1
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter�1.�How to Install and Test SAMBA</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba 3.4.x HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="up" href="introduction.html" title="Part�I.�General Installation"><link rel="prev" href="introduction.html" title="Part�I.�General Installation"><link rel="next" href="FastStart.html" title="Chapter�2.�Fast Start: Cure for Impatience"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter�1.�How to Install and Test SAMBA</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="introduction.html">Prev</a>�</td><th width="60%" align="center">Part�I.�General Installation</th><td width="20%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="FastStart.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="install"></a>Chapter�1.�How to Install and Test SAMBA</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Andrew</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Tridgell</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:tridge@samba.org">tridge@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jelmer</span> <span class="othername">R.</span> <span class="orgname">The Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Vernooij</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">The Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:jelmer@samba.org">jelmer@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Karl</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Auer</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:kauer@biplane.com.au">kauer@biplane.com.au</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dan</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Shearer</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:dan@samba.org">dan@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2551909">Obtaining and Installing Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2551950">Configuring Samba (smb.conf)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2551991">Configuration File Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#tdbdocs">TDB Database File Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2552892">Starting Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553073">Example Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553476">SWAT</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2553534">List Shares Available on the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2553587">Connect with a UNIX Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2553678">Connect from a Remote SMB Client</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553759">What If Things Don't Work?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553800">Still Stuck?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="install.html#id2553832">Common Errors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553842">Large Number of smbd Processes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553930">Error Message: open_oplock_ipc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="install.html#id2553962">The network name cannot be found</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2551909"></a>Obtaining and Installing Samba</h2></div></div></div><p>
2
<a class="indexterm" name="id2551917"></a>
3
Binary packages of Samba are included in almost any Linux or UNIX distribution. There are also some
4
packages available at <a class="ulink" href="http://samba.org/" target="_top">the Samba home page</a>. Refer to the manual of your
5
operating system for details on installing packages for your specific operating system.
7
<a class="indexterm" name="id2551935"></a>
8
If you need to compile Samba from source, check <a class="link" href="compiling.html" title="Chapter�42.�How to Compile Samba">How to Compile Samba</a>.
9
</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2551950"></a>Configuring Samba (smb.conf)</h2></div></div></div><p>
10
<a class="indexterm" name="id2551957"></a>
11
<a class="indexterm" name="id2551963"></a>
12
Samba's configuration is stored in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file, which usually resides in
13
<code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> or <code class="filename">/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf</code>. You can either
14
edit this file yourself or do it using one of the many graphical tools that are available, such as the
15
Web-based interface SWAT, that is included with Samba.
16
</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2551991"></a>Configuration File Syntax</h3></div></div></div><p>
17
<a class="indexterm" name="id2551999"></a>
18
The <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file uses the same syntax as the various old <code class="filename">.ini</code> files in Windows
19
3.1: Each file consists of various sections, which are started by putting the section name between brackets
20
(<code class="literal">[]</code>) on a new line. Each contains zero or more key/value pairs separated by an equality
21
sign (<code class="literal">=</code>). The file is just a plaintext file, so you can open and edit it with your favorite
24
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552036"></a>
25
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552042"></a>
26
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552051"></a>
27
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552057"></a>
28
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552063"></a>
29
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552072"></a>
30
Each section in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file represents either a share or a meta-service on the Samba server. The
31
section <code class="literal">[global]</code> is special, since it contains settings that apply to the whole Samba
32
server. Samba supports a number of meta-services, each of which serves its own purpose. For example, the
33
<code class="literal">[homes]</code> share is a meta-service that causes Samba to provide a personal home share for
34
each user. The <code class="literal">[printers]</code> share is a meta-service that establishes print queue support
35
and that specifies the location of the intermediate spool directory into which print jobs are received
36
from Windows clients prior to being dispatched to the UNIX/Linux print spooler.
38
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552115"></a>
39
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552121"></a>
40
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552127"></a>
41
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552133"></a>
42
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552140"></a>
43
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552146"></a>
44
The <code class="literal">printers</code> meta-service will cause every printer that is either specified in a
45
<code class="literal">printcap</code> file, via the <code class="literal">lpstat</code>, or via the CUPS API, to be
46
published as a shared print queue. The <code class="literal">printers</code> stanza in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file can
47
be set as not browseable. If it is set to be browseable, then it will be visible as if it is a share.
48
That makes no sense given that this meta-service is responsible only for making UNIX system printers
49
available as Windows print queues. If a <code class="literal">comment</code> parameter is specified, the value
50
of it will be displayed as part of the printer name in Windows Explorer browse lists.
52
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552196"></a>
53
Each section of the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file that specifies a share, or a meta-service, is called a stanza.
54
The <code class="literal">global</code> stanza specifies settings that affect all the other stanzas in the
55
<code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file. Configuration parameters are documented in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> man page. Some parameters
56
can be used only in the <code class="literal">global</code> stanza, some only in share or meta-service stanzas,
57
and some can be used globally or just within a share or meta-service stanza.
59
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552238"></a>
60
<a class="link" href="install.html#smbconfminimal" title="Example�1.1.�A minimal smb.conf">A minimal smb.conf</a> contains a very minimal <code class="filename">smb.conf</code>.
61
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552257"></a>
62
</p><div class="example"><a name="smbconfminimal"></a><p class="title"><b>Example�1.1.�A minimal smb.conf</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[global]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552286"></a><em class="parameter"><code>workgroup = WKG</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552296"></a><em class="parameter"><code>netbios name = MYNAME</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[share1]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552315"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /tmp</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[share2]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552334"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /my_shared_folder</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2552344"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Some random files</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="tdbdocs"></a>TDB Database File Information</h3></div></div></div><p>
63
This section contains brief descriptions of the databases that are used by Samba-3.
65
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552371"></a>
66
The directory in which Samba stores the tdb files is determined by compile-time directives. Samba-3 stores
67
tdb files in two locations. The best way to determine these locations is to execute the following
69
</p><pre class="screen">
70
<code class="prompt">root# </code> smbd -b | grep PRIVATE_DIR
71
PRIVATE_DIR: /etc/samba/private
73
This means that the confidential tdb files are stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/private</code>
74
directory. Samba-3 also uses a number of tdb files that contain more mundane data. The location of
75
these files can be found by executing:
76
</p><pre class="screen">
77
<code class="prompt">root# </code> smbd -b | grep LOCKDIR
78
LOCKDIR: /var/lib/samba
80
Therefore the remaining control files will, in the example shown, be stored in the
81
<code class="filename">/var/lib/samba</code> directory.
83
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552423"></a>
84
The persistent tdb files are described in <a class="link" href="install.html#tdbpermfiledesc" title="Table�1.1.�Persistent TDB File Descriptions">the Persistent TDB File
85
Descriptions table</a>. All persistent tdb files should be regularly backed up. Use the
86
<code class="literal">tdbbackup</code> utility to backup the tdb files. All persistent tdb files must be
87
preserved during machine migrations, updates and upgrades.
89
The temporary tdb files do not need to be backed up, nor do they need to be preseved across machine
90
migrations, updates or upgrades. The temporary tdb files are described in <a class="link" href="install.html#tdbtempfiledesc" title="Table�1.2.�Temporary TDB File Descriptions">
91
the Temporary TDB File Descriptions</a>.
92
</p><div class="table"><a name="tdbpermfiledesc"></a><p class="title"><b>Table�1.1.�Persistent TDB File Descriptions</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Persistent TDB File Descriptions" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Name</th><th align="justify">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">account_policy</td><td align="justify"><p>Samba/NT account policy settings, includes password expiration settings.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">group_mapping</td><td align="justify"><p>Mapping table from Windows groups/SID to UNIX groups.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">ntdrivers</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores per-printer installed driver information.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">ntforms</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores per-printer installed forms information.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">ntprinters</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores the per-printer devmode configuration settings.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">passdb</td><td align="justify"><p>
93
Exists only when the tdbsam passwd backend is used. This file stores the
94
SambaSAMAccount information. Note: This file requires that user POSIX account information is
95
availble from either the /etc/passwd file, or from an alternative system source.
96
</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">registry</td><td align="justify"><p>
97
Read-only Samba database of a Windows registry skeleton that provides support for exporting
98
various database tables via the winreg RPCs.
99
</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">secrets</td><td align="justify"><p>
100
This file stores the Workgroup/Domain/Machine SID, the LDAP directory update password, and
101
a further collection of critical environmental data that is necessary for Samba to operate
102
correctly. This file contains very sensitive information that must be protected. It is stored
103
in the PRIVATE_DIR directory.
104
</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">share_info</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores per-share ACL information.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">winbindd_idmap</td><td align="justify"><p>Winbindd's local IDMAP database.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"><div class="table"><a name="tdbtempfiledesc"></a><p class="title"><b>Table�1.2.�Temporary TDB File Descriptions</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Temporary TDB File Descriptions" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"><col align="left"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Name</th><th align="justify">Description</th><th align="center">Backup</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">brlock</td><td align="justify"><p>Byte-range locking information.</p></td><td align="left">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">connections</td><td align="justify"><p>A temporary cache for current connection information used to enforce max connections.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">eventlog/*tdb</td><td align="justify"><p>Records of eventlog entries. In most circumstances this is just a cache of system logs.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">gencache</td><td align="justify"><p>Generic caching database for dead WINS servers and trusted domain data.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">login_cache</td><td align="justify"><p>A temporary cache for login information, in particular bad password attempts.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">messages</td><td align="justify"><p>Temporary storage of messages being processed by smbd.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">netsamlogon_cache</td><td align="justify"><p>Caches user net_info_3 structure data from net_samlogon requests (as a domain member).</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">perfmon/*.tdb</td><td align="justify"><p>Performance counter information.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">printing/*.tdb</td><td align="justify"><p>Cached output from lpq command created on a per-print-service basis.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">schannel_store</td><td align="justify"><p>
105
A confidential file, stored in the PRIVATE_DIR, containing crytographic connection
106
information so that clients that have temporarily disconnected can reconnect without
107
needing to renegotiate the connection setup process.
108
</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">sessionid</td><td align="justify"><p>Temporary cache for miscellaneous session information and for utmp handling.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">unexpected</td><td align="justify"><p>Stores packets received for which no process is actively listening.</p></td><td align="left">no</td></tr><tr><td align="left">winbindd_cache</td><td align="justify"><p>Cache of Identity information received from an NT4 domain or from ADS. Includes user
109
lists, etc.</p></td><td align="left">yes</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2552892"></a>Starting Samba</h3></div></div></div><p>
110
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552900"></a>
111
Samba essentially consists of two or three daemons. A daemon is a UNIX application that runs in the background and provides services.
112
An example of a service is the Apache Web server for which the daemon is called <code class="literal">httpd</code>. In the case of Samba there
113
are three daemons, two of which are needed as a minimum.
115
The Samba server is made up of the following daemons:
116
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">nmbd</span></dt><dd><p>
117
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552931"></a>
118
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552938"></a>
119
This daemon handles all name registration and resolution requests. It is the primary vehicle involved
120
in network browsing. It handles all UDP-based protocols. The <code class="literal">nmbd</code> daemon should
121
be the first command started as part of the Samba startup process.
122
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">smbd</span></dt><dd><p>
123
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552965"></a>
124
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552972"></a>
125
This daemon handles all TCP/IP-based connection services for file- and print-based operations. It also
126
manages local authentication. It should be started immediately following the startup of <code class="literal">nmbd</code>.
127
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">winbindd</span></dt><dd><p>
128
<a class="indexterm" name="id2552998"></a>
129
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553005"></a>
130
This daemon should be started when Samba is a member of a Windows NT4 or ADS domain. It is also needed when
131
Samba has trust relationships with another domain. The <code class="literal">winbindd</code> daemon will check the
132
<code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file for the presence of the <em class="parameter"><code>idmap uid</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>idmap gid</code></em>
133
parameters. If they are are found, <code class="literal">winbindd</code> will use the values specified for
134
for UID and GID allocation. If these parameters are not specified, <code class="literal">winbindd</code>
135
will start but it will not be able to allocate UIDs or GIDs.
136
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
137
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553057"></a>
138
When Samba has been packaged by an operating system vendor, the startup process is typically a custom feature of its
139
integration into the platform as a whole. Please refer to your operating system platform administration manuals for
140
specific information pertaining to correct management of Samba startup.
141
</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2553073"></a>Example Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p>
142
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553080"></a>
143
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553087"></a>
144
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553093"></a>
145
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553099"></a>
146
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553106"></a>
147
There are sample configuration files in the examples subdirectory in the source code distribution tarball
148
package. It is suggested you read them carefully so you can see how the options go together in practice. See
149
the man page for all the options. It might be worthwhile to start out with the
150
<code class="filename">smb.conf.default</code> configuration file and adapt it to your needs. It contains plenty of comments.
152
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553127"></a>
153
The simplest useful configuration file would contain something like that shown in
154
<a class="link" href="install.html#simple-example" title="Example�1.2.�Another simple smb.conf File">Another simple smb.conf File</a>.
155
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553143"></a>
156
</p><div class="example"><a name="simple-example"></a><p class="title"><b>Example�1.2.�Another simple smb.conf File</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[global]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2553172"></a><em class="parameter"><code>workgroup = MIDEARTH</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[homes]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2553190"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest ok = no</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2553201"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = no</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>
157
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553214"></a>
158
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553221"></a>
159
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553227"></a>
160
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553233"></a>
161
This will allow connections by anyone with an account on the server, using either
162
their login name or <em class="parameter"><code>homes</code></em> as the service name.
163
(Note: The workgroup that Samba should appear in must also be set. The default
164
workgroup name is WORKGROUP.)
166
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553252"></a>
167
Make sure you put the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file in the correct place. Note, the correct location of this file
168
depends on how the binary files were built. You can discover the correct location by executing from
169
the directory that contains the <code class="literal">smbd</code> command file:
170
</p><pre class="screen">
171
<code class="prompt">root# </code> smbd -b | grep smb.conf
174
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553286"></a>
175
For more information about security settings for the <em class="parameter"><code>[homes]</code></em> share, please refer to
176
<a class="link" href="securing-samba.html" title="Chapter�18.�Securing Samba">Securing Samba</a>.
177
</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2553307"></a>Test Your Config File with <code class="literal">testparm</code></h4></div></div></div><p>
178
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553318"></a>
179
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553325"></a>
180
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553331"></a>
181
It's important to validate the contents of the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file using the <span class="application">testparm</span> program.
182
If testparm runs correctly, it will list the loaded services. If not, it will give an error message.
183
Make sure it runs correctly and that the services look reasonable before proceeding. Enter the command:
184
</p><pre class="screen">
185
<code class="prompt">root# </code> testparm /etc/samba/smb.conf
187
Testparm will parse your configuration file and report any unknown parameters or incorrect syntax.
188
It also performs a check for common misconfigurations and will issue a warning if one is found.
190
Always run testparm again whenever the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file is changed!
192
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553379"></a>
193
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553386"></a>
194
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553392"></a>
195
<a class="indexterm" name="id2553398"></a>
196
The <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file is constantly checked by the Samba daemons <code class="literal">smbd</code> and every instance of
197
itself that it spawns, <code class="literal">nmbd</code> and <code class="literal">winbindd</code>. It is good practice to
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keep this file as small as possible. Many administrators prefer to document Samba configuration settings
199
and thus the need to keep this file small goes against good documentation wisdom. One solution that may
200
be adopted is to do all documentation and configuration in a file that has another name, such as
201
<code class="filename">smb.conf.master</code>. The <code class="literal">testparm</code> utility can be used to generate a
202
fully optimized <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file from this master configuration and documentation file as shown here:
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</p><pre class="screen">
204
<code class="prompt">root# </code> testparm -s smb.conf.master > smb.conf
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This administrative method makes it possible to maintain detailed configuration change records while at
207
the same time keeping the working <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file size to the minimum necessary.
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</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2553476"></a>SWAT</h3></div></div></div><p>
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<a class="indexterm" name="id2553484"></a>
210
SWAT is a Web-based interface that can be used to facilitate the configuration of Samba. SWAT might not
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be available in the Samba package that shipped with your platform, but in a separate package. If you need to build SWAT please read the SWAT man page regarding compilation, installation, and
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configuration of SWAT from the source code.
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To launch SWAT, just run your favorite Web browser and point it to
215
<a class="ulink" href="http://localhost:901/" target="_top">http://localhost:901/</a>.
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Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>localhost</code></em> with the name of the computer on which
217
Samba is running if that is a different computer than your browser.
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SWAT can be used from a browser on any IP-connected machine, but be aware that connecting from a remote
220
machine leaves your connection open to password sniffing because passwords will be sent over the wire in the clear.
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Please note that re-writing the configuration file using SWAT will
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More information about SWAT can be found in <a class="link" href="SWAT.html" title="Chapter�37.�SWAT: The Samba Web Administration Tool">The Samba Web Administration Tool</a>.
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</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2553534"></a>List Shares Available on the Server</h2></div></div></div><p>
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To list shares that are available from the configured Samba server, execute the
228
</p><pre class="screen">
229
<code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>smbclient -L <em class="replaceable"><code>yourhostname</code></em></code></strong>
231
You should see a list of shares available on your server. If you do not, then
232
something is incorrectly configured. This method can also be used to see what shares
233
are available on other SMB servers, such as Windows 2000.
235
If you choose user-level security, you may find that Samba requests a password
236
before it will list the shares. See the <code class="literal">smbclient</code> man page for details.
237
You can force it to list the shares without a password by adding the option
238
<code class="option">-N</code> to the command line.
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</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2553587"></a>Connect with a UNIX Client</h2></div></div></div><p>
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Enter the following command:
241
</p><pre class="screen">
242
<code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>smbclient <em class="replaceable"><code> //yourhostname/aservice</code></em></code></strong>
243
</pre><p>Typically <em class="replaceable"><code>yourhostname</code></em> is the name of the host on which <span class="application">smbd</span>
244
has been installed. The <em class="replaceable"><code>aservice</code></em> is any service that has been defined in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code>
245
file. Try your username if you just have a <em class="parameter"><code>[homes]</code></em> section in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file.</p><p>Example: If the UNIX host is called <em class="replaceable"><code>bambi</code></em> and a valid login name
246
is <em class="replaceable"><code>fred</code></em>, you would type:</p><pre class="screen">
247
<code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>smbclient //<em class="replaceable"><code>bambi</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>fred</code></em></code></strong>
248
</pre></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2553678"></a>Connect from a Remote SMB Client</h2></div></div></div><p>
249
Now that Samba is working correctly locally, you can try to access it from other clients. Within a few
250
minutes, the Samba host should be listed in the Network Neighborhood on all Windows clients of its subnet.
251
Try browsing the server from another client or "mounting" it.
253
Mounting disks from a DOS, Windows, or OS/2 client can be done by running a command such as:
254
</p><pre class="screen">
255
<code class="prompt">C:\> </code><strong class="userinput"><code>net use m: \\servername\service</code></strong>
257
Where the drive letter m: is any available drive letter. It is important to double-check that the
258
service (share) name that you used does actually exist.
260
Try printing, for example,
261
</p><pre class="screen">
262
<code class="prompt">C:\> </code><strong class="userinput"><code>net use lpt1: \\servername\spoolservice</code></strong>
264
The <code class="literal">spoolservice</code> is the name of the printer (actually the print queue) on the target
265
server. This will permit all print jobs that are captured by the lpt1: port on the Windows client to
266
be sent to the printer that owns the spoolservice that has been specified.
268
</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">C:\> </code><strong class="userinput"><code>print filename</code></strong>
269
</pre><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2553759"></a>What If Things Don't Work?</h3></div></div></div><p>
270
You might want to read <a class="link" href="diagnosis.html" title="Chapter�38.�The Samba Checklist">The Samba Checklist</a>. If you are still
271
stuck, refer to <a class="link" href="problems.html" title="Chapter�39.�Analyzing and Solving Samba Problems">Analyzing and Solving Samba Problems</a>. Samba has
272
been successfully installed at thousands of sites worldwide. It is unlikely that your particular problem is
273
unique, so it might be productive to perform an Internet search to see if someone else has encountered your
274
problem and has found a way to overcome it.
276
If you are new to Samba, and particularly if you are new to Windows networking, or to UNIX/Linux,
277
the book “<span class="quote">Samba-3 by Example</span>” will help you to create a validated network environment.
278
Simply choose from the first five chapters the network design that most closely matches site needs,
279
then follow the simple step-by-step procedure to deploy it. Later, when you have a working network
280
you may well want to refer back to this book for further insight into opportunities for improvement.
281
</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2553800"></a>Still Stuck?</h3></div></div></div><p>
282
The best advice under the stress of abject frustration is to cool down! That may be challenging
283
of itself, but while you are angry or annoyed your ability to seek out a solution is somewhat
284
undermined. A cool head clears the way to finding the answer you are looking for. Just remember,
285
every problem has a solution there is a good chance that someone else has found it
286
even though you can't right now. That will change with time, patience and learning.
288
Now that you have cooled down a bit, please refer to <a class="link" href="diagnosis.html" title="Chapter�38.�The Samba Checklist">the Samba Checklist</a>
289
for a process that can be followed to identify the cause of your problem.
290
</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2553832"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div></div><p>
291
The following questions and issues are raised repeatedly on the Samba mailing list.
292
</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2553842"></a>Large Number of smbd Processes</h3></div></div></div><p>
293
Samba consists of three core programs: <span class="application">nmbd</span>, <span class="application">smbd</span>, and <span class="application">winbindd</span>. <span class="application">nmbd</span> is the name server message daemon,
294
<span class="application">smbd</span> is the server message daemon, and <span class="application">winbindd</span> is the daemon that handles communication with domain controllers.
296
If Samba is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> running as a WINS server, then there will be one single instance of
297
<span class="application">nmbd</span> running on your system. If it is running as a WINS server, then there will be
298
two instances one to handle the WINS requests.
300
<span class="application">smbd</span> handles all connection requests. It spawns a new process for each client
301
connection made. That is why you may see so many of them, one per client connection.
303
<span class="application">winbindd</span> will run as one or two daemons, depending on whether or not it is being
304
run in <span class="emphasis"><em>split mode</em></span> (in which case there will be two instances).
305
</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2553930"></a>Error Message: open_oplock_ipc</h3></div></div></div><p>
306
An error message is observed in the log files when <span class="application">smbd</span> is started: “<span class="quote">open_oplock_ipc: Failed to
307
get local UDP socket for address 100007f. Error was Cannot assign requested.</span>”
309
Your loopback device isn't working correctly. Make sure it is configured correctly. The loopback
310
device is an internal (virtual) network device with the IP address <span class="emphasis"><em>127.0.0.1</em></span>.
311
Read your OS documentation for details on how to configure the loopback on your system.
312
</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2553962"></a>“<span class="quote"><span class="errorname">The network name cannot be found</span></span>”</h3></div></div></div><p>
313
This error can be caused by one of these misconfigurations:
314
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>You specified a nonexisting path
315
for the share in <code class="filename">smb.conf</code>.</p></li><li><p>The user you are trying to access the share with does not
316
have sufficient permissions to access the path for
317
the share. Both read (r) and access (x) should be possible.</p></li><li><p>The share you are trying to access does not exist.</p></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="introduction.html">Prev</a>�</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="introduction.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right">�<a accesskey="n" href="FastStart.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Part�I.�General Installation�</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">�Chapter�2.�Fast Start: Cure for Impatience</td></tr></table></div></body></html>