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* Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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* - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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* - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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* @brief Main initialization kernel function for all processors.
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* During kernel boot, all processors, after architecture dependent
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* initialization, start executing code found in this file. After
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* bringing up all subsystems, control is passed to scheduler().
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* The bootstrap processor starts executing main_bsp() while
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* the application processors start executing main_ap().
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#include <time/clock.h>
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#include <time/timeout.h>
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#include <proc/scheduler.h>
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#include <proc/thread.h>
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#include <proc/task.h>
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#include <proc/tasklet.h>
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#include <main/kinit.h>
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#include <main/version.h>
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#include <console/kconsole.h>
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#include <console/console.h>
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#include <interrupt.h>
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#include <genarch/mm/page_pt.h>
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#include <synch/waitq.h>
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#include <synch/futex.h>
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#include <arch/arch.h>
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#include <arch/faddr.h>
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#include <adt/btree.h>
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#include <main/main.h>
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#include <ipc/event.h>
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/** Global configuration structure. */
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/** Initial user-space tasks */
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/** Boot allocations. */
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* These 'hardcoded' variables will be intialized by
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* the linker or the low level assembler code with
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* appropriate sizes and addresses.
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/** Virtual address of where the kernel is loaded. */
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uintptr_t hardcoded_load_address = 0;
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/** Size of the kernel code in bytes. */
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size_t hardcoded_ktext_size = 0;
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/** Size of the kernel data in bytes. */
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size_t hardcoded_kdata_size = 0;
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/** Lowest safe stack virtual address. */
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uintptr_t stack_safe = 0;
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* These two functions prevent stack from underflowing during the
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* kernel boot phase when SP is set to the very top of the reserved
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* space. The stack could get corrupted by a fooled compiler-generated
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* pop sequence otherwise.
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static void main_bsp_separated_stack(void);
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static void main_ap_separated_stack(void);
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#define CONFIG_STACK_SIZE ((1 << STACK_FRAMES) * STACK_SIZE)
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/** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU.
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* The code here still runs on the boot stack, which knows nothing about
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* preemption counts. Because of that, this function cannot directly call
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* functions that disable or enable preemption (e.g. spinlock_lock()). The
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* primary task of this function is to calculate address of a new stack and
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* Assuming interrupts_disable().
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config.cpu_count = 1;
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config.cpu_active = 1;
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config.base = hardcoded_load_address;
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config.kernel_size = ALIGN_UP(hardcoded_ktext_size +
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hardcoded_kdata_size, PAGE_SIZE);
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config.stack_size = CONFIG_STACK_SIZE;
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/* Initialy the stack is placed just after the kernel */
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config.stack_base = config.base + config.kernel_size;
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/* Avoid placing stack on top of init */
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for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++) {
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if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,
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init.tasks[i].addr, init.tasks[i].size))
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config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(init.tasks[i].addr +
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init.tasks[i].size, config.stack_size);
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/* Avoid placing stack on top of boot allocations. */
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if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,
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ballocs.base, ballocs.size))
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config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(ballocs.base +
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ballocs.size, PAGE_SIZE);
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if (config.stack_base < stack_safe)
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config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(stack_safe, PAGE_SIZE);
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context_set(&ctx, FADDR(main_bsp_separated_stack), config.stack_base,
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context_restore(&ctx);
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/** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU using new stack.
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* Second part of main_bsp().
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void main_bsp_separated_stack(void)
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/* Keep this the first thing. */
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LOG("\nconfig.base=%#" PRIp " config.kernel_size=%" PRIs
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"\nconfig.stack_base=%#" PRIp " config.stack_size=%" PRIs,
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config.base, config.kernel_size, config.stack_base,
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#ifdef CONFIG_KCONSOLE
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* kconsole data structures must be initialized very early
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* because other subsystems will register their respective
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LOG_EXEC(kconsole_init());
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* Exception handler initialization, before architecture
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* starts adding its own handlers
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LOG_EXEC(exc_init());
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* Memory management subsystems initialization.
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LOG_EXEC(arch_pre_mm_init());
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LOG_EXEC(frame_init());
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/* Initialize at least 1 memory segment big enough for slab to work. */
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LOG_EXEC(slab_cache_init());
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LOG_EXEC(btree_init());
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LOG_EXEC(page_init());
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LOG_EXEC(tlb_init());
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LOG_EXEC(ddi_init());
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LOG_EXEC(tasklet_init());
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LOG_EXEC(arch_post_mm_init());
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LOG_EXEC(arch_pre_smp_init());
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LOG_EXEC(smp_init());
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/* Slab must be initialized after we know the number of processors. */
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LOG_EXEC(slab_enable_cpucache());
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printf("Detected %" PRIs " CPU(s), %" PRIu64" MiB free memory\n",
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config.cpu_count, SIZE2MB(zone_total_size()));
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LOG_EXEC(cpu_init());
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LOG_EXEC(calibrate_delay_loop());
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LOG_EXEC(clock_counter_init());
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LOG_EXEC(timeout_init());
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LOG_EXEC(scheduler_init());
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LOG_EXEC(task_init());
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LOG_EXEC(thread_init());
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LOG_EXEC(futex_init());
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for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++)
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LOG("init[%" PRIs "].addr=%#" PRIp ", init[%" PRIs
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"].size=%#" PRIs, i, init.tasks[i].addr, i,
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printf("No init binaries found.\n");
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LOG_EXEC(ipc_init());
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LOG_EXEC(event_init());
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LOG_EXEC(klog_init());
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* Create kernel task.
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task_t *kernel = task_create(AS_KERNEL, "kernel");
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panic("Cannot create kernel task.");
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* Create the first thread.
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thread_t *kinit_thread
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= thread_create(kinit, NULL, kernel, 0, "kinit", true);
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panic("Cannot create kinit thread.");
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LOG_EXEC(thread_ready(kinit_thread));
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* This call to scheduler() will return to kinit,
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* starting the thread of kernel threads.
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/** Main kernel routine for application CPUs.
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* Executed by application processors, temporary stack
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* is at ctx.sp which was set during BSP boot.
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* This function passes control directly to
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* main_ap_separated_stack().
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* Assuming interrupts_disable()'d.
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* Incrementing the active CPU counter will guarantee that the
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* *_init() functions can find out that they need to
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* do initialization for AP only.
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* The THE structure is well defined because ctx.sp is used as stack.
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calibrate_delay_loop();
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arch_post_cpu_init();
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the_copy(THE, (the_t *) CPU->stack);
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* If we woke kmp up before we left the kernel stack, we could
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* collide with another CPU coming up. To prevent this, we
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* switch to this cpu's private stack prior to waking kmp up.
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context_save(&CPU->saved_context);
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context_set(&CPU->saved_context, FADDR(main_ap_separated_stack),
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(uintptr_t) CPU->stack, CPU_STACK_SIZE);
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context_restore(&CPU->saved_context);
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/** Main kernel routine for application CPUs using new stack.
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* Second part of main_ap().
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void main_ap_separated_stack(void)
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* Configure timeouts for this cpu.
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waitq_wakeup(&ap_completion_wq, WAKEUP_FIRST);
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#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */