking">Networking</title>
2850
<qandaentry id="confignetwork" xreflabel="How do I configure network connections?">
2852
<para>How do I configure network connections?</para>
2854
<!-- This answer is a bit basic, may be covered in userguide TBA -->
2860
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
2861
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu>
2862
<guimenuitem>Networking</guimenuitem>
2867
<para>Select the <guibutton>Connections</guibutton> tab. select the <option>Ethernet connection</option> interface from the list, then click the <guibutton>Properties</guibutton> button. Ensure that the <guibutton>This device is configured</guibutton> is checked. From the <guibutton>Configuration</guibutton> drop-list select <option>DHCP/Static IP address</option>, then click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
2870
<para>Select the <guibutton>DNS</guibutton> tab add or delete DNS Servers in the <guilabel>DNS Servers</guilabel> list.</para>
2877
<para>How do I activate/deactivate network connections?</para>
2884
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
2885
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu>
2886
<guimenuitem>Networking</guimenuitem>
2891
<para>Select <menuchoice><guimenuitem>Network settings</guimenuitem><interface>Connections Tab</interface><guilabel>Ethernet connection</guilabel></menuchoice><option>Activate/Deactivate</option></para>
2898
<para>How do I change computer name?</para>
2905
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
2906
<guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu>
2907
<guimenuitem>Networking</guimenuitem>
2912
<para>Select the <guibutton>General</guibutton> tab. Enter the name of the computer in the <guilabel>Hostname</guilabel> field.</para>
2915
<para>Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>, close all open applications and reboot.</para>
2922
<para>How do I browse network computers?</para>
2926
<para>Assuming that network connections have been configured properly. See <xref linkend="confignetwork"/> for more information.</para>
2930
<para>This screen lists all network servers and Samba servers, if computers, network folders or Sambas servers could not be found, try to access them directly.</para>
2933
<guimenu>Places</guimenu>
2934
<guimenuitem>Network Servers</guimenuitem>
2943
<para>How do I use the DynDNS service?</para>
2948
<para>Before beginning, ensure that your internet connection has been configured properly.</para>
2951
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
2954
<para>Register free Dynamic DNS at <ulink url="http://www.dyndns.org">http://www.dyndns.org</ulink>.</para>
2957
<para>Install the ipcheck package with <application>Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
2959
<literallayout>Networking (universe) > ipcheck
2966
sudo gedit /root/dyndns_update.sh</screen>
2970
<para>Insert the following lines into the new file</para>
2975
HOSTNAME=myhostname.dyndns.org
2977
if [ -f /root/ipcheck.dat ]; then
2978
ipcheck -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
2980
ipcheck --makedat -r checkip.dyndns.org:8245 $USERNAME $PASSWORD $HOSTNAME
2985
<para>Save the edited file</para>
2990
sudo chmod 700 /root/dyndns_update.sh
2991
sudo sh /root/dyndns_update.sh
2992
export EDITOR=gedit && sudo crontab -e</screen>
2996
<para>Append the following line at the end of file to refresh your IP in the DynDNS Database/DNS every hour. The ***** format equals minute, hour, date, month and year respectively.</para>
2999
00 * * * * sudo sh /root/dyndns_update.sh</screen>
3003
<para>Save the edited file</para>
3010
<para>How do I use Ethernet over Firewire?</para>
3014
<para>Enabling Ethernet over Firewire involves recompiling your kernel, which can seriously break your system. For more information, see <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelCompileHowto"/>.</para>
3018
<para>You need to compile a kernel including the following (NOT as modules):</para>
3019
<para>ieee1394</para>
3020
<para>ohci1394</para>
3021
<para>eth1394</para>
3024
<para>Reboot your PC</para>
3027
<para>Your firewire ethernet connection should be listed under System-> Administration-> Networking, or you can use <application>ifconfig</application> to list your network devices</para>
3030
<para>See <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/EthernetOverFirewire"/> for more information.</para>
3036
<!-- begin server apps -->
3037
<sect1 id="sect-samba-server" status="complete">
3038
<!-- edited this section to be simple and easier to understand -->
3039
<title id="samba-server">Samba Server</title>
3041
<qandaentry id="whatissamba">
3043
<para>What is Samba?</para>
3046
<para>Samba is a networking tool that enables Linux to participate in Windows networks. There are two parts to Samba, one being the server which shares out files and printers for other PC's to use, and the other being the client utilities, which allow Linux to access files and printers on other Windows/Samba PCs.</para>
3049
<qandaentry id="installsamba" xreflabel="How do I install Samba?">
3051
<para>How do I install Samba?</para>
3056
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
3059
<para>Install the samba and smbfs packages with <application>Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
3061
<literallayout>Networking > samba
3062
Cross Platform > smbfs</literallayout>
3068
<qandaentry id="addeditdeletenetworkusers" xreflabel="How do I add/edit/delete network users when using authentication?">
3070
<para>How do I add/edit/delete network users when using authentication?</para>
3075
<para>Read <xref linkend="installsamba"/></para>
3078
<para>To add network user</para>
3079
<orderedlist numeration="lowerroman">
3081
<para>Read <xref linkend="addeditdeletesystemusers"/></para>
3086
smbpasswd -a system_username
3087
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers</screen>
3091
<para>Insert the following line into the new file</para>
3093
system_username = "network username"</programlisting>
3096
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/smbusers_addeditdeletenetworkusers"/>)</para>
3101
<para>To edit network user</para>
3103
sudo smbpasswd -a system_username</screen>
3106
<para>To delete network user</para>
3108
sudo smbpasswd -x system_username</screen>
3115
<para>How do I share home folders with read only permission?</para>
3120
<para>Read <xref linkend="installsamba"/></para>
3125
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
3126
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf</screen>
3130
<para>Find this line</para>
3134
...</programlisting>
3137
<para>Replace with the following lines</para>
3139
security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers</programlisting>
3140
<para>Alternatively replace with the following line to skip authentication</para>
3142
security = share</programlisting>
3145
<para>Save the edited file ( <ulink url="sample/smb.conf_sharehomefoldersreadsecurityuser"/>)</para>
3148
<para>If using authentication read <xref linkend="addeditdeletenetworkusers"/></para>
3153
sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart</screen>
3161
<para>How do I share home folders with read/write permission?</para>
3166
<para>Read <xref linkend="installsamba"/></para>
3171
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
3172
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf</screen>
3176
<para>Find this line</para>
3180
...</programlisting>
3183
<para>Replace with the following lines</para>
3186
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers</programlisting>
3187
<para>Alternatively replace with the following line to skip authentication</para>
3189
security = share</programlisting>
3192
<para>Find this section</para>
3195
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
3196
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
3198
...</programlisting>
3201
<para>Replace with the following lines</para>
3203
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
3204
# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
3205
writable = yes</programlisting>
3208
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/smb.conf_sharehomefoldersreadwritesecurityuser"/>)</para>
3211
<para>If using authentication read <xref linkend="addeditdeletenetworkusers"/></para>
3216
sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart</screen>
3224
<para>How do I share a group folder with read only permission?</para>
3229
<para>Read <xref linkend="installsamba"/></para>
3234
sudo mkdir /home/group sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
3235
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
3236
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf</screen>
3240
<para>Find this line</para>
3244
...</programlisting>
3247
<para>Replace with the following lines</para>
3250
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers</programlisting>
3251
<para>Alternatively replace with the following line to skip authentication</para>
3253
security = share</programlisting>
3256
<para>Append the following lines at the end of file</para>
3259
comment = Group Folder
3263
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
3265
directory mask = 0700
3267
force group = nogroup</programlisting>
3270
<para>Save the edited file ( <ulink url="sample/smb.conf_sharegroupfoldersreadsecurityuser"/>)</para>
3273
<para>If using authentication read <xref linkend="addeditdeletenetworkusers"/></para>
3278
sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart</screen>
3286
<para>How do I share a group folder with read/write permission?</para>
3291
<para>Read <xref linkend="installsamba"/></para>
3296
sudo mkdir /home/group sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
3297
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
3298
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf</screen>
3302
<para>Find this line</para>
3306
...</programlisting>
3309
<para>Replace with the following lines</para>
3312
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers</programlisting>
3313
<para>Alternatively replace with the following line to skip authentication</para>
3315
security = share</programlisting>
3318
<para>Append the following lines at the end of file</para>
3321
comment = Group Folder
3325
valid users = system_username1 system_username2
3327
directory mask = 0700
3329
force group = nogroup</programlisting>
3332
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/smb.conf_sharegroupfoldersreadwritesecurityuser"/>)</para>
3335
<para>If using authentication read <xref linkend="addeditdeletenetworkusers"/></para>
3340
sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart</screen>
3348
<para>How do I share public folders with read only permission?</para>
3353
<para>Read <xref linkend="installsamba"/></para>
3358
sudo mkdir /home/public
3359
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
3360
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
3361
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf</screen>
3365
<para>Find this line</para>
3369
...</programlisting>
3372
<para>Replace with the following lines</para>
3375
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers</programlisting>
3376
<para>Alternatively replace with the following line to skip authentication</para>
3378
security = share</programlisting>
3381
<para>Append the following lines at the end of file</para>
3384
comment = Public Folder
3389
directory mask = 0777
3391
force group = nogroup</screen>
3394
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/smb.conf_sharepublicfoldersreadsecurityuser"/>)</para>
3397
<para>If using authentication read <xref linkend="addeditdeletenetworkusers"/></para>
3402
sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart</screen>
3410
<para>How do I share public folders with read/write permission?</para>
3415
<para>Read <xref linkend="installsamba"/></para>
3420
sudo mkdir /home/public
3421
sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
3422
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
3423
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf</screen>
3427
<para>Find this line</para>
3434
<para>Replace with the following lines to use authentication</para>
3437
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers</programlisting>
3438
<para>Alternatively replace with the following line to skip authentication</para>
3445
<para>Append the following lines at the end of file</para>
3448
comment = Public Folder
3453
directory mask = 0777
3455
force group = nogroup</programlisting>
3458
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/smb.conf_sharepublicfoldersreadwritesecurityuser"/>)</para>
3461
<para>If using authentication read <xref linkend="addeditdeletenetworkusers"/></para>
3466
sudo testparm sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart</screen>
3474
<sect1 id="sect-anti-virus" status="complete">
3475
<title id="antivirus-server">AntiVirus Server</title>
3477
<qandaentry id="whatisclamav">
3479
<para>What is Clam AntiVirus (ClamAV) Server?</para>
3482
<para>Clam AntiVirus (ClamAV) is an anti-virus toolkit for Unix/Linux operating systems. Typically ClamAV is intergrated with email servers and can also be used to scan individual files. Linux rarely suffers from viruses and other nasties that infect other operating systems, so most likely you don't need to install ClamAV.</para>
3485
<qandaentry id="installclamav" xreflabel="How do I install ClamAV AntiVirus Server?">
3487
<para>How do I install ClamAV AntiVirus Server?</para>
3492
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
3495
<para>Install the clamav package with <application>Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
3497
<literallayout>Utilities (universe) > clamav</literallayout>
3505
<para>How do I manually update the virus databases?</para>
3510
<para>Read <xref linkend="installclamav"/></para>
3515
sudo freshclam</screen>
3523
<para>How do I manually scan files/folders for viruses?</para>
3528
<para>Read <xref linkend="installclamav"/></para>
3533
sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders</screen>
3541
<para>How do I automatically scan files/folders for viruses?</para>
3546
<para>Read <xref linkend="installclamav"/></para>
3551
export EDITOR=vim &&
3552
sudo crontab -e</screen>
3556
<para>The format <quote>* * * * *</quote> below refers to: minute hour date month year</para>
3557
<para>Append the following line at the end of file</para>
3559
00 00 * * * sudo clamscan -r /location_of_files_or_folders</programlisting>
3562
<para>Save the edited file</para>
3569
<sect1 id="sect-ssh-server" status="complete">
3570
<title id="ssh-server">SSH Server</title>
3572
<qandaentry id="whatissshserver">
3574
<para>What is a SSH Server?</para>
3577
<para>SSH is a secure, encrypted way to make connections to remote hosts or servers. A SSH server accepts connections from SSH aware clients and allows them to log into the system as if they are sitting right in front of it. You can run shell and X based programs remotely using SSH.</para>
3580
<qandaentry id="installssh" xreflabel="How do I install an SSH Server?">
3582
<para>How do I install an SSH Server?</para>
3587
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
3590
<para>Install the ssh and openssh-server packages with <application>Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
3592
<literallayout>Networking > ssh
3593
Networking > openssh-server</literallayout>
3601
<para>How do I SSH into a remote Ubuntu machine?</para>
3605
<para>Assuming that the remote Ubuntu machine has installed SSH Server service. Read <xref linkend="installssh"/>. Remote Ubuntu machine IP address:192.168.0.1</para>
3611
ssh username@192.168.0.1</screen>
3619
<para>How do I copy files/folders from a remote Ubuntu machine into a local machine (scp)?</para>
3623
<para>Assuming that the remote Ubuntu machine has installed SSH Server service. Read <xref linkend="installssh"/>. Remote Ubuntu machine IP address:192.168.0.1, Remote files/folders location: <filename>/home/username/remotefile.txt</filename> Local machine save location: . (current directory)</para>
3629
scp -r username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .</screen>
3637
<para>How do I copy files/folders from a local machine into a remote Ubuntu machine (scp)?</para>
3641
<para>Assuming that the remote Ubuntu machine has installed SSH Server service. Read <xref linkend="installssh"/>. Remote Ubuntu machine IP address:192.168.0.1, Local files/folders location: <filename>localfile.txt</filename> Remote Ubuntu save location: <filename>/home/username/</filename></para>
3647
scp -r localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/</screen>
3655
<para>How do I copy files/folders from a remote Ubuntu machine into a local machine (rsync)?</para>
3659
<para>Assuming that the remote Ubuntu machine has installed SSH Server service. Read <xref linkend="installssh"/>. Remote Ubuntu machine IP address:192.168.0.1, Remote files/folders location: <filename>/home/username/remotefile.txt</filename> Local machine save location: . (current directory)</para>
3665
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/remotefile.txt .</screen>
3673
<para>How do I copy files/folders from a local machine into a remote Ubuntu machine (rsync)?</para>
3677
<para>Assuming that the remote Ubuntu machine has installed SSH Server service. Read <xref linkend="installssh"/>. Remote Ubuntu machine IP address:192.168.0.1, Remote save location: <filename>/home/username/</filename> Local file name: localfile.txt</para>
3683
rsync -v -u -a --delete --rsh=ssh --stats localfile.txt username@192.168.0.1:/home/username/</screen>
3691
<para>How do I SSH into a remote Ubuntu machine from a Windows machine?</para>
3695
<para>Assuming that the remote Ubuntu machine has installed SSH Server service. Read <xref linkend="installssh"/>.</para>
3699
<para>Download <ulink url="http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/putty.exe">PuTTY</ulink></para>
3706
<para>How do I copy files/folders from/into a remote Ubuntu machine from a Windows machine?</para>
3710
<para>Assuming that the remote Ubuntu machine has installed SSH Server service. Read <xref linkend="installssh"/>.</para>
3714
<para>Download <ulink url="http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/winscp374setupintl.exe">WinSCP</ulink></para>
3721
<sect1 id="sect-dhcp-server" status="complete">
3722
<title id="dhcp-server">DHCP Server</title>
3724
<qandaentry id="whatisdhcpserver">
3726
<para>What is a DHCP Server?</para>
3729
<para>A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network setting for a given network to other networked PCs that ask. This simplifies network administration and makes connecting new PCs to a network much easier.</para>
3732
<qandaentry id="dhcp3-server_installdhcpserver" xreflabel="How do I install a DHCP Server?">
3734
<para>How do I install a DHCP Server?</para>
3738
<para>For these examples we are using <quote>eth0</quote> and the following:</para>
3739
<para>IP address range: 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.200</para>
3740
<para>Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0</para>
3741
<para>DNS Servers: 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5</para>
3742
<para>Domains: tm.net.my</para>
3743
<para>Gateway Address: 192.168.0.1</para>
3747
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
3750
<para>Install the dhcp3-server package with <application>Synaptic</application>(See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
3752
<literallayout>Networking > dhcp3-server
3759
sudo cp /etc/default/dhcp3-server /etc/default/dhcp3-server_backup
3760
sudo gedit /etc/default/dhcp3-server</screen>
3764
<para>Find this line</para>
3766
... INTERFACES=""</programlisting>
3769
<para>Replace with the following line</para>
3771
INTERFACES="eth0"</programlisting>
3774
<para>Save the edited file (<xref linkend="dhcp3-server_installdhcpserver"/>)</para>
3779
sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_backup
3780
sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf</screen>
3784
<para>Find this section</para>
3787
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
3788
option domain-name "example.org";
3789
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;
3791
default-lease-time 600;
3792
max-lease-time 7200;
3793
...</programlisting>
3796
<para>Replace with the following lines</para>
3798
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
3799
#option domain-name "example.org";
3800
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;
3802
#default-lease-time 600;
3803
#max-lease-time 7200;</programlisting>
3806
<para>Find this section <programlisting>
3808
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
3809
#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
3810
# range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
3811
# option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
3812
# option domain-name "internal.example.org";
3813
# option routers 10.5.5.1;
3814
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
3815
# default-lease-time 600;
3816
# max-lease-time 7200;
3818
...</programlisting></para>
3821
<para>Replace with the following lines</para>
3823
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
3824
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
3825
range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.200;
3826
option domain-name-servers 202.188.0.133, 202.188.1.5;
3827
option domain-name "tm.net.my";
3828
option routers 192.168.0.1;
3829
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
3830
default-lease-time 600;
3831
max-lease-time 7200;
3835
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/dhcpd.conf_installdhcpserver"/>)</para>
3840
sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart</screen>
3848
<sect1 id="sect-database-server" status="complete">
3849
<title id="database-server">MySQL Database Server</title>
3851
<qandaentry id="whatismysql">
3853
<para>What is a MySQL Database Server?</para>
3856
<para>MySQL is a relational database management system that uses the Structured Query Language (SQL) to manage databases. A typical use for a MySQL Database server is the storage of information for the generation of dynamic webpages.</para>
3859
<qandaentry id="installmysqldatabaseserver" xreflabel="How do I install a MYSQL Database Server?">
3861
<para>How do I install a MYSQL Database Server?</para>
3866
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
3869
<para>Install the mysql-server package with <application>Synaptic</application>(See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
3871
<literallayout>Miscellaneous - Text Based > mysql-server</literallayout>
3875
<para>Next, set the MYSQL root password:</para><para>
3877
mysqladmin -u root password db_user_password</screen>
3885
<sect1 id="sect-apache-http-server" status="complete">
3886
<title id="apache-http-server">Apache HTTP Server</title>
3888
<qandaentry id="whatisapache">
3890
<para>What is the Apache HTTP server?</para>
3893
<para>Apache is the world's most popular web server. It runs on both Unix-like and Windows operating systems, conforms to web standards and can be extended with additional modules. Its claimed the name <quote>Apache</quote> came from the fact that it originally consisted of changes to the NCSA HTTPd v1.3 server and therefore was <quote>a patchy</quote> server.</para>
3896
<qandaentry id="installapachehttpserver" xreflabel="How do I install the Apache HTTP Server?">
3898
<para>How do I install the Apache HTTP Server?</para>
3903
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
3906
<para>Install the apache2 package with <application>Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
3908
<literallayout>World Wide Web > apache2</literallayout>
3913
<ulink url="http://localhost">http://localhost</ulink>
3919
<qandaentry id="installphpapache" xreflabel="How do I install PHP for the Apache HTTP Server?">
3921
<para>How do I install PHP for the Apache HTTP Server?</para>
3926
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
3929
<para>Read <xref linkend="installapachehttpserver"/></para>
3932
<para>Install the php4 package with <application>Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
3934
<literallayout>World Wide Web (universe) > php4</literallayout>
3940
sudo gedit /var/www/testphp.php</screen>
3944
<para>Insert the following line into the new file</para>
3946
<?php phpinfo(); ?></programlisting>
3949
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/testphp.php_installphpapache"/>)</para>
3953
<ulink url="http://localhost/testphp.php">http://localhost/testphp.php</ulink>
3961
<para>How do I install MYSQL for the Apache HTTP Server?</para>
3966
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
3969
<para>Read <xref linkend="installapachehttpserver"/></para>
3972
<para>Read <xref linkend="installmysqldatabaseserver"/></para>
3975
<para>Read <xref linkend="installphpapache"/></para>
3978
<para>Install the libapache2-mod-auth-mysql and php4-mysql packages with <application>Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
3980
<literallayout>World Wide Web > libapache2-mod-auth-mysql
3981
World Wide Web (universe) > php4-mysql
3988
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart</screen>
3996
<para>How do I map URLs to folders outside /var/www/?</para>
4001
<para>Read <xref linkend="installapachehttpserver"/></para>
4006
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias</screen>
4010
<para>Insert the following lines into the new file</para>
4012
Alias /URL-path /location_of_folder/
4014
<Directory /location_of_folder/%gt;
4015
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
4019
</Directory></programlisting>
4022
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/alias_mapURLstofoldersoutsidewww"/>)</para>
4027
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart</screen>
4032
<ulink url="http://localhost/URL-path">http://localhost/URL-path</ulink>
4038
<qandaentry id="changeportnumberapache" xreflabel="How do I change the default port number for the Apache HTTP Server?">
4040
<para>How do I change the default port number for the Apache HTTP Server?</para>
4044
<para>Assuming that the new port number is <quote>79</quote></para>
4048
<para>Read <xref linkend="installapachehttpserver"/></para>
4053
sudo cp /etc/apache2/ports.conf /etc/apache2/ports.conf_backup
4054
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/ports.conf</screen>
4058
<para>Find this line</para>
4060
Listen 80</programlisting>
4063
<para>Replace with the following line</para>
4065
Listen 79</programlisting>
4068
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/ports.conf_changeportnumberapache"/>)</para>
4073
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart</screen>
4078
<ulink url="http://localhost:79">http://localhost:79</ulink>
4086
<para>How do I browse the changed port number for the Apache HTTP Server in Mozilla Firefox?</para>
4090
<para>Assuming that the new port number is <quote>79</quote></para>
4094
<para>Read <xref linkend="changeportnumberapache"/></para>
4099
sudo cp /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/greprefs/all.js /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/greprefs/all.js_backup
4100
sudo gedit /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/greprefs/all.js</screen>
4104
<para>Find this section</para>
4107
// If there is ever a security firedrill that requires
4108
// us to block certian ports global, this is the pref
4109
// to use. Is is a comma delimited list of port numbers
4111
// pref("network.security.ports.banned", "1,2,3,4,5");
4112
// prevents necko connecting to ports 1-5 unless the protocol
4114
...</programlisting>
4117
<para>Add the following line below it</para>
4119
pref("network.security.ports.banned.override", "79");
4123
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/all.js_browsechangedportnumberfirefox"/>)</para>
4126
<para>Restart Mozilla Firefox</para>
4133
<sect1 id="fg-streaming-media-server" status="complete">
4134
<title id="streaming-media-server">Streaming Media Server</title>
4136
<qandaentry id="installgnump3d" xreflabel="How do I install GNUMP3d for the Streaming Media Server service?">
4138
<para>How do I install GNUMP3d for the Streaming Media Server service?</para>
4142
<para>Assuming that <filename>/var/music/</filename> is the directory containing multimedia files</para>
4146
<para>Read <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/></para>
4149
<para>Read <xref linkend="installapachehttpserver"/></para>
4152
<para>Install the gnump3d package with <application>Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
4154
<literallayout>Multimedia (universe) > gnump3d</literallayout>
4159
<ulink url="http://localhost:8888">http://localhost:8888</ulink>
4167
<para>How do I change the default directory containing multimedia files for GNUMP3d?</para>
4171
<para>Assuming that the new directory containing multimedia files is <filename>/home/music/</filename></para>
4175
<para>Read <xref linkend="installgnump3d"/></para>
4180
sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
4181
sudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf</screen>
4185
<para>Find this line</para>
4187
root = /var/music</programlisting>
4190
<para>Replace with the following line <programlisting>
4191
root = /home/music</programlisting></para>
4194
<para>Find this line</para>
4196
user = gnump3d</programlisting>
4199
<para>Replace with the following line</para>
4201
user = root</programlisting>
4204
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/gnump3d.conf_changedirectorymultimediagnump3d"/>)</para>
4209
sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart</screen>
4214
<ulink url="http://localhost:8888">http://localhost:8888</ulink>
4222
<para>How do I change the default port number for GNUMP3d?</para>
4226
<para>Assuming that the new port number is <quote>7979</quote></para>
4230
<para>Read <xref linkend="installgnump3d"/></para>
4233
<para>Assuming that new port number is 7979</para>
4238
sudo cp /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf_backup
4239
sudo gedit /etc/gnump3d/gnump3d.conf</screen>
4243
<para>Find this line</para>
4245
port = 8888</programlisting>
4248
<para>Replace with the following line <screen> port = 7979</screen></para>
4251
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/gnump3d.conf_changeportnumbergnump3d"/>)</para>
4256
sudo /etc/init.d/gnump3d restart</screen>
4261
<ulink url="http://localhost:7979">http://localhost:7979</ulink>
4270
<chapter id="fg-rescuemode" status="complete">
4271
<title id="rescuemode">Rescue Mode</title>
4273
<qandaentry id="gainrootwithoutlogin" xreflabel="How to gain root user access without login?">
4275
<para>How to gain root user access without login?</para>
4280
<para>Easiest method (will not work if GRUB menu password is set)</para>
4281
<orderedlist numeration="lowerroman">
4283
<para>Boot-up computer</para>
4286
<para>If GRUB menu is hidden, press <keycap>Esc</keycap> to enter the GRUB menu</para>
4289
<para>Select <option>Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.12-8-386 (recovery mode)</option></para>
4292
<para>Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to boot</para>
4297
<para>Another method is described at <xref linkend="gainrootinstallcd"/></para>
4304
<para>How to modify kernel boot-up arguments, to gain root user access?</para>
4309
<para>Boot-up computer</para>
4312
<para>If GRUB menu is hidden, press <keycap>Esc</keycap> to enter the GRUB menu</para>
4315
<para>If GRUB password is set, press <keycap>p</keycap> to unlock the GRUB menu</para>
4318
<para>Select <option>Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.12-8-386</option></para>
4321
<para>Press <keycap>e</keycap> to edit the commands before booting</para>
4324
<para>Select <option>kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.12-8-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash</option></para>
4327
<para>Press <keycap>e</keycap> to edit the selected command in the boot sequence</para>
4330
<para>Add <command>rw init=/bin/bash</command> to the end of the arguments</para>
4332
grub edit> kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.12-8-386 root=/dev/hda2 ro quiet splash rw init=/bin/bash</screen>
4335
<para>Press <keycap>b</keycap> to boot</para>
4340
<qandaentry id="gainrootinstallcd" xreflabel="How to use a Ubuntu installation CD to gain root user access?">
4342
<para>How to use a Ubuntu installation CD to gain root user access?</para>
4347
<para>Boot-up computer into Ubuntu Installation CD</para>
4350
<para>At <quote>boot:</quote> prompt, add <quote>rescue</quote> to the argument</para>
4352
boot: rescue</screen>
4355
<para>Follow the instructions on screen</para>
4362
<para>How to change root user/main user password if forgotten?</para>
4367
<para>Read <xref linkend="gainrootwithoutlogin"/></para>
4370
<para>To change root user password</para>
4372
# passwd root</screen>
4375
<para>To change main user password</para>
4377
# passwd system_main_username</screen>
4384
<para>How to change GRUB menu password if forgotten?</para>
4394
Password: ****** (ubuntu)
4395
Encrypted: $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password)
4398
sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
4399
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst</screen>
4403
<para>Find this line</para>
4406
password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
4407
...</programlisting>
4410
<para>Replace with the following line</para>
4412
password --md5 $1$ZWnke0$1fzDBVjUcT1Mpdd4u/T961 (encrypted password above)
4416
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/menu.lst_changegrubpasswordforgotten"/>)</para>
4423
<para>How to restore GRUB menu after Windows installation?</para>
4428
<para>Read <xref linkend="gainrootinstallcd"/></para>
4431
<para>Assuming that <filename class="devicefile">/dev/hda</filename> is the location of <filename class="partition">/boot</filename> partition</para>
4436
# grub-install /dev/hda</screen>
4444
<para>How to add Windows entry into GRUB menu?</para>
4449
<para>If you need to reinstall GRUB, read <xref linkend="listpartitiontables"/></para>
4452
<para>Launch <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Boot</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
4455
<para>Click on Add.</para>
4458
<para>Choose a name such as "Windows XP" and the OS type is unknown.</para>
4461
<para>Assuming that <filename class="devicefile">/dev/hda1</filename> is the location of Windows partition, choose that from the drop-down list</para>
4468
<para>How to read Linux partitions (ext2, ext3) in Windows?</para>
4473
<para>Download <ulink url="http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">Ext2fs</ulink></para>
4480
<chapter id="fg-tips-and-tricks" status="complete">
4481
<title id="tips-and-tricks">Tips & Tricks</title>
4483
<qandaentry id="restartgnomewithoutreboot" xreflabel="How do I restart GNOME without rebooting the computer?">
4485
<para>How do I restart GNOME without rebooting the computer?</para>
4490
<para>Save and close all open applications.</para>
4493
<para>Use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap></keycombo> shortcut keys to restart GNOME.</para>
4496
<para>If <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap></keycombo> is disabled, type <screen>sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart</screen></para>
4497
<para>(See <xref linkend="disableCtrlAltBackspace"/> to disable <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Backspace</keycap></keycombo>.)</para>
4504
<para>How do I automatically turn on <keycap>Num Lock</keycap> when GNOME starts?</para>
4509
<para>Make sure the universe repository is enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
4512
<para>Install the numlockx package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>) <literallayout>x11 (universe) > numlockx</literallayout></para>
4515
<para>Make a backup copy of your existing <filename>/etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default</filename> file. <screen>sudo cp /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default_backup</screen></para>
4518
<para>Open <filename>/etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default</filename> for editing. <screen>sudo gedit /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default</screen></para>
4521
<para>Find this line (It should be the last line in the file).</para>
4522
<programlisting>exit 0</programlisting>
4526
<para>Add the following lines above the "exit 0" line.</para>
4528
if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
4529
/usr/bin/numlockx on
4534
<para>Save the edited file. (See <ulink url="sample/Default_numlockx"/> for an example.)</para>
4537
<para>The change will take effect the next time you log in to GNOME. If you want to test it right away, turn off Num Lock and restart GNOME (See <xref linkend="restartgnomewithoutreboot"/>)</para>
4542
<para>How do I run programs automatically when GNOME starts?</para>
4547
<para>Choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
4550
<para>Click on the <guibutton>Startup Programs</guibutton> tab.</para>
4553
<para>Use the <guibutton>Add</guibutton>, <guibutton>Edit</guibutton>, and <guibutton>Delete</guibutton> buttons to manage programs to run at startup.</para>
4560
<para>How do I switch to Console mode?</para>
4565
<para>Use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> shortcut keys to switch to the first console.</para>
4568
<para>To switch back to Desktop mode, use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo> shorcut keys.</para>
4572
<para>There are six consoles available. Each one is accessible with the shortcut keys <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo> to <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F6</keycap></keycombo>.</para>
4576
<qandaentry id="disableCtrlAltBackspace" xreflabel="How do I disable the Ctrl-Alt-Backspace shortcut keys from restarting X?">
4578
<para>How do I disable the Ctrl-Alt-Backspace shortcut keys from restarting X?</para>
4583
<para>Make a backup copy of your existing <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> file. <screen>sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup</screen></para>
4586
<para>Open <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> for editing. <screen>sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf</screen></para>
4589
<para>Add the following lines to the end of the file: <programlisting>Section "ServerFlags"
4590
Option "DontZap" "yes"
4591
EndSection</programlisting></para>
4593
<listitem os="gnome">
4594
<para>Save the edited file. (See <ulink url="sample/xorg.conf_disablectrlaltbackspacegnome"/> for an example.)</para>
4596
<listitem os="gnome">
4597
<para>The change will take effect the next time you log in to GNOME. If you want the change to take effect immediately, restart GNOME manually. (See <xref linkend="restartgnomewithoutreboot"/>)</para>
4602
<qandaentry os="gnome">
4604
<para>How do I use spatial mode in <application>Nautilus</application>?</para>
4609
<para>In <application>Nautilus</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu></menuchoice>.</para>
4612
<para>Click on the <guilabel>Behaviour</guilabel> tab.</para>
4615
<para>Unselect the <guilabel>Always open in browser windows</guilabel> check box.</para>
4618
<para>Close and reopen <application>Nautilus</application>.</para>
4625
<para>How do I show hidden files and folders in <application><phrase os="gnome">Nautilus</phrase></application>?</para>
4630
<para os="gnome">In <application>Nautilus</application>, use the <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>H</keycap></keycombo> shortcut keys to toggle hidden files and folders on and off.</para>
4632
<listitem os="gnome">
4633
<para>To permanently show all hidden files and folders, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
4635
<listitem os="gnome">
4636
<para>Click on the <guilabel>Views</guilabel> tab.</para>
4638
<listitem os="gnome">
4639
<para>Select the <guilabel>Show hidden and backup files</guilabel> check box.</para>
4646
<para>How can I browse files and folders as root user in <application><phrase os="gnome">Nautilus</phrase></application>?</para>
4651
<para>Start a new desktop configuration file in the <filename>/usr/share/applications</filename> directory. <screen>sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nautilus-root.desktop</screen> A blank file called Nautilus-root.desktop opens in gedit.</para>
4654
<para>Add the following lines to the new file:</para>
4655
<programlisting>[Desktop Entry]
4656
Name=File Browser (Root)
4657
Comment=Browse the filesystem with the file manager
4658
Exec=gksudo "nautilus --browser %U"
4662
Categories=Application;System;</programlisting>
4665
<para>Save the file and close <application>gedit</application>. (See <ulink url="sample/Nautilus-root.desktop_browsefilesfoldersasrootnautilus"/> for an example.)</para>
4668
<para>To start <application>Nautilus</application> as the root user, choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>File Browser (Root)</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
4675
<para>How can I <phrase os="gnome">view</phrase> remote SSH, FTP, and SFTP servers using <phrase os="gnome">Nautilus</phrase>?</para>
4680
<para>Make sure the <application>Nautilus</application><guilabel>Location Bar</guilabel> is open. Toggle the bar on and off with <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guisubmenu>Location Bar</guisubmenu></menuchoice></para>
4683
<para>In the <guilabel>Location Bar</guilabel>, enter the following:</para>
4684
<para>For SSH, use: <screen><phrase os="gnome">ssh</phrase>://username@ssh.server.com</screen></para>
4685
<para>For FTP, use: <screen>ftp://username@ftp.server.com</screen></para>
4686
<para>For SFTP, use: <screen><phrase os="gnome">sftp</phrase>://username@sftp.server.com</screen></para>
4687
<para>Replace username with your username and replace everything after the @ symbol with the server's address. You will be prompted for a password if needed. If there is no username (anonymous) omit the username and the @ symbol.</para>
4688
<para>Alternatively, to specify your password manually, change one of the above like so: <screen>ftp://username:password@ftp.server.com</screen></para>
4695
<para>How can I show the Computer, Home, and Trash desktop icons in GNOME?</para>
4697
<!-- Using gTweakUI as a frontend to Configuration Editor -->
4701
<para>Make sure the universe and multiverse repositories are enabled. (See <xref linkend="addinguniverse"/>)</para>
4704
<para>Install the gtweakui package with <application os="gnome">Synaptic</application> (See <xref linkend="synaptic-usage"/>)</para>
4706
<literallayout>Gnome (universe) > gtweakui</literallayout>
4710
<para>After <application>gTweakUI</application> is installed, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gTweakUI - Nautilus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
4712
<listitem os="gnome">
4713
<para>Select the <guilabel>Show computer icon</guilabel>, <guilabel>Show home icon</guilabel>, and <guilabel>Show trash icon</guilabel> check boxes. The changes take effect immediately.</para>
4720
<para>How do I change the default file type "Open with" program?</para>
4725
<para>In <application>Nautilus</application>, right click on the file and choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Properties</guimenu></menuchoice> from the menu that appears. The <guilabel>Properties</guilabel> dialog opens.</para>
4728
<para>Click on the <guibutton>Open With</guibutton> tab. A list of applications appears.</para>
4731
<para>Select the default application you want for the file type. If the application is not on the list, use the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button to add the application to the list.</para>
4738
<para>How can I change my preferred email client to Mozilla Thunderbird?</para>
4743
<para>To install <application>Thunderbird</application>, see <xref linkend="thunderbird"/></para>
4746
<para>Choose <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Preferred Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
4749
<para>Click on the <guibutton>Mail Reader</guibutton> tab, and select the <guilabel>Custom</guilabel> option.</para>
4752
<para>In the <guilabel>Command</guilabel> text box, type <userinput>
4753
<command>mozilla-thunderbird %s</command></userinput>, then close the dialog.</para>
4760
<para>How do I open files as root user via right click?</para>
4766
<screen>gedit $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root</screen>
4770
<para>Insert the following lines into the new file</para>
4771
<programlisting>for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
4772
gnome-sudo "gnome-open $uri" &
4773
done</programlisting>
4776
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/Open-as-root_openfilesasrootviarightclick"/>)</para>
4780
<screen>chmod +x $HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Open\ as\ root</screen>
4784
<para>Right click on the file and <menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenuitem>Scripts</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Open as root</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
4791
<para>How do I disable beep sound in Terminal mode?</para>
4796
<para>Start a <application os="gnome">Terminal</application> session, select: <phrase os="gnome"><menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice></phrase> from the desktop menu system.</para>
4799
<para><menuchoice os="gnome"><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Current Profile...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> .Select the <guibutton>General</guibutton> tab. Uncheck the <guilabel>Terminal bell</guilabel> checkbox.</para>
4806
<para>How do I load Web site faster in Mozilla Firefox?</para>
4812
<menuchoice os="gnome">
4813
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
4814
<guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
4815
<guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem>
4820
<para>In the <interface>Navigation toolbar </interface> URL field enter <userinput>
4821
<command>about:config</command>
4822
</userinput>.</para>
4825
<para>Use the <guilabel>Filter</guilabel> field to change the following parameters:</para>
4828
<para><emphasis>network.dns.disableIPv6</emphasis> - Set the <option>Value</option> parameter to <option>true</option>.</para>
4831
<para><emphasis>network.http.pipelining</emphasis> - Set the <option>Value</option> parameter to <option>true</option>.</para>
4834
<para><emphasis>network.http.pipelining.maxrequests</emphasis> - Set the <option>Value</option> parameter to <option>8</option>.</para>
4837
<para><emphasis>network.http.proxy.pipelining</emphasis> - Set the <option>Value</option> parameter to <option>true</option>.</para>
4842
<para>Restart Mozilla Firefox</para>
4849
<para>How do I disable beep sound for link find function in Mozilla Firefox?</para>
4855
<menuchoice os="gnome">
4856
<guimenu>Applications</guimenu>
4857
<guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu>
4858
<guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem>
4863
<!-- markup against system -->
4864
<para>Mozilla Firefox <screen>Address Bar -> <emphasis role="bold">about:config</emphasis>
4865
Filter: -> <emphasis role="bold">accessibility.typeaheadfind.enablesound</emphasis> ->
4866
<emphasis role="bold">false</emphasis></screen></para>
4869
<para>Restart Mozilla Firefox</para>
4876
<para>How do I restore the original icons for Mozilla Firefox?</para>
4882
<screen>wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/mozilla-firefox.png
4883
wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/document.png
4884
chmod 644 mozilla-firefox.png
4885
chmod 644 document.png
4886
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.png
4887
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.xpm
4888
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/default.xpm
4889
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/document.png
4890
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm
4891
sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.png
4892
sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.xpm
4893
sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/default.xpm
4894
sudo cp document.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/document.png
4895
sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm</screen>
4899
<para>Read <xref linkend="restartgnomewithoutreboot"/></para>
4906
<para>How do I restore the original icons for Mozilla Thunderbird?</para>
4912
<screen>wget -c http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
4913
chmod 644 mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
4914
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
4915
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-menu.xpm
4916
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-pm-menu.xpm
4917
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
4918
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow16.xpm
4919
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow.xpm
4920
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm
4921
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
4922
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-menu.xpm
4923
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-pm-menu.xpm
4924
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
4925
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow16.xpm
4926
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow.xpm
4927
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm</screen>
4931
<para>Read <xref linkend="restartgnomewithoutreboot"/></para>
4938
<para>How do I install/uninstall .deb file?</para>
4943
<para>To install .deb file</para>
4944
<screen>sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb</screen>
4947
<para>To uninstall .deb file</para>
4948
<screen>sudo dpkg -r package_name</screen>
4955
<para>How do I convert .rpm file to .deb file?</para>
4961
<screen>sudo alien package_file.rpm</screen>
4969
<para>How do I rename all files in a directory at once?</para>
4975
<screen>wget -c <ulink url="http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/mvb_1.6.tgz">http://frankandjacq.com/ubuntuguide/mvb_1.6.tgz</ulink>
4976
sudo tar zxvf mvb_1.6.tgz -C /usr/
4977
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/mvb_1.6/
4978
sudo ln -fs /usr/mvb_1.6/mvb /usr/bin/mvb mvb -h</screen>
4986
<para>How do I set system-wide environment variables?</para>
4992
<screen>sudo cp /etc/bash.bashrc /etc/bash.bashrc_backup
4993
sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc</screen>
4997
<para>Append the System-wide Environment Variables at the end of file</para>
5000
<para>Save the edited file</para>
5007
<para>How do I save <quote>man</quote> outputs into file?</para>
5013
<screen>man command | col -b > file.txt</screen>
5021
<para>How do I generate MD5 checksum file?</para>
5027
<screen>md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5</screen>
5035
<para>How do I check MD5 checksum of files?</para>
5040
<para>Assuming that <filename>file.iso</filename> and <filename>file.iso.md5</filename> are in the same folder.</para>
5044
<screen>md5sum -c file.iso.md5</screen>
5052
<para>How do I mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning?</para>
5057
<para>To mount Image (ISO) file</para>
5058
<screen>sudo mkdir /media/iso
5060
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop</screen>
5063
<para>To unmount Image (ISO) file</para>
5064
<screen>sudo umount <filename>/media/iso/</filename></screen>
5071
<para>How do I change the timeout seconds for GRUB menu on boot-up?</para>
5077
<screen>sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
5078
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst</screen>
5082
<para>Find this line</para>
5085
...</programlisting>
5088
<para>Replace with the following line</para>
5089
<programlisting>timeout X_seconds</programlisting>
5092
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/menu.list_increasedecreasetimeoutgrub"/>)</para>
5099
<para>How do I change default Operating System boot-up for GRUB menu?</para>
5105
<screen>sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
5106
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst</screen>
5110
<para>Find this line</para>
5113
...</programlisting>
5116
<para>Replace with the following line</para>
5117
<programlisting>default X_sequence</programlisting>
5120
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/menu.list_changedefaultosgrub"/>)</para>
5125
<qandaentry id="temporaryskipboot-upservices" xreflabel="How do I temporary skip boot-up services?">
5127
<para>How do I temporary skip boot-up services?</para>
5132
<para>Press <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>C</keycap></keycombo></para>
5139
<para>How do I permanently disable/enable boot-up services?</para>
5144
<para>Run <application>Services Settings</application>: <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
5147
<para>Ubuntu will ask for your password, enter it.</para>
5150
<para>Tick/untick the services you want running, then click <guibutton>OK</guibutton> when done.</para>
5157
<para>How do I clean /tmp/ folder contents on shutdown?</para>
5163
<screen>sudo cp /etc/init.d/sysklogd /etc/init.d/sysklogd_backup
5164
sudo gedit /etc/init.d/sysklogd</screen>
5168
<para>Find this section</para>
5171
log_begin_msg "Stopping system log daemon..."
5172
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --exec $binpath --pidfile $pidfile
5174
...</programlisting>
5177
<para>Add the following line below it</para>
5178
<programlisting>rm -fr /tmp/* /tmp/.??*</programlisting>
5181
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/sysklogd_cleantmpfoldershutdown"/>)</para>
5188
<chapter id="fg-troubleshooting" status="complete">
5189
<title id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</title>
5193
<para>Configuring network interfaces... (taking too long to load)</para>
5198
<para>Read <xref linkend="temporaryskipboot-upservices"/></para>
5205
<para>Synchronizing clock to ntp.ubuntulinux.org... (taking too long to load)</para>
5210
<para>Read <xref linkend="temporaryskipboot-upservices"/></para>
5213
<para>Run <application>Services Settings</application>: <menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
5216
<para>Uncheck <quote>Clock synchronization service (ntpdate)</quote> then click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
5223
<para>How to disable system time/date from being reset to UTC (GMT)?</para>
5229
<screen>sudo cp /etc/default/rcS /etc/default/rcS_backup
5230
sudo gedit /etc/default/rcS</screen>
5234
<para>Find this line</para>
5237
...</programlisting>
5240
<para>Replace with the following line</para>
5241
<programlisting>UTC=no</programlisting>
5244
<para>Save the edited file (<ulink url="sample/rcS_disablesystemtimedateutc"/>)</para>
5249
<guimenu>System</guimenu>
5250
<guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem>
5251
<guimenuitem>Time and Date</guimenuitem>
5254
<para>Set the correct time/date</para>
5258
<screen>sudo /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh restart</screen>
5266
<para>How to configure sound with Flash?</para>
5272
<screen>sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1</screen>
5280
<para>How to forcefully empty Trash in Ubuntu?</para>
5286
<screen>sudo rm -fr $HOME/.Trash/</screen>
5294
<para>How to remove duplicate menu/menu items in GNOME?</para>
5299
<para>Launch Smeg from <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Smeg</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
5302
<para>Disable or remove each duplicate item as needed.</para>
5310
<chapter id="fg-upgrading-ubuntu" status="complete">
5311
<title id="upgrading-ubuntu">Upgrading Ubuntu</title>
5312
<!-- do we really want to include this? -->
5316
<para>How to upgrade from Breezy Badger to Breezy Badger +1 (experimental)?</para>
5320
<para>This is still in very early, highly unstable development stage. Only use it for experimental purposes. Doing this will most likely break your entire system!</para>
5325
<screen>sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
5326
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list</screen>
5330
<para>Find this section</para>
5332
deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 5.04 _Breezy Badger_ - Release i386 (20050407)]/ breezy main restricted
5335
## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch updated software from the network
5336
# deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
5337
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
5339
## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch major bug fix updates produced
5340
## after the final release of the distribution.
5341
# deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
5342
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
5344
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe'
5346
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
5347
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
5348
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
5349
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
5351
# deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe
5352
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe
5354
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
5355
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
5357
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe
5358
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe
5362
<para>Replace with the following lines</para>
5364
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 5.04 _Breezy Badger_ - Release i386 (20050407)]/ breezy main restricted
5367
## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch updated software from the network
5368
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
5369
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
5371
## Uncomment the following two lines to fetch major bug fix updates produced
5372
## after the final release of the distribution.
5373
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
5374
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
5376
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe'
5378
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
5379
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
5380
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
5381
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
5383
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe
5384
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe
5386
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
5387
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
5389
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe
5390
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe
5392
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy multiverse
5393
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy multiverse
5397
<para>Save the edited file</para>
5401
<screen>sudo apt-get update
5402
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade</screen>
5406
<para>Save and close all opened applications, Reboot computer.</para>
5413
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../../common/C/ccbysa.xml"/>
5414
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="../../../common/C/fdl.xml"/>