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<h1>Python Module Index</h1>
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<div class="modindex-jumpbox">
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<a href="#cap-_"><strong>_</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-a"><strong>a</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-b"><strong>b</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-c"><strong>c</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-d"><strong>d</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-e"><strong>e</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-f"><strong>f</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-g"><strong>g</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-h"><strong>h</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-i"><strong>i</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-j"><strong>j</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-k"><strong>k</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-l"><strong>l</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-m"><strong>m</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-n"><strong>n</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-o"><strong>o</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-p"><strong>p</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-q"><strong>q</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-r"><strong>r</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-s"><strong>s</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-t"><strong>t</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-u"><strong>u</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-v"><strong>v</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-w"><strong>w</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-x"><strong>x</strong></a> |
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<a href="#cap-z"><strong>z</strong></a>
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<table class="indextable modindextable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
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<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
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<tr class="cap" id="cap-_"><td></td><td>
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<strong>_</strong></td><td></td></tr>
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<a href="library/__future__.html#module-__future__"><code class="xref">__future__</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Future statement definitions</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/__main__.html#module-__main__"><code class="xref">__main__</code></a></td><td>
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<em>The environment where the top-level script is run.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/_dummy_thread.html#module-_dummy_thread"><code class="xref">_dummy_thread</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Drop-in replacement for the _thread module.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/_thread.html#module-_thread"><code class="xref">_thread</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Low-level threading API.</em></td></tr>
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<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
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<tr class="cap" id="cap-a"><td></td><td>
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<strong>a</strong></td><td></td></tr>
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<a href="library/abc.html#module-abc"><code class="xref">abc</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Abstract base classes according to PEP 3119.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/aifc.html#module-aifc"><code class="xref">aifc</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/argparse.html#module-argparse"><code class="xref">argparse</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Command-line option and argument parsing library.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/array.html#module-array"><code class="xref">array</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/ast.html#module-ast"><code class="xref">ast</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/asynchat.html#module-asynchat"><code class="xref">asynchat</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Support for asynchronous command/response protocols.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/asyncio.html#module-asyncio"><code class="xref">asyncio</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/asyncore.html#module-asyncore"><code class="xref">asyncore</code></a></td><td>
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<em>A base class for developing asynchronous socket handling
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services.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/atexit.html#module-atexit"><code class="xref">atexit</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Register and execute cleanup functions.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/audioop.html#module-audioop"><code class="xref">audioop</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Manipulate raw audio data.</em></td></tr>
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<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
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<tr class="cap" id="cap-b"><td></td><td>
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<strong>b</strong></td><td></td></tr>
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<a href="library/base64.html#module-base64"><code class="xref">base64</code></a></td><td>
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<em>RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings;
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Base85 and Ascii85</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/bdb.html#module-bdb"><code class="xref">bdb</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Debugger framework.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/binascii.html#module-binascii"><code class="xref">binascii</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary
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representations.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/binhex.html#module-binhex"><code class="xref">binhex</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Encode and decode files in binhex4 format.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/bisect.html#module-bisect"><code class="xref">bisect</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Array bisection algorithms for binary searching.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/builtins.html#module-builtins"><code class="xref">builtins</code></a></td><td>
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<em>The module that provides the built-in namespace.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/bz2.html#module-bz2"><code class="xref">bz2</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression.</em></td></tr>
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<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
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<tr class="cap" id="cap-c"><td></td><td>
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<strong>c</strong></td><td></td></tr>
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<a href="library/calendar.html#module-calendar"><code class="xref">calendar</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation
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of the Unix cal program.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/cgi.html#module-cgi"><code class="xref">cgi</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/cgitb.html#module-cgitb"><code class="xref">cgitb</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/chunk.html#module-chunk"><code class="xref">chunk</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Module to read IFF chunks.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/cmath.html#module-cmath"><code class="xref">cmath</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Mathematical functions for complex numbers.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/cmd.html#module-cmd"><code class="xref">cmd</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build line-oriented command interpreters.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/code.html#module-code"><code class="xref">code</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/codecs.html#module-codecs"><code class="xref">codecs</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Encode and decode data and streams.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/codeop.html#module-codeop"><code class="xref">codeop</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code.</em></td></tr>
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<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
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id="toggle-1" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
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<a href="library/collections.html#module-collections"><code class="xref">collections</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Container datatypes</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="library/collections.abc.html#module-collections.abc"><code class="xref">collections.abc</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Abstract base classes for containers</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/colorsys.html#module-colorsys"><code class="xref">colorsys</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/compileall.html#module-compileall"><code class="xref">compileall</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree.</em></td></tr>
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<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
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id="toggle-2" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
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<code class="xref">concurrent</code></td><td>
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<td>
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<a href="library/concurrent.futures.html#module-concurrent.futures"><code class="xref">concurrent.futures</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Execute computations concurrently using threads or processes.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/configparser.html#module-configparser"><code class="xref">configparser</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Configuration file parser.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/contextlib.html#module-contextlib"><code class="xref">contextlib</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Utilities for with-statement contexts.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/copy.html#module-copy"><code class="xref">copy</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Shallow and deep copy operations.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/copyreg.html#module-copyreg"><code class="xref">copyreg</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Register pickle support functions.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/profile.html#module-cProfile"><code class="xref">cProfile</code></a></td><td>
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<a href="library/crypt.html#module-crypt"><code class="xref">crypt</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
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<em>The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/csv.html#module-csv"><code class="xref">csv</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/ctypes.html#module-ctypes"><code class="xref">ctypes</code></a></td><td>
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<em>A foreign function library for Python.</em></td></tr>
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<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
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id="toggle-3" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
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<a href="library/curses.html#module-curses"><code class="xref">curses</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
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<em>An interface to the curses library, providing portable
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terminal handling.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="library/curses.ascii.html#module-curses.ascii"><code class="xref">curses.ascii</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="library/curses.panel.html#module-curses.panel"><code class="xref">curses.panel</code></a></td><td>
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<em>A panel stack extension that adds depth to curses windows.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="library/curses.html#module-curses.textpad"><code class="xref">curses.textpad</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Emacs-like input editing in a curses window.</em></td></tr>
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<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
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<tr class="cap" id="cap-d"><td></td><td>
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<strong>d</strong></td><td></td></tr>
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<a href="library/datetime.html#module-datetime"><code class="xref">datetime</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Basic date and time types.</em></td></tr>
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<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
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id="toggle-4" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
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<a href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm"><code class="xref">dbm</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Interfaces to various Unix "database" formats.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm.dumb"><code class="xref">dbm.dumb</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Portable implementation of the simple DBM interface.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm.gnu"><code class="xref">dbm.gnu</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
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<em>GNU's reinterpretation of dbm.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="library/dbm.html#module-dbm.ndbm"><code class="xref">dbm.ndbm</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
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<em>The standard "database" interface, based on ndbm.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/decimal.html#module-decimal"><code class="xref">decimal</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/difflib.html#module-difflib"><code class="xref">difflib</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Helpers for computing differences between objects.</em></td></tr>
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<a href="library/dis.html#module-dis"><code class="xref">dis</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Disassembler for Python bytecode.</em></td></tr>
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<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
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id="toggle-5" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
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<a href="library/distutils.html#module-distutils"><code class="xref">distutils</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Support for building and installing Python modules into an
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existing Python installation.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.archive_util"><code class="xref">distutils.archive_util</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Utility functions for creating archive files (tarballs, zip files, ...)</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.bcppcompiler"><code class="xref">distutils.bcppcompiler</code></a></td><td>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.ccompiler"><code class="xref">distutils.ccompiler</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Abstract CCompiler class</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.cmd"><code class="xref">distutils.cmd</code></a></td><td>
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<em>This module provides the abstract base class Command. This class
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is subclassed by the modules in the distutils.command subpackage.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command"><code class="xref">distutils.command</code></a></td><td>
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<em>This subpackage contains one module for each standard Distutils command.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.bdist"><code class="xref">distutils.command.bdist</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build a binary installer for a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.bdist_dumb"><code class="xref">distutils.command.bdist_dumb</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build a "dumb" installer - a simple archive of files</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.bdist_msi"><code class="xref">distutils.command.bdist_msi</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build a binary distribution as a Windows MSI file</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.bdist_packager"><code class="xref">distutils.command.bdist_packager</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Abstract base class for packagers</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.bdist_rpm"><code class="xref">distutils.command.bdist_rpm</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build a binary distribution as a Redhat RPM and SRPM</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.bdist_wininst"><code class="xref">distutils.command.bdist_wininst</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build a Windows installer</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.build"><code class="xref">distutils.command.build</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build all files of a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.build_clib"><code class="xref">distutils.command.build_clib</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build any C libraries in a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.build_ext"><code class="xref">distutils.command.build_ext</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build any extensions in a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.build_py"><code class="xref">distutils.command.build_py</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build the .py/.pyc files of a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.build_scripts"><code class="xref">distutils.command.build_scripts</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Build the scripts of a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.check"><code class="xref">distutils.command.check</code></a></td><td>
502
<em>Check the metadata of a package</em></td></tr>
505
<td>
506
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.clean"><code class="xref">distutils.command.clean</code></a></td><td>
507
<em>Clean a package build area</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.config"><code class="xref">distutils.command.config</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Perform package configuration</em></td></tr>
515
<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.install"><code class="xref">distutils.command.install</code></a></td><td>
517
<em>Install a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.install_data"><code class="xref">distutils.command.install_data</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Install data files from a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.install_headers"><code class="xref">distutils.command.install_headers</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Install C/C++ header files from a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.install_lib"><code class="xref">distutils.command.install_lib</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Install library files from a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.install_scripts"><code class="xref">distutils.command.install_scripts</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Install script files from a package</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.register"><code class="xref">distutils.command.register</code></a></td><td>
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<em>Register a module with the Python Package Index</em></td></tr>
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<td>
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<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.command.sdist"><code class="xref">distutils.command.sdist</code></a></td><td>
547
<em>Build a source distribution</em></td></tr>
550
<td>
551
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.core"><code class="xref">distutils.core</code></a></td><td>
552
<em>The core Distutils functionality</em></td></tr>
555
<td>
556
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.cygwinccompiler"><code class="xref">distutils.cygwinccompiler</code></a></td><td>
560
<td>
561
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.debug"><code class="xref">distutils.debug</code></a></td><td>
562
<em>Provides the debug flag for distutils</em></td></tr>
565
<td>
566
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.dep_util"><code class="xref">distutils.dep_util</code></a></td><td>
567
<em>Utility functions for simple dependency checking</em></td></tr>
570
<td>
571
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.dir_util"><code class="xref">distutils.dir_util</code></a></td><td>
572
<em>Utility functions for operating on directories and directory trees</em></td></tr>
575
<td>
576
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.dist"><code class="xref">distutils.dist</code></a></td><td>
577
<em>Provides the Distribution class, which represents the module distribution being
578
built/installed/distributed</em></td></tr>
581
<td>
582
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.errors"><code class="xref">distutils.errors</code></a></td><td>
583
<em>Provides standard distutils exceptions</em></td></tr>
586
<td>
587
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.extension"><code class="xref">distutils.extension</code></a></td><td>
588
<em>Provides the Extension class, used to describe C/C++ extension modules in setup
589
scripts</em></td></tr>
592
<td>
593
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.fancy_getopt"><code class="xref">distutils.fancy_getopt</code></a></td><td>
594
<em>Additional getopt functionality</em></td></tr>
597
<td>
598
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.file_util"><code class="xref">distutils.file_util</code></a></td><td>
599
<em>Utility functions for operating on single files</em></td></tr>
602
<td>
603
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.filelist"><code class="xref">distutils.filelist</code></a></td><td>
604
<em>The FileList class, used for poking about the file system and
605
building lists of files.</em></td></tr>
608
<td>
609
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.log"><code class="xref">distutils.log</code></a></td><td>
610
<em>A simple logging mechanism, 282-style</em></td></tr>
613
<td>
614
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.msvccompiler"><code class="xref">distutils.msvccompiler</code></a></td><td>
615
<em>Microsoft Compiler</em></td></tr>
618
<td>
619
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.spawn"><code class="xref">distutils.spawn</code></a></td><td>
620
<em>Provides the spawn() function</em></td></tr>
623
<td>
624
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.sysconfig"><code class="xref">distutils.sysconfig</code></a></td><td>
625
<em>Low-level access to configuration information of the Python interpreter.</em></td></tr>
628
<td>
629
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.text_file"><code class="xref">distutils.text_file</code></a></td><td>
630
<em>provides the TextFile class, a simple interface to text files</em></td></tr>
633
<td>
634
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.unixccompiler"><code class="xref">distutils.unixccompiler</code></a></td><td>
635
<em>UNIX C Compiler</em></td></tr>
638
<td>
639
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.util"><code class="xref">distutils.util</code></a></td><td>
640
<em>Miscellaneous other utility functions</em></td></tr>
643
<td>
644
<a href="distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.version"><code class="xref">distutils.version</code></a></td><td>
645
<em>implements classes that represent module version numbers.</em></td></tr>
649
<a href="library/doctest.html#module-doctest"><code class="xref">doctest</code></a></td><td>
650
<em>Test pieces of code within docstrings.</em></td></tr>
654
<a href="library/dummy_threading.html#module-dummy_threading"><code class="xref">dummy_threading</code></a></td><td>
655
<em>Drop-in replacement for the threading module.</em></td></tr>
656
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
657
<tr class="cap" id="cap-e"><td></td><td>
658
<strong>e</strong></td><td></td></tr>
660
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
661
id="toggle-6" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
663
<a href="library/email.html#module-email"><code class="xref">email</code></a></td><td>
664
<em>Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating
665
email messages, including MIME documents.</em></td></tr>
668
<td>
669
<a href="library/email.charset.html#module-email.charset"><code class="xref">email.charset</code></a></td><td>
670
<em>Character Sets</em></td></tr>
673
<td>
674
<a href="library/email.contentmanager.html#module-email.contentmanager"><code class="xref">email.contentmanager</code></a></td><td>
675
<em>Storing and Retrieving Content from MIME Parts</em></td></tr>
678
<td>
679
<a href="library/email.encoders.html#module-email.encoders"><code class="xref">email.encoders</code></a></td><td>
680
<em>Encoders for email message payloads.</em></td></tr>
683
<td>
684
<a href="library/email.errors.html#module-email.errors"><code class="xref">email.errors</code></a></td><td>
685
<em>The exception classes used by the email package.</em></td></tr>
688
<td>
689
<a href="library/email.generator.html#module-email.generator"><code class="xref">email.generator</code></a></td><td>
690
<em>Generate flat text email messages from a message structure.</em></td></tr>
693
<td>
694
<a href="library/email.header.html#module-email.header"><code class="xref">email.header</code></a></td><td>
695
<em>Representing non-ASCII headers</em></td></tr>
698
<td>
699
<a href="library/email.headerregistry.html#module-email.headerregistry"><code class="xref">email.headerregistry</code></a></td><td>
700
<em>Automatic Parsing of headers based on the field name</em></td></tr>
703
<td>
704
<a href="library/email.iterators.html#module-email.iterators"><code class="xref">email.iterators</code></a></td><td>
705
<em>Iterate over a message object tree.</em></td></tr>
708
<td>
709
<a href="library/email.message.html#module-email.message"><code class="xref">email.message</code></a></td><td>
710
<em>The base class representing email messages.</em></td></tr>
713
<td>
714
<a href="library/email.mime.html#module-email.mime"><code class="xref">email.mime</code></a></td><td>
715
<em>Build MIME messages.</em></td></tr>
718
<td>
719
<a href="library/email.parser.html#module-email.parser"><code class="xref">email.parser</code></a></td><td>
720
<em>Parse flat text email messages to produce a message object structure.</em></td></tr>
723
<td>
724
<a href="library/email.policy.html#module-email.policy"><code class="xref">email.policy</code></a></td><td>
725
<em>Controlling the parsing and generating of messages</em></td></tr>
728
<td>
729
<a href="library/email.util.html#module-email.utils"><code class="xref">email.utils</code></a></td><td>
730
<em>Miscellaneous email package utilities.</em></td></tr>
732
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
733
id="toggle-7" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
735
<code class="xref">encodings</code></td><td>
739
<td>
740
<a href="library/codecs.html#module-encodings.idna"><code class="xref">encodings.idna</code></a></td><td>
741
<em>Internationalized Domain Names implementation</em></td></tr>
744
<td>
745
<a href="library/codecs.html#module-encodings.mbcs"><code class="xref">encodings.mbcs</code></a></td><td>
746
<em>Windows ANSI codepage</em></td></tr>
749
<td>
750
<a href="library/codecs.html#module-encodings.utf_8_sig"><code class="xref">encodings.utf_8_sig</code></a></td><td>
751
<em>UTF-8 codec with BOM signature</em></td></tr>
755
<a href="library/ensurepip.html#module-ensurepip"><code class="xref">ensurepip</code></a></td><td>
756
<em>Bootstrapping the "pip" installer into an existing Python
757
installation or virtual environment.</em></td></tr>
761
<a href="library/enum.html#module-enum"><code class="xref">enum</code></a></td><td>
762
<em>Implementation of an enumeration class.</em></td></tr>
766
<a href="library/errno.html#module-errno"><code class="xref">errno</code></a></td><td>
767
<em>Standard errno system symbols.</em></td></tr>
768
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
769
<tr class="cap" id="cap-f"><td></td><td>
770
<strong>f</strong></td><td></td></tr>
774
<a href="library/faulthandler.html#module-faulthandler"><code class="xref">faulthandler</code></a></td><td>
775
<em>Dump the Python traceback.</em></td></tr>
779
<a href="library/fcntl.html#module-fcntl"><code class="xref">fcntl</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
780
<em>The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls.</em></td></tr>
784
<a href="library/filecmp.html#module-filecmp"><code class="xref">filecmp</code></a></td><td>
785
<em>Compare files efficiently.</em></td></tr>
789
<a href="library/fileinput.html#module-fileinput"><code class="xref">fileinput</code></a></td><td>
790
<em>Loop over standard input or a list of files.</em></td></tr>
794
<a href="library/fnmatch.html#module-fnmatch"><code class="xref">fnmatch</code></a></td><td>
795
<em>Unix shell style filename pattern matching.</em></td></tr>
799
<a href="library/formatter.html#module-formatter"><code class="xref">formatter</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>
800
<em>Generic output formatter and device interface.</em></td></tr>
804
<a href="library/fpectl.html#module-fpectl"><code class="xref">fpectl</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
805
<em>Provide control for floating point exception handling.</em></td></tr>
809
<a href="library/fractions.html#module-fractions"><code class="xref">fractions</code></a></td><td>
810
<em>Rational numbers.</em></td></tr>
814
<a href="library/ftplib.html#module-ftplib"><code class="xref">ftplib</code></a></td><td>
815
<em>FTP protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>
819
<a href="library/functools.html#module-functools"><code class="xref">functools</code></a></td><td>
820
<em>Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.</em></td></tr>
821
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
822
<tr class="cap" id="cap-g"><td></td><td>
823
<strong>g</strong></td><td></td></tr>
827
<a href="library/gc.html#module-gc"><code class="xref">gc</code></a></td><td>
828
<em>Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector.</em></td></tr>
832
<a href="library/getopt.html#module-getopt"><code class="xref">getopt</code></a></td><td>
833
<em>Portable parser for command line options; support both short and
834
long option names.</em></td></tr>
838
<a href="library/getpass.html#module-getpass"><code class="xref">getpass</code></a></td><td>
839
<em>Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid.</em></td></tr>
843
<a href="library/gettext.html#module-gettext"><code class="xref">gettext</code></a></td><td>
844
<em>Multilingual internationalization services.</em></td></tr>
848
<a href="library/glob.html#module-glob"><code class="xref">glob</code></a></td><td>
849
<em>Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion.</em></td></tr>
853
<a href="library/grp.html#module-grp"><code class="xref">grp</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
854
<em>The group database (getgrnam() and friends).</em></td></tr>
858
<a href="library/gzip.html#module-gzip"><code class="xref">gzip</code></a></td><td>
859
<em>Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects.</em></td></tr>
860
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
861
<tr class="cap" id="cap-h"><td></td><td>
862
<strong>h</strong></td><td></td></tr>
866
<a href="library/hashlib.html#module-hashlib"><code class="xref">hashlib</code></a></td><td>
867
<em>Secure hash and message digest algorithms.</em></td></tr>
871
<a href="library/heapq.html#module-heapq"><code class="xref">heapq</code></a></td><td>
872
<em>Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue).</em></td></tr>
876
<a href="library/hmac.html#module-hmac"><code class="xref">hmac</code></a></td><td>
877
<em>Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation</em></td></tr>
879
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
880
id="toggle-8" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
882
<a href="library/html.html#module-html"><code class="xref">html</code></a></td><td>
883
<em>Helpers for manipulating HTML.</em></td></tr>
886
<td>
887
<a href="library/html.entities.html#module-html.entities"><code class="xref">html.entities</code></a></td><td>
888
<em>Definitions of HTML general entities.</em></td></tr>
891
<td>
892
<a href="library/html.parser.html#module-html.parser"><code class="xref">html.parser</code></a></td><td>
893
<em>A simple parser that can handle HTML and XHTML.</em></td></tr>
895
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
896
id="toggle-9" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
898
<a href="library/http.html#module-http"><code class="xref">http</code></a></td><td>
899
<em>HTTP status codes and messages</em></td></tr>
902
<td>
903
<a href="library/http.client.html#module-http.client"><code class="xref">http.client</code></a></td><td>
904
<em>HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>
907
<td>
908
<a href="library/http.cookiejar.html#module-http.cookiejar"><code class="xref">http.cookiejar</code></a></td><td>
909
<em>Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies.</em></td></tr>
912
<td>
913
<a href="library/http.cookies.html#module-http.cookies"><code class="xref">http.cookies</code></a></td><td>
914
<em>Support for HTTP state management (cookies).</em></td></tr>
917
<td>
918
<a href="library/http.server.html#module-http.server"><code class="xref">http.server</code></a></td><td>
919
<em>HTTP server and request handlers.</em></td></tr>
920
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
921
<tr class="cap" id="cap-i"><td></td><td>
922
<strong>i</strong></td><td></td></tr>
926
<a href="library/imaplib.html#module-imaplib"><code class="xref">imaplib</code></a></td><td>
927
<em>IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>
931
<a href="library/imghdr.html#module-imghdr"><code class="xref">imghdr</code></a></td><td>
932
<em>Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream.</em></td></tr>
936
<a href="library/imp.html#module-imp"><code class="xref">imp</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>
937
<em>Access the implementation of the import statement.</em></td></tr>
939
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
940
id="toggle-10" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
942
<a href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib"><code class="xref">importlib</code></a></td><td>
943
<em>The implementation of the import machinery.</em></td></tr>
946
<td>
947
<a href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.abc"><code class="xref">importlib.abc</code></a></td><td>
948
<em>Abstract base classes related to import</em></td></tr>
951
<td>
952
<a href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.machinery"><code class="xref">importlib.machinery</code></a></td><td>
953
<em>Importers and path hooks</em></td></tr>
956
<td>
957
<a href="library/importlib.html#module-importlib.util"><code class="xref">importlib.util</code></a></td><td>
958
<em>Utility code for importers</em></td></tr>
962
<a href="library/inspect.html#module-inspect"><code class="xref">inspect</code></a></td><td>
963
<em>Extract information and source code from live objects.</em></td></tr>
967
<a href="library/io.html#module-io"><code class="xref">io</code></a></td><td>
968
<em>Core tools for working with streams.</em></td></tr>
972
<a href="library/ipaddress.html#module-ipaddress"><code class="xref">ipaddress</code></a></td><td>
973
<em>IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library.</em></td></tr>
977
<a href="library/itertools.html#module-itertools"><code class="xref">itertools</code></a></td><td>
978
<em>Functions creating iterators for efficient looping.</em></td></tr>
979
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
980
<tr class="cap" id="cap-j"><td></td><td>
981
<strong>j</strong></td><td></td></tr>
983
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
984
id="toggle-11" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
986
<a href="library/json.html#module-json"><code class="xref">json</code></a></td><td>
987
<em>Encode and decode the JSON format.</em></td></tr>
990
<td>
991
<a href="library/json.html#module-json.tool"><code class="xref">json.tool</code></a></td><td>
993
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
994
<tr class="cap" id="cap-k"><td></td><td>
995
<strong>k</strong></td><td></td></tr>
999
<a href="library/keyword.html#module-keyword"><code class="xref">keyword</code></a></td><td>
1000
<em>Test whether a string is a keyword in Python.</em></td></tr>
1001
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1002
<tr class="cap" id="cap-l"><td></td><td>
1003
<strong>l</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1007
<a href="library/2to3.html#module-lib2to3"><code class="xref">lib2to3</code></a></td><td>
1008
<em>the 2to3 library</em></td></tr>
1012
<a href="library/linecache.html#module-linecache"><code class="xref">linecache</code></a></td><td>
1013
<em>This module provides random access to individual lines from text files.</em></td></tr>
1017
<a href="library/locale.html#module-locale"><code class="xref">locale</code></a></td><td>
1018
<em>Internationalization services.</em></td></tr>
1020
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
1021
id="toggle-12" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1023
<a href="library/logging.html#module-logging"><code class="xref">logging</code></a></td><td>
1024
<em>Flexible event logging system for applications.</em></td></tr>
1027
<td>
1028
<a href="library/logging.config.html#module-logging.config"><code class="xref">logging.config</code></a></td><td>
1029
<em>Configuration of the logging module.</em></td></tr>
1032
<td>
1033
<a href="library/logging.handlers.html#module-logging.handlers"><code class="xref">logging.handlers</code></a></td><td>
1034
<em>Handlers for the logging module.</em></td></tr>
1038
<a href="library/lzma.html#module-lzma"><code class="xref">lzma</code></a></td><td>
1039
<em>A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library.</em></td></tr>
1040
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1041
<tr class="cap" id="cap-m"><td></td><td>
1042
<strong>m</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1046
<a href="library/macpath.html#module-macpath"><code class="xref">macpath</code></a></td><td>
1047
<em>Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions.</em></td></tr>
1051
<a href="library/mailbox.html#module-mailbox"><code class="xref">mailbox</code></a></td><td>
1052
<em>Manipulate mailboxes in various formats</em></td></tr>
1056
<a href="library/mailcap.html#module-mailcap"><code class="xref">mailcap</code></a></td><td>
1057
<em>Mailcap file handling.</em></td></tr>
1061
<a href="library/marshal.html#module-marshal"><code class="xref">marshal</code></a></td><td>
1062
<em>Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different
1063
constraints).</em></td></tr>
1067
<a href="library/math.html#module-math"><code class="xref">math</code></a></td><td>
1068
<em>Mathematical functions (sin() etc.).</em></td></tr>
1072
<a href="library/mimetypes.html#module-mimetypes"><code class="xref">mimetypes</code></a></td><td>
1073
<em>Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types.</em></td></tr>
1077
<a href="library/mmap.html#module-mmap"><code class="xref">mmap</code></a></td><td>
1078
<em>Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows.</em></td></tr>
1082
<a href="library/modulefinder.html#module-modulefinder"><code class="xref">modulefinder</code></a></td><td>
1083
<em>Find modules used by a script.</em></td></tr>
1087
<a href="library/msilib.html#module-msilib"><code class="xref">msilib</code></a> <em>(Windows)</em></td><td>
1088
<em>Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files.</em></td></tr>
1092
<a href="library/msvcrt.html#module-msvcrt"><code class="xref">msvcrt</code></a> <em>(Windows)</em></td><td>
1093
<em>Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime.</em></td></tr>
1095
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
1096
id="toggle-13" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1098
<a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing"><code class="xref">multiprocessing</code></a></td><td>
1099
<em>Process-based parallelism.</em></td></tr>
1102
<td>
1103
<a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.connection"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.connection</code></a></td><td>
1104
<em>API for dealing with sockets.</em></td></tr>
1107
<td>
1108
<a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.dummy"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.dummy</code></a></td><td>
1109
<em>Dumb wrapper around threading.</em></td></tr>
1112
<td>
1113
<a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.managers"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.managers</code></a></td><td>
1114
<em>Share data between process with shared objects.</em></td></tr>
1117
<td>
1118
<a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.pool"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.pool</code></a></td><td>
1119
<em>Create pools of processes.</em></td></tr>
1122
<td>
1123
<a href="library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.sharedctypes"><code class="xref">multiprocessing.sharedctypes</code></a></td><td>
1124
<em>Allocate ctypes objects from shared memory.</em></td></tr>
1125
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1126
<tr class="cap" id="cap-n"><td></td><td>
1127
<strong>n</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1131
<a href="library/netrc.html#module-netrc"><code class="xref">netrc</code></a></td><td>
1132
<em>Loading of .netrc files.</em></td></tr>
1136
<a href="library/nis.html#module-nis"><code class="xref">nis</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1137
<em>Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) library.</em></td></tr>
1141
<a href="library/nntplib.html#module-nntplib"><code class="xref">nntplib</code></a></td><td>
1142
<em>NNTP protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>
1146
<a href="library/numbers.html#module-numbers"><code class="xref">numbers</code></a></td><td>
1147
<em>Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.).</em></td></tr>
1148
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1149
<tr class="cap" id="cap-o"><td></td><td>
1150
<strong>o</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1154
<a href="library/operator.html#module-operator"><code class="xref">operator</code></a></td><td>
1155
<em>Functions corresponding to the standard operators.</em></td></tr>
1159
<a href="library/optparse.html#module-optparse"><code class="xref">optparse</code></a></td><td><strong>Deprecated:</strong>
1160
<em>Command-line option parsing library.</em></td></tr>
1162
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
1163
id="toggle-14" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1165
<a href="library/os.html#module-os"><code class="xref">os</code></a></td><td>
1166
<em>Miscellaneous operating system interfaces.</em></td></tr>
1169
<td>
1170
<a href="library/os.path.html#module-os.path"><code class="xref">os.path</code></a></td><td>
1171
<em>Operations on pathnames.</em></td></tr>
1175
<a href="library/ossaudiodev.html#module-ossaudiodev"><code class="xref">ossaudiodev</code></a> <em>(Linux, FreeBSD)</em></td><td>
1176
<em>Access to OSS-compatible audio devices.</em></td></tr>
1177
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1178
<tr class="cap" id="cap-p"><td></td><td>
1179
<strong>p</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1183
<a href="library/parser.html#module-parser"><code class="xref">parser</code></a></td><td>
1184
<em>Access parse trees for Python source code.</em></td></tr>
1188
<a href="library/pathlib.html#module-pathlib"><code class="xref">pathlib</code></a></td><td>
1189
<em>Object-oriented filesystem paths</em></td></tr>
1193
<a href="library/pdb.html#module-pdb"><code class="xref">pdb</code></a></td><td>
1194
<em>The Python debugger for interactive interpreters.</em></td></tr>
1198
<a href="library/pickle.html#module-pickle"><code class="xref">pickle</code></a></td><td>
1199
<em>Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.</em></td></tr>
1203
<a href="library/pickletools.html#module-pickletools"><code class="xref">pickletools</code></a></td><td>
1204
<em>Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and
1205
pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions.</em></td></tr>
1209
<a href="library/pipes.html#module-pipes"><code class="xref">pipes</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1210
<em>A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines.</em></td></tr>
1214
<a href="library/pkgutil.html#module-pkgutil"><code class="xref">pkgutil</code></a></td><td>
1215
<em>Utilities for the import system.</em></td></tr>
1219
<a href="library/platform.html#module-platform"><code class="xref">platform</code></a></td><td>
1220
<em>Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible.</em></td></tr>
1224
<a href="library/plistlib.html#module-plistlib"><code class="xref">plistlib</code></a></td><td>
1225
<em>Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files.</em></td></tr>
1229
<a href="library/poplib.html#module-poplib"><code class="xref">poplib</code></a></td><td>
1230
<em>POP3 protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>
1234
<a href="library/posix.html#module-posix"><code class="xref">posix</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1235
<em>The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os).</em></td></tr>
1239
<a href="library/pprint.html#module-pprint"><code class="xref">pprint</code></a></td><td>
1240
<em>Data pretty printer.</em></td></tr>
1244
<a href="library/profile.html#module-profile"><code class="xref">profile</code></a></td><td>
1245
<em>Python source profiler.</em></td></tr>
1249
<a href="library/profile.html#module-pstats"><code class="xref">pstats</code></a></td><td>
1250
<em>Statistics object for use with the profiler.</em></td></tr>
1254
<a href="library/pty.html#module-pty"><code class="xref">pty</code></a> <em>(Linux)</em></td><td>
1255
<em>Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux.</em></td></tr>
1259
<a href="library/pwd.html#module-pwd"><code class="xref">pwd</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1260
<em>The password database (getpwnam() and friends).</em></td></tr>
1264
<a href="library/py_compile.html#module-py_compile"><code class="xref">py_compile</code></a></td><td>
1265
<em>Generate byte-code files from Python source files.</em></td></tr>
1269
<a href="library/pyclbr.html#module-pyclbr"><code class="xref">pyclbr</code></a></td><td>
1270
<em>Supports information extraction for a Python class browser.</em></td></tr>
1274
<a href="library/pydoc.html#module-pydoc"><code class="xref">pydoc</code></a></td><td>
1275
<em>Documentation generator and online help system.</em></td></tr>
1276
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1277
<tr class="cap" id="cap-q"><td></td><td>
1278
<strong>q</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1282
<a href="library/queue.html#module-queue"><code class="xref">queue</code></a></td><td>
1283
<em>A synchronized queue class.</em></td></tr>
1287
<a href="library/quopri.html#module-quopri"><code class="xref">quopri</code></a></td><td>
1288
<em>Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding.</em></td></tr>
1289
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1290
<tr class="cap" id="cap-r"><td></td><td>
1291
<strong>r</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1295
<a href="library/random.html#module-random"><code class="xref">random</code></a></td><td>
1296
<em>Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions.</em></td></tr>
1300
<a href="library/re.html#module-re"><code class="xref">re</code></a></td><td>
1301
<em>Regular expression operations.</em></td></tr>
1305
<a href="library/readline.html#module-readline"><code class="xref">readline</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1306
<em>GNU readline support for Python.</em></td></tr>
1310
<a href="library/reprlib.html#module-reprlib"><code class="xref">reprlib</code></a></td><td>
1311
<em>Alternate repr() implementation with size limits.</em></td></tr>
1315
<a href="library/resource.html#module-resource"><code class="xref">resource</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1316
<em>An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process.</em></td></tr>
1320
<a href="library/rlcompleter.html#module-rlcompleter"><code class="xref">rlcompleter</code></a></td><td>
1321
<em>Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library.</em></td></tr>
1325
<a href="library/runpy.html#module-runpy"><code class="xref">runpy</code></a></td><td>
1326
<em>Locate and run Python modules without importing them first.</em></td></tr>
1327
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1328
<tr class="cap" id="cap-s"><td></td><td>
1329
<strong>s</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1333
<a href="library/sched.html#module-sched"><code class="xref">sched</code></a></td><td>
1334
<em>General purpose event scheduler.</em></td></tr>
1338
<a href="library/select.html#module-select"><code class="xref">select</code></a></td><td>
1339
<em>Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams.</em></td></tr>
1343
<a href="library/selectors.html#module-selectors"><code class="xref">selectors</code></a></td><td>
1344
<em>High-level I/O multiplexing.</em></td></tr>
1348
<a href="library/shelve.html#module-shelve"><code class="xref">shelve</code></a></td><td>
1349
<em>Python object persistence.</em></td></tr>
1353
<a href="library/shlex.html#module-shlex"><code class="xref">shlex</code></a></td><td>
1354
<em>Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages.</em></td></tr>
1358
<a href="library/shutil.html#module-shutil"><code class="xref">shutil</code></a></td><td>
1359
<em>High-level file operations, including copying.</em></td></tr>
1363
<a href="library/signal.html#module-signal"><code class="xref">signal</code></a></td><td>
1364
<em>Set handlers for asynchronous events.</em></td></tr>
1368
<a href="library/site.html#module-site"><code class="xref">site</code></a></td><td>
1369
<em>Module responsible for site-specific configuration.</em></td></tr>
1373
<a href="library/smtpd.html#module-smtpd"><code class="xref">smtpd</code></a></td><td>
1374
<em>A SMTP server implementation in Python.</em></td></tr>
1378
<a href="library/smtplib.html#module-smtplib"><code class="xref">smtplib</code></a></td><td>
1379
<em>SMTP protocol client (requires sockets).</em></td></tr>
1383
<a href="library/sndhdr.html#module-sndhdr"><code class="xref">sndhdr</code></a></td><td>
1384
<em>Determine type of a sound file.</em></td></tr>
1388
<a href="library/socket.html#module-socket"><code class="xref">socket</code></a></td><td>
1389
<em>Low-level networking interface.</em></td></tr>
1393
<a href="library/socketserver.html#module-socketserver"><code class="xref">socketserver</code></a></td><td>
1394
<em>A framework for network servers.</em></td></tr>
1398
<a href="library/spwd.html#module-spwd"><code class="xref">spwd</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1399
<em>The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends).</em></td></tr>
1403
<a href="library/sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3"><code class="xref">sqlite3</code></a></td><td>
1404
<em>A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x.</em></td></tr>
1408
<a href="library/ssl.html#module-ssl"><code class="xref">ssl</code></a></td><td>
1409
<em>TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects</em></td></tr>
1413
<a href="library/stat.html#module-stat"><code class="xref">stat</code></a></td><td>
1414
<em>Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(),
1415
os.lstat() and os.fstat().</em></td></tr>
1419
<a href="library/statistics.html#module-statistics"><code class="xref">statistics</code></a></td><td>
1420
<em>mathematical statistics functions</em></td></tr>
1424
<a href="library/string.html#module-string"><code class="xref">string</code></a></td><td>
1425
<em>Common string operations.</em></td></tr>
1429
<a href="library/stringprep.html#module-stringprep"><code class="xref">stringprep</code></a></td><td>
1430
<em>String preparation, as per RFC 3453</em></td></tr>
1434
<a href="library/struct.html#module-struct"><code class="xref">struct</code></a></td><td>
1435
<em>Interpret bytes as packed binary data.</em></td></tr>
1439
<a href="library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess"><code class="xref">subprocess</code></a></td><td>
1440
<em>Subprocess management.</em></td></tr>
1444
<a href="library/sunau.html#module-sunau"><code class="xref">sunau</code></a></td><td>
1445
<em>Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format.</em></td></tr>
1449
<a href="library/symbol.html#module-symbol"><code class="xref">symbol</code></a></td><td>
1450
<em>Constants representing internal nodes of the parse tree.</em></td></tr>
1454
<a href="library/symtable.html#module-symtable"><code class="xref">symtable</code></a></td><td>
1455
<em>Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables.</em></td></tr>
1459
<a href="library/sys.html#module-sys"><code class="xref">sys</code></a></td><td>
1460
<em>Access system-specific parameters and functions.</em></td></tr>
1464
<a href="library/sysconfig.html#module-sysconfig"><code class="xref">sysconfig</code></a></td><td>
1465
<em>Python's configuration information</em></td></tr>
1469
<a href="library/syslog.html#module-syslog"><code class="xref">syslog</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1470
<em>An interface to the Unix syslog library routines.</em></td></tr>
1471
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1472
<tr class="cap" id="cap-t"><td></td><td>
1473
<strong>t</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1477
<a href="library/tabnanny.html#module-tabnanny"><code class="xref">tabnanny</code></a></td><td>
1478
<em>Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python
1479
source files in a directory tree.</em></td></tr>
1483
<a href="library/tarfile.html#module-tarfile"><code class="xref">tarfile</code></a></td><td>
1484
<em>Read and write tar-format archive files.</em></td></tr>
1488
<a href="library/telnetlib.html#module-telnetlib"><code class="xref">telnetlib</code></a></td><td>
1489
<em>Telnet client class.</em></td></tr>
1493
<a href="library/tempfile.html#module-tempfile"><code class="xref">tempfile</code></a></td><td>
1494
<em>Generate temporary files and directories.</em></td></tr>
1498
<a href="library/termios.html#module-termios"><code class="xref">termios</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1499
<em>POSIX style tty control.</em></td></tr>
1501
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
1502
id="toggle-15" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1504
<a href="library/test.html#module-test"><code class="xref">test</code></a></td><td>
1505
<em>Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python.</em></td></tr>
1508
<td>
1509
<a href="library/test.html#module-test.support"><code class="xref">test.support</code></a></td><td>
1510
<em>Support for Python's regression test suite.</em></td></tr>
1514
<a href="library/textwrap.html#module-textwrap"><code class="xref">textwrap</code></a></td><td>
1515
<em>Text wrapping and filling</em></td></tr>
1519
<a href="library/threading.html#module-threading"><code class="xref">threading</code></a></td><td>
1520
<em>Thread-based parallelism.</em></td></tr>
1524
<a href="library/time.html#module-time"><code class="xref">time</code></a></td><td>
1525
<em>Time access and conversions.</em></td></tr>
1529
<a href="library/timeit.html#module-timeit"><code class="xref">timeit</code></a></td><td>
1530
<em>Measure the execution time of small code snippets.</em></td></tr>
1532
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
1533
id="toggle-16" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1535
<a href="library/tkinter.html#module-tkinter"><code class="xref">tkinter</code></a></td><td>
1536
<em>Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces</em></td></tr>
1539
<td>
1540
<a href="library/tkinter.scrolledtext.html#module-tkinter.scrolledtext"><code class="xref">tkinter.scrolledtext</code></a> <em>(Tk)</em></td><td>
1541
<em>Text widget with a vertical scroll bar.</em></td></tr>
1544
<td>
1545
<a href="library/tkinter.tix.html#module-tkinter.tix"><code class="xref">tkinter.tix</code></a></td><td>
1546
<em>Tk Extension Widgets for Tkinter</em></td></tr>
1549
<td>
1550
<a href="library/tkinter.ttk.html#module-tkinter.ttk"><code class="xref">tkinter.ttk</code></a></td><td>
1551
<em>Tk themed widget set</em></td></tr>
1555
<a href="library/token.html#module-token"><code class="xref">token</code></a></td><td>
1556
<em>Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree.</em></td></tr>
1560
<a href="library/tokenize.html#module-tokenize"><code class="xref">tokenize</code></a></td><td>
1561
<em>Lexical scanner for Python source code.</em></td></tr>
1565
<a href="library/trace.html#module-trace"><code class="xref">trace</code></a></td><td>
1566
<em>Trace or track Python statement execution.</em></td></tr>
1570
<a href="library/traceback.html#module-traceback"><code class="xref">traceback</code></a></td><td>
1571
<em>Print or retrieve a stack traceback.</em></td></tr>
1575
<a href="library/tracemalloc.html#module-tracemalloc"><code class="xref">tracemalloc</code></a></td><td>
1576
<em>Trace memory allocations.</em></td></tr>
1580
<a href="library/tty.html#module-tty"><code class="xref">tty</code></a> <em>(Unix)</em></td><td>
1581
<em>Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations.</em></td></tr>
1585
<a href="library/turtle.html#module-turtle"><code class="xref">turtle</code></a></td><td>
1586
<em>An educational framework for simple graphics applications</em></td></tr>
1590
<a href="library/turtle.html#module-turtledemo"><code class="xref">turtledemo</code></a></td><td>
1591
<em>A viewer for example turtle scripts</em></td></tr>
1595
<a href="library/types.html#module-types"><code class="xref">types</code></a></td><td>
1596
<em>Names for built-in types.</em></td></tr>
1600
<a href="library/typing.html#module-typing"><code class="xref">typing</code></a></td><td>
1601
<em>Support for type hints (see PEP 484).</em></td></tr>
1602
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1603
<tr class="cap" id="cap-u"><td></td><td>
1604
<strong>u</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1608
<a href="library/unicodedata.html#module-unicodedata"><code class="xref">unicodedata</code></a></td><td>
1609
<em>Access the Unicode Database.</em></td></tr>
1611
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
1612
id="toggle-17" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1614
<a href="library/unittest.html#module-unittest"><code class="xref">unittest</code></a></td><td>
1615
<em>Unit testing framework for Python.</em></td></tr>
1618
<td>
1619
<a href="library/unittest.mock.html#module-unittest.mock"><code class="xref">unittest.mock</code></a></td><td>
1620
<em>Mock object library.</em></td></tr>
1622
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
1623
id="toggle-18" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1625
<a href="library/urllib.html#module-urllib"><code class="xref">urllib</code></a></td><td>
1629
<td>
1630
<a href="library/urllib.error.html#module-urllib.error"><code class="xref">urllib.error</code></a></td><td>
1631
<em>Exception classes raised by urllib.request.</em></td></tr>
1634
<td>
1635
<a href="library/urllib.parse.html#module-urllib.parse"><code class="xref">urllib.parse</code></a></td><td>
1636
<em>Parse URLs into or assemble them from components.</em></td></tr>
1639
<td>
1640
<a href="library/urllib.request.html#module-urllib.request"><code class="xref">urllib.request</code></a></td><td>
1641
<em>Extensible library for opening URLs.</em></td></tr>
1644
<td>
1645
<a href="library/urllib.request.html#module-urllib.response"><code class="xref">urllib.response</code></a></td><td>
1646
<em>Response classes used by urllib.</em></td></tr>
1649
<td>
1650
<a href="library/urllib.robotparser.html#module-urllib.robotparser"><code class="xref">urllib.robotparser</code></a></td><td>
1651
<em>Load a robots.txt file and answer questions about
1652
fetchability of other URLs.</em></td></tr>
1656
<a href="library/uu.html#module-uu"><code class="xref">uu</code></a></td><td>
1657
<em>Encode and decode files in uuencode format.</em></td></tr>
1661
<a href="library/uuid.html#module-uuid"><code class="xref">uuid</code></a></td><td>
1662
<em>UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122</em></td></tr>
1663
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1664
<tr class="cap" id="cap-v"><td></td><td>
1665
<strong>v</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1669
<a href="library/venv.html#module-venv"><code class="xref">venv</code></a></td><td>
1670
<em>Creation of virtual environments.</em></td></tr>
1671
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1672
<tr class="cap" id="cap-w"><td></td><td>
1673
<strong>w</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1677
<a href="library/warnings.html#module-warnings"><code class="xref">warnings</code></a></td><td>
1678
<em>Issue warning messages and control their disposition.</em></td></tr>
1682
<a href="library/wave.html#module-wave"><code class="xref">wave</code></a></td><td>
1683
<em>Provide an interface to the WAV sound format.</em></td></tr>
1687
<a href="library/weakref.html#module-weakref"><code class="xref">weakref</code></a></td><td>
1688
<em>Support for weak references and weak dictionaries.</em></td></tr>
1692
<a href="library/webbrowser.html#module-webbrowser"><code class="xref">webbrowser</code></a></td><td>
1693
<em>Easy-to-use controller for Web browsers.</em></td></tr>
1697
<a href="library/winreg.html#module-winreg"><code class="xref">winreg</code></a> <em>(Windows)</em></td><td>
1698
<em>Routines and objects for manipulating the Windows registry.</em></td></tr>
1702
<a href="library/winsound.html#module-winsound"><code class="xref">winsound</code></a> <em>(Windows)</em></td><td>
1703
<em>Access to the sound-playing machinery for Windows.</em></td></tr>
1705
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
1706
id="toggle-19" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1708
<a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref"><code class="xref">wsgiref</code></a></td><td>
1709
<em>WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation.</em></td></tr>
1712
<td>
1713
<a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.handlers"><code class="xref">wsgiref.handlers</code></a></td><td>
1714
<em>WSGI server/gateway base classes.</em></td></tr>
1717
<td>
1718
<a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.headers"><code class="xref">wsgiref.headers</code></a></td><td>
1719
<em>WSGI response header tools.</em></td></tr>
1722
<td>
1723
<a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.simple_server"><code class="xref">wsgiref.simple_server</code></a></td><td>
1724
<em>A simple WSGI HTTP server.</em></td></tr>
1727
<td>
1728
<a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.util"><code class="xref">wsgiref.util</code></a></td><td>
1729
<em>WSGI environment utilities.</em></td></tr>
1732
<td>
1733
<a href="library/wsgiref.html#module-wsgiref.validate"><code class="xref">wsgiref.validate</code></a></td><td>
1734
<em>WSGI conformance checker.</em></td></tr>
1735
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
1736
<tr class="cap" id="cap-x"><td></td><td>
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<strong>x</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1741
<a href="library/xdrlib.html#module-xdrlib"><code class="xref">xdrlib</code></a></td><td>
1742
<em>Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR).</em></td></tr>
1744
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
1745
id="toggle-20" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1747
<a href="library/xml.html#module-xml"><code class="xref">xml</code></a></td><td>
1748
<em>Package containing XML processing modules</em></td></tr>
1751
<td>
1752
<a href="library/xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom"><code class="xref">xml.dom</code></a></td><td>
1753
<em>Document Object Model API for Python.</em></td></tr>
1756
<td>
1757
<a href="library/xml.dom.minidom.html#module-xml.dom.minidom"><code class="xref">xml.dom.minidom</code></a></td><td>
1758
<em>Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation.</em></td></tr>
1761
<td>
1762
<a href="library/xml.dom.pulldom.html#module-xml.dom.pulldom"><code class="xref">xml.dom.pulldom</code></a></td><td>
1763
<em>Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events.</em></td></tr>
1766
<td>
1767
<a href="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementTree"><code class="xref">xml.etree.ElementTree</code></a></td><td>
1768
<em>Implementation of the ElementTree API.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
1772
<a href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat"><code class="xref">xml.parsers.expat</code></a></td><td>
1773
<em>An interface to the Expat non-validating XML parser.</em></td></tr>
1776
<td>
1777
<a href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.errors"><code class="xref">xml.parsers.expat.errors</code></a></td><td>
1781
<td>
1782
<a href="library/pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat.model"><code class="xref">xml.parsers.expat.model</code></a></td><td>
1786
<td>
1787
<a href="library/xml.sax.html#module-xml.sax"><code class="xref">xml.sax</code></a></td><td>
1788
<em>Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
1792
<a href="library/xml.sax.handler.html#module-xml.sax.handler"><code class="xref">xml.sax.handler</code></a></td><td>
1793
<em>Base classes for SAX event handlers.</em></td></tr>
1796
<td>
1797
<a href="library/xml.sax.utils.html#module-xml.sax.saxutils"><code class="xref">xml.sax.saxutils</code></a></td><td>
1798
<em>Convenience functions and classes for use with SAX.</em></td></tr>
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<td>
1802
<a href="library/xml.sax.reader.html#module-xml.sax.xmlreader"><code class="xref">xml.sax.xmlreader</code></a></td><td>
1803
<em>Interface which SAX-compliant XML parsers must implement.</em></td></tr>
1805
<td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
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id="toggle-21" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
1808
<code class="xref">xmlrpc</code></td><td>
1812
<td>
1813
<a href="library/xmlrpc.client.html#module-xmlrpc.client"><code class="xref">xmlrpc.client</code></a></td><td>
1814
<em>XML-RPC client access.</em></td></tr>
1817
<td>
1818
<a href="library/xmlrpc.server.html#module-xmlrpc.server"><code class="xref">xmlrpc.server</code></a></td><td>
1819
<em>Basic XML-RPC server implementations.</em></td></tr>
1820
<tr class="pcap"><td></td><td> </td><td></td></tr>
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<tr class="cap" id="cap-z"><td></td><td>
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<strong>z</strong></td><td></td></tr>
1826
<a href="library/zipapp.html#module-zipapp"><code class="xref">zipapp</code></a></td><td>
1827
<em>Manage executable python zip archives</em></td></tr>
1831
<a href="library/zipfile.html#module-zipfile"><code class="xref">zipfile</code></a></td><td>
1832
<em>Read and write ZIP-format archive files.</em></td></tr>
1836
<a href="library/zipimport.html#module-zipimport"><code class="xref">zipimport</code></a></td><td>
1837
<em>support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives.</em></td></tr>
1841
<a href="library/zlib.html#module-zlib"><code class="xref">zlib</code></a></td><td>
1842
<em>Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines
1843
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