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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Preface</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Samba-3 by Example"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Samba-3 by Example"><link rel="prev" href="pr03.html" title="Foreword"><link rel="next" href="ExNetworks.html" title="Part�I.�Example Network Configurations"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Preface</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pr03.html">Prev</a>�</td><th width="60%" align="center">�</th><td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="ExNetworks.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="preface" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="preface"></a>Preface</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="preface.html#id2501240">Why Is This Book Necessary?</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="preface.html#id2498964">Samba 3.0.20 Update Edition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="preface.html#id2498848">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="preface.html#id2498880">Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="preface.html#id2498945">Summary of Topics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="preface.html#id2550640">Conventions Used</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
2
Network administrators live busy lives. We face distractions and pressures
3
that drive us to seek proven, working case scenarios that can be easily
4
implemented. Often this approach lands us in trouble. There is a
5
saying that, geometrically speaking, the shortest distance between two
6
points is a straight line, but practically we find that the quickest
7
route to a stable network solution is the long way around.
9
This book is your means to the straight path. It provides step-by-step,
10
proven, working examples of Samba deployments. If you want to deploy
11
Samba-3 with the least effort, or if you want to become an expert at deploying
12
Samba-3 without having to search through lots of documentation, this
13
book is the ticket to your destination.
15
Samba is software that can be run on a platform other than Microsoft Windows,
16
for example, UNIX, Linux, IBM System 390, OpenVMS, and other operating systems.
17
Samba uses the TCP/IP protocol that is installed on the host server. When
18
correctly configured, it allows that host to interact with a Microsoft Windows
19
client or server as if it is a Windows file and print server. This book
20
will help you to implement Windows-compatible file and print services.
22
The examples presented in this book are typical of various businesses and
23
reflect the problems and challenges they face. Care has been taken to preserve
24
attitudes, perceptions, practices, and demands from real network case studies.
25
The maximum benefit may be obtained from this book by working carefully through
26
each exercise. You may be in a hurry to satisfy a specific need, so feel
27
free to locate the example that most closely matches your need, copy it, and
28
innovate as much as you like. Above all, enjoy the process of learning the
29
secrets of MS Windows networking that is truly liberated by Samba.
31
The focus of attention in this book is Samba-3. Specific notes are made in
32
respect of how Samba may be made secure. This book does not attempt to provide
33
detailed information regarding secure operation and configuration of peripheral
34
services and applications such as OpenLDAP, DNS and DHCP, the need for which
35
can be met from other resources that are dedicated to the subject.
36
</p><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2501240"></a>Why Is This Book Necessary?</h2></div></div></div><p>
37
This book is the result of observations and feedback. The feedback from
38
the Samba-HOWTO-Collection has been positive and complimentary. There
39
have been requests for far more worked examples, a
40
“<span class="quote">Samba Cookbook,</span>” and for training materials to
41
help kick-start the process of mastering Samba.
43
The Samba mailing lists users have asked for sample configuration files
44
that work. It is natural to question one's own ability to correctly
45
configure a complex tool such as Samba until a minimum necessary
46
knowledge level has been attained.
48
The Samba-HOWTO-Collection as does <span class="emphasis"><em>The Official Samba-3 HOWTO and
49
Reference Guide</em></span> documents Samba features and functionality in
50
a topical context. This book takes a completely different approach. It
51
walks through Samba network configurations that are working within particular
52
environmental contexts, providing documented step-by-step implementations.
53
All example case configuration files, scripts, and other tools are provided
54
on the CD-ROM. This book is descriptive, provides detailed diagrams, and
55
makes deployment of Samba-3 a breeze.
56
</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2498964"></a>Samba 3.0.20 Update Edition</h3></div></div></div><p>
57
The Samba 3.0.x series has been remarkably popular. At the time this book first
58
went to print samba-3.0.2 was being released. There have been significant modifications
59
and enhancements between samba-3.0.2 and samba-3.0.14 (the current release) that
60
necessitate this documentation update. This update has the specific intent to
61
refocus this book so that its guidance can be followed for samba-3.0.20
62
and beyond. Further changes are expected as Samba-3 matures further and will
63
be reflected in future updates.
65
The changes shown in <a class="link" href="preface.html#pref-new" title="Table�1.�Samba Changes 3.0.2 to 3.0.20">“Samba Changes 3.0.2 to 3.0.20”</a> are incorporated in this update.
66
</p><div class="table"><a name="pref-new"></a><p class="title"><b>Table�1.�Samba Changes 3.0.2 to 3.0.20</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Samba Changes 3.0.2 to 3.0.20" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">
70
</th><th align="left">
74
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">
78
</td><td align="justify">
80
User and group names returned by <code class="literal">winbindd</code> are now converted to lower case
81
for better consistency. Samba implementations that depend on the case of information returned
82
by winbind (such as %u and %U) must now convert the dependency to expecting lower case values.
83
This affects mail spool files, home directories, valid user lines in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file, etc.
85
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">
89
</td><td align="justify">
91
Addition of code to handle password aging, password uniqueness controls, bad
92
password instances at logon time, have made necessary extensions to the SambaSAM
93
schema. This change affects all sites that use LDAP and means that the directory
94
schema must be updated.
96
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">
100
</td><td align="justify">
102
Samba-3.0.8 redefined the behavior: Local authentication results in a username map file
103
lookup before authenticating the connection. All authentication via an external domain
104
controller will result in the use of the fully qualified name (i.e.: DOMAIN\username)
105
after the user has been successfully authenticated.
107
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">
109
UNIX Extension Handling
111
</td><td align="justify">
113
Symbolically linked files and directories on the UNIX host to absolute paths will
114
now be followed. This can be turned off using “<span class="quote">wide links = No</span>” in
115
the share stanza in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file. Turning off “<span class="quote">wide links</span>”
116
support will degrade server performance because each path must be checked.
118
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">
122
</td><td align="justify">
124
Versions of Samba prior to samba-3.0.11 required the use of the UNIX <code class="constant">root</code>
125
account from network Windows clients. The new “<span class="quote">enable privileges = Yes</span>” capability
126
means that functions such as adding machines to the domain, managing printers, etc. can now
127
be delegated to normal user accounts or to groups of users.
129
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2498848"></a>Prerequisites</h2></div></div></div><p>
130
This book is not a tutorial on UNIX or Linux administration. UNIX and Linux
131
training is best obtained from books dedicated to the subject. This book
132
assumes that you have at least the basic skill necessary to use these operating
133
systems, and that you can use a basic system editor to edit and configure files.
134
It has been written with the assumption that you have experience with Samba,
135
have read <span class="emphasis"><em>The Official Samba-3 HOWTO and Reference Guide</em></span> and
136
the Samba-HOWTO-Collection, or that you have familiarity with Microsoft Windows.
138
If you do not have this experience, you can follow the examples in this book but may
139
find yourself at times intimidated by assumptions made. In this situation, you
140
may need to refer to administrative guides or manuals for your operating system
141
platform to find what is the best method to achieve what the text of this book describes.
142
</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2498880"></a>Approach</h2></div></div></div><p>
143
The first chapter deals with some rather thorny network analysis issues. Do not be
144
put off by this. The information you glean, even without a detailed understanding
145
of network protocol analysis, can help you understand how Windows networking functions.
147
Each following chapter of this book opens with the description of a networking solution
148
sought by a hypothetical site. Bob Jordan is a hypothetical decision maker
149
for an imaginary company, <code class="constant">Abmas Biz NL</code>. We will use the
150
non-existent domain name <code class="constant">abmas.biz</code>. All <span class="emphasis"><em>facts</em></span>
151
presented regarding this company are fictitious and have been drawn from a variety of real
152
business scenarios over many years. Not one of these reveal the identify of the
153
real-world company from which the scenario originated.
155
In any case, Mr. Jordan likes to give all his staff nasty little assignments.
156
Stanley Saroka is one of his proteges; Christine Roberson is the network administrator
157
Bob trusts. Jordan is inclined to treat other departments well because they finance
160
Each chapter presents a summary of the network solution we have chosen to
161
demonstrate together with a rationale to help you to understand the
162
thought process that drove that solution. The chapter then documents in precise
163
detail all configuration files and steps that must be taken to implement the
164
example solution. Anyone wishing to gain serious value from this book will
165
do well to take note of the implications of points made, so watch out for the
166
<span class="emphasis"><em>this means that</em></span> notations.
168
Each chapter has a set of questions and answers to help you to
169
to understand and digest key attributes of the solutions presented.
170
</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2498945"></a>Summary of Topics</h2></div></div></div><p>
171
The contents of this second edition of <span class="emphasis"><em>Samba-3 by Example</em></span>
172
have been rearranged based on feedback from purchasers of the first edition.
174
Clearly the first edition contained most of what was needed and that was missing
175
from other books that cover this difficult subject. The new arrangement adds
176
additional material to meet consumer requests and includes changes that originated
177
as suggestions for improvement.
179
Chapter 1 now dives directly into the heart of the implementation of Windows
180
file and print server networks that use Samba at the heart.
181
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">Chapter 1 No Frills Samba Servers.</span></dt><dd><p>
182
Here you design a solution for three different business scenarios, each for a
183
company called Abmas. There are two simple networking problems and one slightly
184
more complex networking challenge. In the first two cases, Abmas has a small
185
simple office, and they want to replace a Windows 9x peer-to-peer network. The
186
third example business uses Windows 2000 Professional. This must be simple,
187
so let's see how far we can get. If successful, Abmas grows quickly and
188
soon needs to replace all servers and workstations.
189
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> This chapter demands:
190
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Case 1: The simplest <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file that may
191
reasonably be used. Works with Samba-2.x also. This
192
configuration uses Share Mode security. Encrypted
193
passwords are not used, so there is no
194
<code class="filename">smbpasswd</code> file.
195
</p></li><li><p>Case 2: Another simple <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file that adds
196
WINS support and printing support. This case deals with
197
a special requirement that demonstrates how to deal with
198
purpose-built software that has a particular requirement
199
for certain share names and printing demands. This
200
configuration uses Share Mode security and also works with
201
Samba-2.x. Encrypted passwords are not used, so there is no
202
<code class="filename">smbpasswd</code> file.
203
</p></li><li><p>Case 3: This <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> configuration uses User Mode
204
security. The file share configuration demonstrates
205
the ability to provide master access to an administrator
206
while restricting all staff to their own work areas.
207
Encrypted passwords are used, so there is an implicit
208
<code class="filename">smbpasswd</code> file.
209
</p></li></ul></div><p>
210
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 2 Small Office Networking.</span></dt><dd><p>
211
Abmas is a successful company now. They have 50 network users
212
and want a little more varoom from the network. This is a typical
213
small office and they want better systems to help them to grow. This is
214
your chance to really give advanced users a bit more functionality and usefulness.
215
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> This <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file
216
makes use of encrypted passwords, so there is an <code class="filename">smbpasswd</code>
217
file. It also demonstrates use of the <em class="parameter"><code>valid users</code></em> and
218
<em class="parameter"><code>valid groups</code></em> to restrict share access. The Windows
219
clients access the server as Domain members. Mobile users log onto
220
the Domain while in the office, but use a local machine account while on the
221
road. The result is an environment that answers mobile computing user needs.
222
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 3 Secure Office Networking.</span></dt><dd><p>
223
Abmas is growing rapidly now. Money is a little tight, but with 130
224
network users, security has become a concern. They have many new machines
225
to install and the old equipment will be retired. This time they want the
226
new network to scale and grow for at least two years. Start with a sufficient
227
system and allow room for growth. You are now implementing an Internet
228
connection and have a few reservations about user expectations.
229
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> This <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file
230
makes use of encrypted passwords, and you can use a <code class="filename">tdbsam</code>
231
password backend. Domain logons are introduced. Applications are served from the central
232
server. Roaming profiles are mandated. Access to the server is tightened up
233
so that only domain members can access server resources. Mobile computing
234
needs still are catered to.
235
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 4 The 500 User Office.</span></dt><dd><p>
236
The two-year projections were met. Congratulations, you are a star.
237
Now Abmas needs to replace the network. Into the existing user base, they
238
need to merge a 280-user company they just acquired. It is time to build a serious
239
network. There are now three buildings on one campus and your assignment is
240
to keep everyone working while a new network is rolled out. Oh, isn't it nice
241
to roll out brand new clients and servers! Money is no longer tight, you get
242
to buy and install what you ask for. You will install routers and a firewall.
244
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> This <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file
245
makes use of encrypted passwords, and a <code class="filename">tdbsam</code>
246
password backend is used. You are not ready to launch into LDAP yet, so you
247
accept the limitation of having one central Domain Controller with a Domain
248
Member server in two buildings on your campus. A number of clever techniques
249
are used to demonstrate some of the smart options built into Samba.
250
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 5 Making Happy Users.</span></dt><dd><p>
251
Congratulations again. Abmas is happy with your services and you have been given another raise.
252
Your users are becoming much more capable and are complaining about little
253
things that need to be fixed. Are you up to the task? Mary says it takes her 20 minutes
254
to log onto the network and it is killing her productivity. Email is a bit <span class="emphasis"><em>
255
unreliable</em></span> have you been sleeping on the job? We do not discuss the
256
technology of email but when the use of mail clients breaks because of networking
257
problems, you had better get on top of it. It's time for a change.
258
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> This <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file
259
makes use of encrypted passwords; a distributed <code class="filename">ldapsam</code>
260
password backend is used. Roaming profiles are enabled. Desktop profile controls
261
are introduced. Check out the techniques that can improve the user experience
262
of network performance. As a special bonus, this chapter documents how to configure
263
smart downloading of printer drivers for drag-and-drop printing support. And, yes,
264
the secret of configuring CUPS is clearly documented. Go for it; this one will
266
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 6 A Distributed 2000 User Network.</span></dt><dd><p>
267
Only eight months have passed, and Abmas has acquired another company. You now need to expand
268
the network further. You have to deal with a network that spans several countries.
269
There are three new networks in addition to the original three buildings at the head-office
270
campus. The head office is in New York and you have branch offices in Washington, Los Angeles, and
271
London. Your desktop standard is Windows XP Professional. In many ways, everything has changed
272
and yet it must remain the same. Your team is primed for another roll-out. You know there are
273
further challenges ahead.
274
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> Slave LDAP servers are introduced. Samba is
275
configured to use multiple LDAP backends. This is a brief chapter; it assumes that the
276
technology has been mastered and gets right down to concepts and how to deploy them.
277
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 7 Adding UNIX/Linux Servers and Clients.</span></dt><dd><p>
278
Well done, Bob, your team has achieved much. Now help Abmas integrate the entire network.
279
You want central control and central support and you need to cut costs. How can you reduce administrative
280
overheads and yet get better control of the network?
282
This chapter has been contributed by Mark Taylor <code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:mark.taylor@siriusit.co.uk">mark.taylor@siriusit.co.uk</a>></code>
283
and is based on a live site. For further information regarding this example case,
284
please contact Mark directly.
285
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> It is time to consider how to add Samba servers
286
and UNIX and Linux network clients. Users who convert to Linux want to be able to log on
287
using Windows network accounts. You explore nss_ldap, pam_ldap, winbind, and a few neat
288
techniques for taking control. Are you ready for this?
289
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 8 Updating Samba-3.</span></dt><dd><p>
290
This chapter is the result of repeated requests for better documentation of the steps
291
that must be followed when updating or upgrading a Samba server. It attempts to cover
292
the entire subject in broad-brush but at the same time provides detailed background
293
information that is not covered elsewhere in the Samba documentation.
294
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> Samba stores a lot of essential network
295
information in a large and growing collection of files. This chapter documents the
296
essentials of where those files may be located and how to find them. It also provides
297
an insight into inter-related matters that affect a Samba installation.
298
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 9 Migrating NT4 Domain to Samba-3.</span></dt><dd><p>
299
Another six months have passed. Abmas has acquired yet another company. You will find a
300
way to migrate all users off the old network onto the existing network without loss
301
of passwords and will effect the change-over during one weekend. May the force (and caffeine) be with
302
you, may you keep your back to the wind and may the sun shine on your face.
303
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> This chapter demonstrates the use of
304
the <code class="literal">net rpc migrate</code> facility using an LDAP ldapsam backend, and also
305
using a tdbsam passdb backend. Both are much-asked-for examples of NT4 Domain migration.
306
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 10 Migrating NetWare 4.11 Server to Samba.</span></dt><dd><p>
307
Misty Stanley-Jones has contributed information that summarizes her experience at migration
308
from a NetWare server to Samba-3.
309
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> The documentation provided demonstrates
310
how one site migrated from NetWare to Samba. Some alternatives tools are mentioned. These
311
could be used to provide another pathway to a successful migration.
312
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 11 Active Directory, Kerberos and Security.</span></dt><dd><p>
313
Abmas has acquired another company that has just migrated to running Windows Server 2003 and
314
Active Directory. One of your staff makes offhand comments that land you in hot water.
315
A network security auditor is hired by the head of the new business and files a damning
316
report, and you must address the <span class="emphasis"><em>defects</em></span> reported. You have hired new
317
network engineers who want to replace Microsoft Active Directory with a pure Kerberos
318
solution. How will you handle this?
319
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> This chapter is your answer. Learn about
320
share access controls, proper use of UNIX/Linux file system access controls, and Windows
321
200x Access Control Lists. Follow these steps to beat the critics.
322
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 12 Integrating Additional Services.</span></dt><dd><p>
323
The battle is almost over, Samba-3 has won the day. Your team are delighted and now you
324
find yourself at yet another cross-roads. Abmas have acquired a snack food business, you
325
made promises you must keep. IT costs must be reduced, you have new resistance, but you
326
will win again. This time you choose to install the Squid proxy server to validate the
327
fact that Samba is far more than just a file and print server. SPNEGO authentication
328
support means that your Microsoft Windows clients gain transparent proxy access.
329
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> Samba provides the <code class="literal">ntlm_auth</code>
330
module that makes it possible for MS Windows Internet Explorer to connect via the Squid Web
331
and FTP proxy server. You will configure Samba-3 as well as Squid to deliver authenticated
332
access control using the Active Directory Domain user security credentials.
333
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 13 Performance, Reliability and Availability.</span></dt><dd><p>
334
Bob, are you sure the new Samba server is up to the load? Your network is serving many
335
users who risk becoming unproductive. What can you do to keep ahead of demand? Can you
336
keep the cost under control also? What can go wrong?
337
</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>TechInfo</em></span> Hot tips that put chili into your
338
network. Avoid name resolution problems, identify potential causes of network collisions,
339
avoid Samba configuration options that will weigh the server down. MS distributed file
340
services to make your network fly and much more. This chapter contains a good deal of
341
“<span class="quote">Did I tell you about this...?</span>” type of hints to help keep your name on the top
343
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 14 Samba Support.</span></dt><dd><p>
344
This chapter has been added specifically to help those who are seeking professional
345
paid support for Samba. The critics of Open Source Software often assert that
346
there is no support for free software. Some critics argue that free software
347
undermines the service that proprietary commercial software vendors depend on.
348
This chapter explains what are the support options for Samba and the fact that
349
a growing number of businesses make money by providing commercial paid-for
351
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 15 A Collection of Useful Tid-bits.</span></dt><dd><p>
352
Sometimes it seems that there is not a good place for certain odds and ends that
353
impact Samba deployment. Some readers would argue that everyone can be expected
354
to know this information, or at least be able to find it easily. So to avoid
355
offending a reader's sensitivities, the tid-bits have been placed in this chapter.
356
Do check out the contents, you may find something of value among the loose ends.
357
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Chapter 16 Windows Networking Primer.</span></dt><dd><p>
358
Here we cover practical exercises to help us to understand how MS Windows
359
network protocols function. A network protocol analyzer helps you to
360
appreciate the fact that Windows networking is highly dependent on broadcast
361
messaging. Additionally, you can look into network packets that a Windows
362
client sends to a network server to set up a network connection. On completion,
363
you should have a basic understanding of how network browsing functions and
364
have seen some of the information a Windows client sends to
365
a file and print server to create a connection over which file and print
366
operations may take place.
367
</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2550640"></a>Conventions Used</h2></div></div></div><p>
368
The following notation conventions are used throughout this book:
369
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
370
TOSHARG2 is used as an abbreviation for the book, “<span class="quote">The Official Samba-3
371
HOWTO and Reference Guide, Second Edition</span>” Editors: John H. Terpstra and Jelmer R. Vernooij,
372
Publisher: Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0131882228.
374
S3bE2 is used as an abbreviation for the book, “<span class="quote">Samba-3 by Example, Second Edition</span>”
375
Editors: John H. Terpstra, Publisher: Prentice Hall, ISBN: 013188221X.
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Directories and filenames appear in mono-font. For example,
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<code class="filename">/etc/pam.conf</code>.
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Executable names are bolded. For example, <code class="literal">smbd</code>.
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Menu items and buttons appear in bold. For example, click <span class="guibutton">Next</span>.
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Selecting a menu item is indicated as:
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<span class="guimenu">Start</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Control Panel</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Administrative Tools</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Active Directory Users and Computers</span>
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