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<html><head><title>Managing banks and programs for MIDI devices</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="kde-default.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.67.2"><meta name="keywords" content="Rosegarden, sequencer, MIDI, audio, music, notation, score, KDE"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="The Rosegarden Handbook"><link rel="up" href="studio.html" title="Chapter�5.�The Studio"><link rel="prev" href="studio-device-editor.html" title="Managing MIDI devices"><link rel="next" href="studio-audio-routing.html" title="Audio Routing"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><meta name="GENERATOR" content="KDE XSL Stylesheet V1.13 using libxslt"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div style="background-image: url(top-middle.png); width: 100%; height: 131px;"><div style="position: absolute; right: 0px;"><img src="top-right-konqueror.png" style="margin: 0px" alt=""></div><div style="position: absolute; top: 25px; right: 100px; text-align: right; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: bold; text-shadow: #fff 0px 0px 5px; color: #444">Managing banks and programs for MIDI devices</div></div><div style="margin-top: 20px; background-color: #white; color: black; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 20px;"><a accesskey="p" href="studio-device-editor.html">Prev</a></div><div style="position: absolute; right: 20px;"><a accesskey="n" href="studio-audio-routing.html">Next</a></div><div class="navCenter">The Studio</div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="studio-bank-editor"></a>Managing banks and programs for MIDI devices</h2></div></div></div><p>
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<div class="screenshot"><div xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="mediaobject"><hr><img src="rg-bankeditor.png" alt="The MIDI bank and program editor"><hr></div></div>
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Remember that each MIDI device contains a number of
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instruments, and that you can assign tracks to those
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instruments. In MIDI terms, each instrument corresponds to
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a single channel on your MIDI synth. You can choose which
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of the available voices (sounds) on your synth each
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instrument uses, but in order to do this, you need to let
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Rosegarden know the names for all of the available voices.
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This dialog allows you to attach banks of programs (names for
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voices) to your MIDI devices, thus permitting each
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instrument on a device to be set to use one of those voices
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in the <a href="segment-view-instrumentparameterbox.html" title="The Instrument Parameter Box">Instrument
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The usual way to set up the program names for a device is
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simply to import them from one of the supplied device
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(".rgd") files. To do this, select a device in the list on
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the left of the dialog, then click the Import button below
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the list and choose the .rgd file corresponding to your
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If there is no current .rgd file available for your synth,
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then you can use this dialog to create a new bank. To do this
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you will have to find the program map in your synth's MIDI
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Implementation Chart and enter all the names by hand: you can
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then Export them to a .rgd file to share with other Rosegarden
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users. Contact the rosegarden-user mailing list if you have
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made a new .rgd file and would like to share it. (This is how
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all of the existing .rgd files have come to be included with
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Rosegarden: other users have contributed them.)
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</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="studio-keymappings"></a>Percussion Key Mappings</h3></div></div></div><p>
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Many MIDI synthesizers have at least one percussion program,
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in which each "pitch" plays a different type of sound.
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Rosegarden contains a dedicated percussion matrix editor to
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view and edit notes against a scale consisting of the
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correct names for the pitches, instead of against the
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conventional piano keyboard pitch scale.
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The key mappings available for a particular MIDI device are
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also defined in the Rosegarden device (".rgd") file. Each
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MIDI program that is defined as a percussion program can
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have a key mapping associated with it; if there is one, then
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it will be used by default in any track that is assigned to
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this program. Like program and bank definitions, key
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mappings can be imported from and exported to .rgd files.
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</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="studio-soundfonts"></a>SoundFonts</h3></div></div></div><p>
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If you happen to be using a soft-synth or soundcard synth
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that uses SoundFont (.sf2) files, you can simply load the
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correct program names directly from your .sf2 file into this
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dialog. Just ask to Import as normal, and then choose the
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.sf2 file that you are using instead of a .rgd file.
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</p><p>Note that the Studio only manages information about
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existing MIDI devices for Rosegarden, it does not actually
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handle tasks such as loading a SoundFont to your soundcard in
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the first place. If you want to make sure a SoundFont is
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loaded to your soundcard when Rosegarden starts up, you should
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use the special "Load SoundFont to SoundBlaster card at
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startup" option in the sequencer configuration in
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<span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guimenu">Settings</span></span>-><span xmlns:doc="http://nwalsh.com/xsl/documentation/1.0" class="guiitem"><span class="guimenuitem">Configure Rosegarden...</span></span>.
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</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="studio-variations"></a>Variations</h3></div></div></div><p>
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Some MIDI devices (for example, those from Roland)
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organise their program names using a scheme known as
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"variations". For these devices, you generally want to
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select a program by first selecting the basic program name
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— such as a piano — and then selecting one
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of a set of variations on that program — such as an
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electric piano. This is in contrast to General MIDI-based
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synths, which organise their programs into banks and
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expect you to choose a bank first and then a program from
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Rosegarden can support devices that use variations, but
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you still have to enter the program names in a bank
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format. Internally, devices that use variations still use
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MIDI bank select controllers to choose between the
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variations; you need to find out from your synth's
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documentation whether your device uses the LSB or MSB bank
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select to choose variations, and which bank number
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corresponds to which variation. You can then enter the
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banks as normal, and use the "Show Variation list based on
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MSB/LSB" option on the bank dialog to tell Rosegarden to
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show variations instead of banks when displaying that
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device in an instrument parameter box.
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</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="studio-midi-import"></a>Program mapping on <span class="acronym">MIDI</span> import</h3></div></div></div><p>
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When you import a <span class="acronym">MIDI</span> file into a composition, <span class="application">Rosegarden</span>
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uses the existing studio setup to determine how to map the
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<span class="acronym">MIDI</span> programs onto <span class="application">Rosegarden</span> instruments. The aim is to
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ensure that every <span class="acronym">MIDI</span> program gets mapped to an instrument
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that really exists in your studio (and thus is actually
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attached to your computer), so that all the <span class="acronym">MIDI</span> tracks
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The <span class="acronym">MIDI</span> program-change and bank-select events found in the
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imported file are used when importing, but only as an aid to
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help find the appropriate instrument for each <span class="acronym">MIDI</span> track
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from the set of instruments in your studio. So, for
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example, if your studio is currently set up to contain only
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<span class="acronym">GM</span> instruments, and you import a <span class="acronym">MIDI</span> file with <span class="acronym">GS</span> program
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changes onto it, <span class="application">Rosegarden</span> will remap the <span class="acronym">GS</span> banks back
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onto <span class="acronym">GM</span> because they're all it knows that you have at the
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time you import the file. It doesn't remember the original
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<span class="acronym">GS</span> program numbers.
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This means that you should always ensure that your studio is
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correctly configured for the devices you actually have,
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before you import the <span class="acronym">MIDI</span> file. Otherwise the program data
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in the <span class="acronym">MIDI</span> file may be lost.
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</p></div></div><div style="background-color: #white; color: black; margin-top: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 20px;"><a accesskey="p" href="studio-device-editor.html">Prev</a></div><div style="position: absolute; right: 20px;"><a accesskey="n" href="studio-audio-routing.html">Next</a></div><div align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></div></div><div style="background-color: #white; color: black; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px;"><div class="navLeft">Managing MIDI devices�</div><div class="navRight">�Audio Routing</div><div class="navCenter"><a accesskey="u" href="studio.html">Up</a></div></div><br><br><div class="bannerBottom" style="background-image: url(bottom-middle.png); background-repeat: x-repeat; width: 100%; height: 100px; bottom:0px;"><div class="BannerBottomRight"><img src="bottom-right.png" style="margin: 0px" alt=""></div><div class="bannerBottomLeft"><img src="bottom-left.png" style="margin: 0px;" alt=""></div><div id="comments" style="position:relative; top: 5px; left: 1em; height:85px; width: 50%; color: #cfe1f6"><p>Would you like to make a comment or contribute an update to this page?<br>
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