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!---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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! NewbieGrammar.h, by Emily Short (emshort@mindspring.com)
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! Being grammar statements and a couple of verbs to accomodate and
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! respond to nonstandard kinds of input. It interprets who and what
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! questions, as well as correcting some standard errors and redirecting
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! other questions to Help.
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! The current contents of this file are dictated by people's r*if posts about
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! their frustrations with early attempts to play IF, and on the messages
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! log on phpZork, which reveals what an assortment of random players
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! have been known to attempt.
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! Note that the general trend of these grammar lines are to catch things that
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! are not what one might consider "legitimate" IF commands, or could not
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! be translated easily into another IF action. There is a separate library,
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! called ExpertGrammar, that provides some extra verb synonyms and equivalencies
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! -- many of which were also suggested by analysis of newbie commands.
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! The two libraries are separated because it is possible that one will want
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! the ExpertGrammar without all the extra encumbrances of this library file.
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! Version 0.6 -- still imperfect. If you have suggestions about
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! more things the library should handle, please contact me to
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! Thanks to Roger Firth for his corrections.
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! This library file may be treated as public domain. It may be
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! included with or without credit to the original author. It may be
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! modified at the user's discretion. It may be freely redistributed.
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! Parsing for the following forms:
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! PLEASE... <anything> calls TooPolite, which tells the player such
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! forms are not necessary
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! I AM, YOU ARE, HE/SHE/IT IS... calls NewbieGrammar, which reminds
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! the player to use imperative verbs.
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! WHO AM I? calls MustXMe, which teaches the syntax for EXAMINE ME,
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! then executes that command.
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! WHO ARE YOU? calls ParserHelp, which explains the parser a bit.
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! WHERE AM I? calls MustLook, which teaches LOOK, then executes that
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! WHERE DO I FIND MORE GAMES LIKE THIS (and a wide range of variants)
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! calls ArchiveIntro, which explains about the IF archive.
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! WHERE CAN I GO NOW? (and variants) calls Exits, which is defined
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! in this file just to tell the player to look around. If you
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! would like to improve the functionality, you might want to look
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! at one of the libraries that handles an EXITS command.
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! WHAT DO I DO NEXT? (and a wide range of variants) calls
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! WALK TO (and variants) calls LocalGo, which tells you
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! that movement within a room is unnecessary.
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! GO BACK (and variants) calls NoReturn, which tells you
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! to be specific about which direction you want to return.
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! CHECK FOR, LOOK FOR (and variants) calls SpecificSearch, which
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! tells you to be specific about how to search for something
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! Moreover, there is a catch-all, omnipresent item, which
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! goes everywhere the player goes and reacts to
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! -- attempts to use body parts to do things. This is to counteract
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! newbie commands such as
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! OPEN DOOR WITH FOOT, INFLATE RAFT WITH MOUTH, etc.
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! -- vague instructions, such as KILL SOMEONE or TAKE SOMETHING
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! -- vague locations such as HERE or ANYWHERE
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! POSSIBLE DIRECTIONS:
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! A couple of things one might also do if one really wanted to take this
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! -- Use the UnknownVerb entrypoint to try to catch cases where the player is
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! using a known noun to begin a sentence. Call NewbieGrammar in this case.
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! -- Use ChooseObjects to make the allbodyparts item dispreferred in any
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! -- Use BeforeParsing to look for certain standard adverbs, or else modify
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! the "I only understood you as far as..." library message to remind the
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! player that adverbs are not allowed. Many of the defective commands
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! found in a study of newbie command structure included things such as
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! -- Implement a fully functioning "GO BACK" verb that would return the
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! player to his previous location. A. O. Muniz has already released
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! a library to do this with Platypus; with the standard Inform library
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! it is a bit more challenging, but not impossible.
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! Include "NewbieGrammar" after Grammar in your gamefile.
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! Note that if you are actually using who, what, or where verbs in your
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! gave for legitimate purposes, you will need to change the grammar
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! Set a ChooseObjects to make sure that allbodyparts doesn't show up
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! on commands like GET ALL.
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! It is also suggested that you Replace HelpSub before including this
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! file. What is here is pretty minimal. If you wish to avoid compiling
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! the grammar lines for 'help' (perhaps because you plan to use something
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! else), define the constant NO_HELP_GRAMMAR before including this file.
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!---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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j = 0; w = NextWord();
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if ((self.number == 0 or 1) &&
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((w == 'my' or 'head' or 'hands' or 'hand' or 'ear' or 'ears') ||
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(w == 'fist' or 'fists' or 'finger' or 'fingers' or 'thumb' or 'thumbs') ||
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(w == 'arm' or 'arms' or 'leg' or 'legs' or 'foot' or 'feet') ||
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(w == 'eye' or 'eyes' or 'face' or 'nose' or 'mouth' or 'teeth') ||
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(w == 'tooth' or 'tongue' or 'lips' or 'lip')))
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{ self.number = 1; j = 1;
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if ((self.number == 0 or 2) &&
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(w == 'someone' or 'something' or 'anyone' or 'anything'))
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{ self.number = 2; j = 1;
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if ((self.number == 0 or 3) &&
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(w == 'here' or 'everywhere'))
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{ self.number = 3; j = 1;
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if (j~=0) i++; else return i;
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if ((noun && noun == self) || (second && second == self))
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self.message(self.number);
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1: "Generally speaking, there is no need to refer to your body
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parts individually in interactive fiction. WEAR SHOES ON FEET
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will not necessarily be implemented, for instance; WEAR SHOES
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is enough. And unless you get some hint to the contrary,
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you probably cannot OPEN DOOR WITH FOOT or
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PUT THE SAPPHIRE RING IN MY MOUTH.";
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2: "The game will not arbitrarily guess what you want. Be specific --
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use a noun for an object you can see around you.";
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##Look, ##Search: <<look>>;
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default: "You don't really need to refer to places in the game
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if (NextWord()=='is' or 'am' or 'are' or 'was' or 'were')
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return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (NextWord()=='do' or 'does' or 'would' or 'will' or 'shall' or
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'can' or 'could' or 'should' or 'may' or 'must')
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return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (NextWord()=='I//' or 'me' or 'he' or 'she' or 'it' or
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'we' or 'you' or 'they' or 'person' or 'one' or
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'someone' or 'somebody' or 'anyone' or 'anybody')
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return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (NextWord()=='more' or 'other' or 'another' or 'others')
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return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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[ SomeDirection w flag num;
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{ return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (w == 'left' or 'right' or 'straight' or 'ahead' or 'back'
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or 'backwards' or 'forward' or 'backward' or 'forwards' or 'on'
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or 'onward' or 'onwards' or 'around')
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[ InternalNouns w flag num;
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{ return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (w == 'song' or 'music' or 'songs')
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if (w == 'thought' or 'idea' or 'concept')
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if (w == 'the' or 'a' or 'some' or 'any')
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[ ThePoint w flag num;
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{ return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (w == 'point' or 'point?' or 'idea' or 'idea?' or 'goal'
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or 'goal?' or 'purpose' or 'purpose?')
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{ if (w == 'the' or 'a')
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{ return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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[ IsThisGame w flag num;
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{ return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (w == 'this' or 'these' or 'this?' or 'these?')
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if (w == 'kind' or 'kinds' or 'of' or 'sort' or 'sorts' or 'like'
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or 'such' or 'a' or 'as' or 'all' or 'is' or 'are')
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if (w == 'game' or 'games' or 'story' or 'stories'
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or 'game?' or 'games?' or 'story?' or 'stories?' or
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'interactive' or 'fiction' or 'text' or 'adventure'
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or 'adventures' or 'fiction?' or 'adventures?')
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[ ThisGame w flag num;
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{ return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (w == 'this' or 'these' or 'this?' or 'these?')
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if (w == 'kind' or 'kinds' or 'of' or 'sort' or 'sorts' or 'like'
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or 'such' or 'a' or 'as' or 'all')
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if (w == 'game' or 'games' or 'story' or 'stories'
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or 'game?' or 'games?' or 'story?' or 'stories?' or
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'interactive' or 'fiction' or 'text' or 'adventure'
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or 'adventures' or 'fiction?' or 'adventures?')
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if (NextWord()=='get' or 'find' or 'acquire')
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return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (NextWord()=='help' or 'assistance' or 'instructions'
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or 'help?' or 'assistance?' or 'instructions?')
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return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (NextWord()=='supposed' or 'meant' or 'intended')
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return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (NextWord()=='now' or 'now?' or 'next' or 'next?'
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or 'here' or 'here?')
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return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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if (NextWord()=='play' or 'play?' or 'use' or 'use?' or 'operate' or 'operate?'
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or 'type' or 'type?' or 'do' or 'do?' or 'understand' or 'understand?'
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or 'learn' or 'learn?' or 'work' or 'work?')
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return GPR_PREPOSITION;
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Verb meta 'hello' 'hi' 'howdy' 'greetings'
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Verb meta 'you' 'he' 'she' 'it' 'they' 'we' 'its' 'theyre' 'were'
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* topic -> NewbieGrammar;
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Verb meta 'who' 'wh' 'whos'
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* IsAmAre 'I'/'I?' -> MustXMe
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* IsAmAre 'you'/'you?' -> ParserHelp
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* IsAmAre noun -> Examine;
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* IsAmAre 'I'/'I?'/'this'/'here'/'this?'/'here?' ->MustLook
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* IsAmAre noun -> RightHere
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* IsAmAre ThePoint ThisGame -> BoredHelp
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* IsAmAre topic -> SpecificSearch
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* DoCan Anybody 'go'/'go?' -> Exits
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* DoCan Anybody 'go' NextThing -> Exits
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* DoCan Anybody GetFind ThisGame ->
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* DoCan Anybody GetFind More ThisGame ->
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* DoCan Anybody 'look' 'for' ThisGame ->
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* DoCan Anybody 'look' 'for' More ThisGame ->
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* DoCan Anybody GetFind HelpName -> OutsideHelp
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* DoCan Anybody GetFind HelpName 'with'/'for'/'on' ThisGame -> OutsideHelp ;
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* IsAmAre ThePoint ThisGame -> Help;
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* IsAmAre 'I'/'I?' -> MustXMe
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* IsAmAre 'you'/'you?' -> ParserHelp
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* IsAmAre 'here'/'here?' -> MustLook
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* IsAmAre 'this'/'this?' -> Help
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* IsAmAre Anybody Meant 'to' PlayUse -> Help
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* IsAmAre Anybody Meant 'to' PlayUse
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* IsAmAre Anybody Meant 'to' PlayUse
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'in'/'on'/'for'/'with' ThisGame -> Help
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* IsAmAre noun -> Examine
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* IsAmAre ThePoint -> BoredHelp
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* IsAmAre ThePoint ThisGame -> BoredHelp
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* IsAmAre ThisGame 'about'/'about?'/'for?'/'for' -> BoredHelp
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* IsAmAre ThisGame 'about'/'about?'/'for?'/'for' -> BoredHelp
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* IsAmAre 'I' topic -> Help
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* IsThisGame -> IntroHelp
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* DoCan Anybody PlayUse -> VerbHelp
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* DoCan Anybody PlayUse NextThing -> VerbHelp
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* DoCan Anybody PlayUse
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'in'/'on'/'for'/'with' ThisGame -> VerbHelp
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* IsAmAre ThisGame -> IntroHelp;
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* ThePoint ThisGame -> BoredHelp;
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* DoCan Anybody PlayUse -> Help
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* IsAmAre Anybody Meant 'to' PlayUse -> Help
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* IsAmAre Anybody Meant 'to' PlayUse ThisGame -> Help
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* DoCan Anybody PlayUse ThisGame -> Help
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* DoCan Anybody GetFind ThisGame -> ArchiveIntro
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* DoCan Anybody GetFind More ThisGame -> ArchiveIntro
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* DoCan Anybody GetFind HelpName -> OutsideHelp
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* DoCan Anybody GetFind HelpName 'with'/'for'/'on' ThisGame -> OutsideHelp
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* DoCan ThisGame 'work'/'work?' -> OutsideHelp;
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#ifndef NO_HELP_GRAMMAR; !!! added
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Verb 'help' * -> Help
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Verb 'please' 'kindly' * topic -> TooPolite;
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* topic -> NewbieGrammar;
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Extend 'walk' * SomeDirection -> NoReturn
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* 'back' noun=ADirection -> Go
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* 'around'/'about'/'away'
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* 'on'/'over'/'across' noun -> Enter
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* 'to'/'towards'/'around'/'past'/'under' noun
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* 'over'/'up'/'down' 'to'/'towards' noun
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Extend 'turn' * SomeDirection -> NoReturn;
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Extend 'climb' * SomeDirection -> NoReturn
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* 'back' noun=ADirection -> Go;
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Verb 'keep' * 'going'/'walking'/'heading'/'running'
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noun=ADirection -> NoReturn
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* 'going'/'walking'/'heading'/'running'
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noun=ADirection -> MustGo;
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Verb 'continue' * noun=ADirection -> MustGo
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* 'going'/'walking'/'heading'/'running'
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noun=ADirection -> MustGo;
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Verb 'return' 'back' * -> NoReturn
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* 'to' topic -> NoReturn;
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Extend 'check' * 'for' noun -> Examine
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* 'for' topic -> SpecificSearch;
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Extend 'look' * 'for' noun -> Examine
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* 'for' topic -> SpecificSearch;
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Extend 'search' * 'for' noun -> RightHere
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* 'for' topic -> SpecificSearch;
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Verb 'find' * noun -> RightHere
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* topic -> SpecificSearch;
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Extend 'wear' * noun 'on' noun -> Wear;
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Extend 'sing' * InternalNouns -> InternalAccusative;
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Extend 'think' * InternalNouns -> InternalAccusative;
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"The parser does not understand polite formulations such as
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PLEASE LOOK AROUND NOW or KINDLY OPEN THE BOX. Start your commands
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with an imperative verb and they will work better.";
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[ InternalAccusativeSub;
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"In constructions like SING A SONG, the ~A SONG~ part is what is known
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as an internal accusative -- a direct object that is not actually necessary.
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In short: SING will do just as well. The game has difficulty with
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parsing abstracts like ~a song~.";
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print "[Generally, it is necessary to phrase commands like this as a simple
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direction: GO NORTH, NORTH, etc., rather than KEEP GOING NORTH, HEAD BACK NORTH,
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print "", (The) noun, " is ";
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if (IndirectlyContains(player, noun)) "already in your possession!";
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"If you want to look for something, try LOOK (to see
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the room as a whole); LOOK IN containers; LOOK UNDER large items;
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and SEARCH such items as piles and heaps.^^If you still can't
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find whatever it is, you're probably out of luck...";
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"The game does not keep track of your path through the rooms, nor
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your orientation within them. Instead, you should rely on absolute
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compass directions. If you
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wish to visit a new location or return to a previous one, you will have to
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type the directions to take you there -- NORTH, UP, etc.";
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"The voice with which you are communicating is the narrator of the
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game.^^[If you are having trouble with the game, try HELP.]";
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"If the game is not understanding you, try issuing your commands in the imperative:
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e.g., >THROW THE KNIFE, but not >I WOULD REALLY LIKE TO THROW THE KNIFE. Chatty sentences
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such as >YOU ARE A VERY STUPID GAME will only prove themselves true.^^If you really
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feel that the game is looking for a word that is not a verb (as the solution
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to a riddle, eg.) try some variations, such as SAY FLOOBLE.";
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print "[You can do this in the future by typing LOOK, which is quicker and
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print "[You're the main character of the game. Of course, the game author may
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have given you a description. You can see this description in the future
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by typing EXAMINE ME, which is quicker and more standard.]^^";
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Verb 'intro' * -> TotalIntro;
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BasicBrief(); new_line;
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#ifdef StartingInstructions;
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StartingInstructions(); rtrue;
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"This is a work of interactive fiction. You should explore and try to do things.";
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#ifdef StartingInstructions;
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StartingInstructions(); rtrue;
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Verb 'verbs' * -> VerbHelp;
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#ifdef StandardVerbs;
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StandardVerbs(); rtrue;
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Verb 'hint' 'hints' * -> HintHelp;
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#ifdef StuckInstructions;
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StuckInstructions(); rtrue;
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"You can find more games like this at the Interactive Fiction archive,
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http://www.ifarchive.org, and a guide to the archive at
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http://www.wurb.com/if/.";
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"Hi!^^If you are new to Interactive Fiction, you may want to type HELP.";
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"If you LOOK, you may notice some compass directions you can use to
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if (noun has door) <<enter noun>>;
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"There's no need to walk towards items that are already
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Verb 'demo' * -> Demo;
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"No demo is available.";
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"If you would like a list of verbs you could try, type VERBS.^^If the problem is more
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that you don't know how to get going with the game, type INTRO.^^If you'd like a sample
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of a game being played, type DEMO.^^Finally, if you know what you want to achieve
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but can't figure out how to achieve it, type HINT.
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^^If you are having further difficulty with IF, try looking at some of the online help sites
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such as http://www.brasslantern.org.";
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"This is a work of interactive fiction, in which you play the role of the
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main character. You interact by typing text at the prompt.";
added
removed
inform-6.31.1/include/newbiegrammar.h
