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<div class="section" id="module-readline">
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<span id="readline-gnu-readline-interface"></span><h1>16.8. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></code></a> — GNU readline interface<a class="headerlink" href="#module-readline" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></code></a> module defines a number of functions to facilitate
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completion and reading/writing of history files from the Python interpreter.
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This module can be used directly or via the <a class="reference internal" href="rlcompleter.html#module-rlcompleter" title="rlcompleter: Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">rlcompleter</span></code></a> module. Settings
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made using this module affect the behaviour of both the interpreter’s
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interactive prompt and the prompts offered by the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#raw_input" title="raw_input"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">raw_input()</span></code></a> and
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<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#input" title="input"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">input()</span></code></a> built-in functions.</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p>On MacOS X the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></code></a> module can be implemented using
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the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libedit</span></code> library instead of GNU readline.</p>
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<p class="last">The configuration file for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libedit</span></code> is different from that
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of GNU readline. If you programmatically load configuration strings
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you can check for the text “libedit” in <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline.__doc__</span></code>
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to differentiate between GNU readline and libedit.</p>
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<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></code></a> module defines the following functions:</p>
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<dt id="readline.parse_and_bind">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">parse_and_bind</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.parse_and_bind" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Parse and execute single line of a readline init file.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.get_line_buffer">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">get_line_buffer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_line_buffer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the current contents of the line buffer.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.insert_text">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">insert_text</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.insert_text" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Insert text into the command line.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.read_init_file">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">read_init_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>filename</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.read_init_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Parse a readline initialization file. The default filename is the last filename
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.read_history_file">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">read_history_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>filename</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.read_history_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Load a readline history file. The default filename is <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/.history</span></code>.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.write_history_file">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">write_history_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>filename</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.write_history_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Save a readline history file. The default filename is <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/.history</span></code>.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.clear_history">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">clear_history</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.clear_history" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Clear the current history. (Note: this function is not available if the
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installed version of GNU readline doesn’t support it.)</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.get_history_length">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">get_history_length</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_history_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the desired length of the history file. Negative values imply unlimited
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history file size.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.set_history_length">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">set_history_length</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>length</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_history_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Set the number of lines to save in the history file. <a class="reference internal" href="#readline.write_history_file" title="readline.write_history_file"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">write_history_file()</span></code></a>
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uses this value to truncate the history file when saving. Negative values imply
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unlimited history file size.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.get_current_history_length">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">get_current_history_length</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_current_history_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the number of lines currently in the history. (This is different from
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<a class="reference internal" href="#readline.get_history_length" title="readline.get_history_length"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_history_length()</span></code></a>, which returns the maximum number of lines that will
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be written to a history file.)</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.get_history_item">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">get_history_item</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>index</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_history_item" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the current contents of history item at <em>index</em>.</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.remove_history_item">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">remove_history_item</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>pos</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.remove_history_item" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Remove history item specified by its position from the history.</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.replace_history_item">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">replace_history_item</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>pos</em>, <em>line</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.replace_history_item" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Replace history item specified by its position with the given line.</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.redisplay">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">redisplay</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.redisplay" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Change what’s displayed on the screen to reflect the current contents of the
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.set_startup_hook">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">set_startup_hook</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>function</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_startup_hook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Set or remove the startup_hook function. If <em>function</em> is specified, it will be
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used as the new startup_hook function; if omitted or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, any hook function
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already installed is removed. The startup_hook function is called with no
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arguments just before readline prints the first prompt.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.set_pre_input_hook">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">set_pre_input_hook</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>function</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_pre_input_hook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Set or remove the pre_input_hook function. If <em>function</em> is specified, it will
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be used as the new pre_input_hook function; if omitted or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, any hook
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function already installed is removed. The pre_input_hook function is called
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with no arguments after the first prompt has been printed and just before
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readline starts reading input characters.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.set_completer">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">set_completer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>function</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_completer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Set or remove the completer function. If <em>function</em> is specified, it will be
228
used as the new completer function; if omitted or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, any completer
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function already installed is removed. The completer function is called as
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<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">function(text,</span> <span class="pre">state)</span></code>, for <em>state</em> in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></code>, ..., until it
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returns a non-string value. It should return the next possible completion
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starting with <em>text</em>.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.get_completer">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">get_completer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_completer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Get the completer function, or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if no completer function has been set.</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.get_completion_type">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">get_completion_type</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_completion_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Get the type of completion being attempted.</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.get_begidx">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">get_begidx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_begidx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Get the beginning index of the readline tab-completion scope.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.get_endidx">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">get_endidx</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_endidx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Get the ending index of the readline tab-completion scope.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.set_completer_delims">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">set_completer_delims</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_completer_delims" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Set the readline word delimiters for tab-completion.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.get_completer_delims">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">get_completer_delims</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_completer_delims" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Get the readline word delimiters for tab-completion.</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.set_completion_display_matches_hook">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">set_completion_display_matches_hook</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>function</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_completion_display_matches_hook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Set or remove the completion display function. If <em>function</em> is
281
specified, it will be used as the new completion display function;
282
if omitted or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, any completion display function already
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installed is removed. The completion display function is called as
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<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">function(substitution,</span> <span class="pre">[matches],</span> <span class="pre">longest_match_length)</span></code> once
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each time matches need to be displayed.</p>
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="readline.add_history">
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<code class="descclassname">readline.</code><code class="descname">add_history</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>line</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.add_history" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
294
<dd><p>Append a line to the history buffer, as if it was the last line typed.</p>
297
<div class="admonition seealso">
298
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
299
<dl class="last docutils">
300
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="rlcompleter.html#module-rlcompleter" title="rlcompleter: Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">rlcompleter</span></code></a></dt>
301
<dd>Completion of Python identifiers at the interactive prompt.</dd>
304
<div class="section" id="example">
305
<span id="readline-example"></span><h2>16.8.1. Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
306
<p>The following example demonstrates how to use the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></code></a> module’s
307
history reading and writing functions to automatically load and save a history
308
file named <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.pyhist</span></code> from the user’s home directory. The code below would
309
normally be executed automatically during interactive sessions from the user’s
310
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONSTARTUP"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONSTARTUP</span></code></a> file.</p>
311
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
312
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">readline</span>
313
<span class="n">histfile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expanduser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"~"</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s2">".pyhist"</span><span class="p">)</span>
314
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
315
<span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_history_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span>
316
<span class="c1"># default history len is -1 (infinite), which may grow unruly</span>
317
<span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_history_length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span>
318
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">IOError</span><span class="p">:</span>
319
<span class="k">pass</span>
320
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">atexit</span>
321
<span class="n">atexit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write_history_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span>
322
<span class="k">del</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span>
325
<p>The following example extends the <a class="reference internal" href="code.html#code.InteractiveConsole" title="code.InteractiveConsole"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">code.InteractiveConsole</span></code></a> class to
326
support history save/restore.</p>
327
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">code</span>
328
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">readline</span>
329
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">atexit</span>
330
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
332
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HistoryConsole</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">InteractiveConsole</span><span class="p">):</span>
333
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">locals</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"<console>"</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="n">histfile</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expanduser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"~/.console-history"</span><span class="p">)):</span>
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<span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">InteractiveConsole</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">locals</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">init_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_and_bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"tab: complete"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"read_history_file"</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_history_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">IOError</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="k">pass</span>
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<span class="n">atexit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save_history</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">save_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_history_length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write_history_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">16.8. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></code> — GNU readline interface</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">16.8.1. Example</a></li>
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<h4>Previous topic</h4>
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<p class="topless"><a href="mmap.html"
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title="previous chapter">16.7. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mmap</span></code> — Memory-mapped file support</a></p>
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<p class="topless"><a href="rlcompleter.html"
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title="next chapter">16.9. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rlcompleter</span></code> — Completion function for GNU readline</a></p>
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<span class="version_switcher_placeholder">2.7.11</span>
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