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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
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<div id="page-content">
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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_log_config</h1>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_log_config.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="../ja/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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<a href="../ko/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Logging of the requests made to the server</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module�Identifier:</a></th><td>log_config_module</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source�File:</a></th><td>mod_log_config.c</td></tr></table>
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<p>This module provides for flexible logging of client
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requests. Logs are written in a customizable format, and may be
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written directly to a file, or to an external program.
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Conditional logging is provided so that individual requests may
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be included or excluded from the logs based on characteristics
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<p>Three directives are provided by this module:
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<code class="directive"><a href="#transferlog">TransferLog</a></code> to create
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a log file, <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>
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to set a custom format, and <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> to define a log file and format in one
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step. The <code class="directive">TransferLog</code> and <code class="directive">CustomLog</code> directives can be used multiple times in each
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server to cause each request to be logged to multiple files.</p>
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<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#bufferedlogs">BufferedLogs</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#cookielog">CookieLog</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#transferlog">TransferLog</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#formats">Custom Log Formats</a></li>
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<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#security">Security Considerations</a></li>
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</ul><h3>See also</h3>
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<li><a href="../logs.html">Apache Log Files</a></li>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<h2><a name="formats" id="formats">Custom Log Formats</a></h2>
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<p>The format argument to the <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> directives is a string. This string is
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used to log each request to the log file. It can contain literal
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characters copied into the log files and the C-style control
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characters "\n" and "\t" to represent new-lines and tabs.
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Literal quotes and back-slashes should be escaped with
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<p>The characteristics of the request itself are logged by
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placing "<code>%</code>" directives in the format string, which are
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replaced in the log file by the values as follows:</p>
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<table class="bordered"><tr class="header"><th>Format String</th>
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<th>Description</th></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%%</code></td>
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<td>The percent sign</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%a</code></td>
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<td>Remote IP-address</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%A</code></td>
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<td>Local IP-address</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%B</code></td>
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<td>Size of response in bytes, excluding HTTP headers.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%b</code></td>
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<td>Size of response in bytes, excluding HTTP headers. In CLF format, <em>i.e.</em>
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a '<code>-</code>' rather than a 0 when no bytes are sent.</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>Foobar</var>}C</code></td>
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<td>The contents of cookie <var>Foobar</var> in the request sent
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to the server.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%D</code></td>
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<td>The time taken to serve the request, in microseconds.</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>FOOBAR</var>}e</code></td>
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<td>The contents of the environment variable
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<var>FOOBAR</var></td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%f</code></td>
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<td>Filename</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%h</code></td>
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<td>Remote host</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%H</code></td>
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<td>The request protocol</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>Foobar</var>}i</code></td>
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<td>The contents of <code><var>Foobar</var>:</code> header line(s)
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in the request sent to the server.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%l</code></td>
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<td>Remote logname (from identd, if supplied). This will return a
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dash unless <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ident.html">mod_ident</a></code> is present and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ident.html#identitycheck">IdentityCheck</a></code> is set
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<code>On</code>.</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%m</code></td>
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<td>The request method</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%{<var>Foobar</var>}n</code></td>
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<td>The contents of note <var>Foobar</var> from another
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>Foobar</var>}o</code></td>
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<td>The contents of <code><var>Foobar</var>:</code> header line(s)
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in the reply.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%p</code></td>
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<td>The canonical port of the server serving the request</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%P</code></td>
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<td>The process ID of the child that serviced the request.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%{<var>format</var>}P</code></td>
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<td>The process ID or thread id of the child that serviced the
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request. Valid formats are <code>pid</code>, <code>tid</code>,
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and <code>hextid</code>. <code>hextid</code> requires APR 1.2.0 or
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%q</code></td>
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<td>The query string (prepended with a <code>?</code> if a query
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string exists, otherwise an empty string)</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%r</code></td>
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<td>First line of request</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%s</code></td>
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<td>Status. For requests that got internally redirected, this is
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the status of the *original* request --- <code>%>s</code>
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for the last.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%t</code></td>
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<td>Time the request was received (standard english
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>format</var>}t</code></td>
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<td>The time, in the form given by format, which should be in
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<code>strftime(3)</code> format. (potentially localized)</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%T</code></td>
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<td>The time taken to serve the request, in seconds.</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%u</code></td>
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<td>Remote user (from auth; may be bogus if return status
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(<code>%s</code>) is 401)</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%U</code></td>
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<td>The URL path requested, not including any query string.</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%v</code></td>
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<td>The canonical <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code>
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of the server serving the request.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%V</code></td>
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<td>The server name according to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> setting.</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%X</code></td>
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<td>Connection status when response is completed:
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<tr><td><code>X</code> =</td>
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<td>connection aborted before the response completed.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>+</code> =</td>
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<td>connection may be kept alive after the response is
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<tr><td><code>-</code> = </td>
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<td>connection will be closed after the response is
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<p>(This directive was <code>%c</code> in late versions of Apache
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1.3, but this conflicted with the historical ssl
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<code>%{<var>var</var>}c</code> syntax.)</p></td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>%I</code></td>
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<td>Bytes received, including request and headers, cannot be zero.
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You need to enable <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_logio.html">mod_logio</a></code> to use this.</td></tr>
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<tr class="odd"><td><code>%O</code></td>
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<td>Bytes sent, including headers, cannot be zero. You need to
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enable <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_logio.html">mod_logio</a></code> to use this.</td></tr>
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<h3><a name="modifiers" id="modifiers">Modifiers</a></h3>
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<p>Particular items can be restricted to print only for
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responses with specific HTTP status codes by placing a
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comma-separated list of status codes immediately following the
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"%". For example, <code>"%400,501{User-agent}i"</code> logs
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<code>User-agent</code> on 400 errors and 501 errors only. For
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other status codes, the literal string <code>"-"</code> will be
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logged. The status code list may be preceded by a
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"<code>!</code>" to indicate negation:
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<code>"%!200,304,302{Referer}i"</code> logs <code>Referer</code>
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on all requests that do <em>not</em> return one of the three
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<p>The modifiers "<" and ">" can be used for requests that
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have been internally redirected to choose whether the original
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or final (respectively) request should be consulted. By
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default, the <code>%</code> directives <code>%s, %U, %T,
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%D,</code> and <code>%r</code> look at the original request
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while all others look at the final request. So for example,
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<code>%>s</code> can be used to record the final status of
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the request and <code>%<u</code> can be used to record the
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original authenticated user on a request that is internally
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redirected to an unauthenticated resource.</p>
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<h3><a name="format-notes" id="format-notes">Some Notes</a></h3>
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<p>For security reasons, starting with version 2.0.46,
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non-printable and other special characters in <code>%r</code>,
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<code>%i</code> and <code>%o</code> are escaped using
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<code>\x<var>hh</var></code> sequences, where <var>hh</var>
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stands for the hexadecimal representation of the raw
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byte. Exceptions from this rule are <code>"</code> and
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<code>\</code>, which are escaped by prepending a backslash, and
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all whitespace characters, which are written in their C-style
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notation (<code>\n</code>, <code>\t</code>, etc). In versions
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prior to 2.0.46, no escaping was performed on these strings so
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you had to be quite careful when dealing with raw log files.</p>
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<p>In httpd 2.0, unlike 1.3, the <code>%b</code> and
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<code>%B</code> format strings do not represent the number of
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bytes sent to the client, but simply the size in bytes of the
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HTTP response (which will differ, for instance, if the
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connection is aborted, or if SSL is used). The <code>%O</code>
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format provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_logio.html">mod_logio</a></code> will log the
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actual number of bytes sent over the network.</p>
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<h3><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h3>
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<p>Some commonly used log format strings are:</p>
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<dt>Common Log Format (CLF)</dt>
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<dd><code>"%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"</code></dd>
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<dt>Common Log Format with Virtual Host</dt>
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<dd><code>"%v %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"</code></dd>
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<dt>NCSA extended/combined log format</dt>
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<dd><code>"%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\"
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\"%{User-agent}i\""</code></dd>
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<dt>Referer log format</dt>
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<dd><code>"%{Referer}i -> %U"</code></dd>
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<dt>Agent (Browser) log format</dt>
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<dd><code>"%{User-agent}i"</code></dd>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="section">
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<h2><a name="security" id="security">Security Considerations</a></h2>
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<p>See the <a href="../misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">security tips</a>
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document for details on why your security could be compromised
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if the directory where logfiles are stored is writable by
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anyone other than the user that starts the server.</p>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="BufferedLogs" id="BufferedLogs">BufferedLogs</a> <a name="bufferedlogs" id="bufferedlogs">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Buffer log entries in memory before writing to disk</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>BufferedLogs On|Off</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>BufferedLogs Off</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in versions 2.0.41 and later.</td></tr>
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<p>The <code class="directive">BufferedLogs</code> directive causes
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<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code> to store several log entries in
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memory and write them together to disk, rather than writing them
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after each request. On some systems, this may result in more
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efficient disk access and hence higher performance. It may be
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set only once for the entire server; it cannot be configured
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per virtual-host.</p>
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<div class="note">This directive is experimental and should be used with
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="CookieLog" id="CookieLog">CookieLog</a> <a name="cookielog" id="cookielog">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets filename for the logging of cookies</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>CookieLog <var>filename</var></code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>This directive is deprecated.</td></tr>
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<p>The <code class="directive">CookieLog</code> directive sets the
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filename for logging of cookies. The filename is relative to the
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<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>. This directive is
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included only for compatibility with <code>mod_cookies</code>,
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and is deprecated.</p>
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="CustomLog" id="CustomLog">CustomLog</a> <a name="customlog" id="customlog">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets filename and format of log file</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>CustomLog <var>file</var>|<var>pipe</var>
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<var>format</var>|<var>nickname</var>
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[env=[!]<var>environment-variable</var>]</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
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<p>The <code class="directive">CustomLog</code> directive is used to
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log requests to the server. A log format is specified, and the
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logging can optionally be made conditional on request
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characteristics using environment variables.</p>
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<p>The first argument, which specifies the location to which
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the logs will be written, can take one of the following two
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<dt><var>file</var></dt>
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<dd>A filename, relative to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>.</dd>
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<dt><var>pipe</var></dt>
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<dd>The pipe character "<code>|</code>", followed by the path
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to a program to receive the log information on its standard
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<div class="warning"><h3>Security:</h3>
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<p>If a program is used, then it will be run as the user who
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started <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. This will be root if the server was
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started by root; be sure that the program is secure.</p>
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<div class="warning"><h3>Note</h3>
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<p>When entering a file path on non-Unix platforms, care should be taken
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to make sure that only forward slashed are used even though the platform
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may allow the use of back slashes. In general it is a good idea to always
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use forward slashes throughout the configuration files.</p>
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<p>The second argument specifies what will be written to the
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log file. It can specify either a <var>nickname</var> defined by
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a previous <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>
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directive, or it can be an explicit <var>format</var> string as
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described in the <a href="#formats">log formats</a> section.</p>
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<p>For example, the following two sets of directives have
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exactly the same effect:</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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# CustomLog with format nickname<br />
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LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<br />
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CustomLog logs/access_log common<br />
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# CustomLog with explicit format string<br />
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CustomLog logs/access_log "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"
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<p>The third argument is optional and controls whether or
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not to log a particular request based on the
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presence or absence of a particular variable in the server
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environment. If the specified <a href="../env.html">environment
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variable</a> is set for the request (or is not set, in the case
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of a '<code>env=!<var>name</var></code>' clause), then the
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request will be logged.</p>
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<p>Environment variables can be set on a per-request
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basis using the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code>
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and/or <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> modules. For
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example, if you want to record requests for all GIF
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images on your server in a separate logfile but not in your main
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log, you can use:</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif$ gif-image<br />
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CustomLog gif-requests.log common env=gif-image<br />
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CustomLog nongif-requests.log common env=!gif-image
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<p>Or, to reproduce the behavior of the old RefererIgnore
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directive, you might use the following:</p>
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<div class="example"><p><code>
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SetEnvIf Referer example\.com localreferer<br />
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CustomLog referer.log referer env=!localreferer
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LogFormat" id="LogFormat">LogFormat</a> <a name="logformat" id="logformat">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Describes a format for use in a log file</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LogFormat <var>format</var>|<var>nickname</var>
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[<var>nickname</var>]</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"</code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
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<p>This directive specifies the format of the access log
409
<p>The <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> directive can take one of two
410
forms. In the first form, where only one argument is specified,
411
this directive sets the log format which will be used by logs
412
specified in subsequent <code class="directive">TransferLog</code>
413
directives. The single argument can specify an explicit
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<var>format</var> as discussed in the <a href="#formats">custom log
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formats</a> section above. Alternatively, it can use a
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<var>nickname</var> to refer to a log format defined in a
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previous <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> directive as described
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<p>The second form of the <code class="directive">LogFormat</code>
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directive associates an explicit <var>format</var> with a
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<var>nickname</var>. This <var>nickname</var> can then be used in
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subsequent <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> or
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<code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> directives
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rather than repeating the entire format string. A
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<code class="directive">LogFormat</code> directive that defines a nickname
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<strong>does nothing else</strong> -- that is, it <em>only</em>
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defines the nickname, it doesn't actually apply the format and make
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it the default. Therefore, it will not affect subsequent
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<code class="directive"><a href="#transferlog">TransferLog</a></code> directives.
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In addition, <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> cannot use one nickname
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to define another nickname. Note that the nickname should not contain
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percent signs (<code>%</code>).</p>
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<div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
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LogFormat "%v %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" vhost_common
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<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="TransferLog" id="TransferLog">TransferLog</a> <a name="transferlog" id="transferlog">Directive</a></h2>
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<table class="directive">
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specify location of a log file</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>TransferLog <var>file</var>|<var>pipe</var></code></td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
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<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
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<p>This directive has exactly the same arguments and effect as
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the <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code>
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directive, with the exception that it does not allow the log format
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to be specified explicitly or for conditional logging of requests.
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Instead, the log format is determined by the most recently specified
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<code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> directive
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which does not define a nickname. Common Log Format is used if no
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other format has been specified.</p>
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<div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
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LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-agent}i\""<br />
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TransferLog logs/access_log
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<div class="bottomlang">
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_log_config.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<a href="../ja/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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<a href="../ko/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
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</div><div id="footer">
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
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